fig. 13-1. fig. 13-3b technique pair of homologous replicated chromosomes centromere sister...
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![Page 1: Fig. 13-1. Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f295503460f94c4220d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fig. 13-1
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Fig. 13-3b
TECHNIQUE
Pair of homologousreplicated chromosomes
Centromere
Sisterchromatids
Metaphasechromosome
5 µm
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Fig. 13-4
Key
Maternal set ofchromosomes (n = 3)
Paternal set ofchromosomes (n = 3)
2n = 6
Centromere
Two sister chromatidsof one replicatedchromosome
Two nonsisterchromatids ina homologous pair
Pair of homologouschromosomes(one from each set)
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Fig. 13-7-1Interphase
Homologous pair of chromosomesin diploid parent cell
Chromosomesreplicate
Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes
Sisterchromatids Diploid cell with
replicated chromosomes
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Fig. 13-7-2Interphase
Homologous pair of chromosomesin diploid parent cell
Chromosomesreplicate
Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes
Sisterchromatids Diploid cell with
replicated chromosomes
Meiosis I
Homologouschromosomesseparate
1
Haploid cells withreplicated chromosomes
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Fig. 13-7-3Interphase
Homologous pair of chromosomesin diploid parent cell
Chromosomesreplicate
Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes
Sisterchromatids Diploid cell with
replicated chromosomes
Meiosis I
Homologouschromosomesseparate
1
Haploid cells withreplicated chromosomes
Meiosis II
2 Sister chromatidsseparate
Haploid cells with unreplicated chromosomes
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Fig. 13-8
Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase ITelophase I and
CytokinesisProphase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II and
Cytokinesis
Centrosome(with centriole pair)
Sisterchromatids Chiasmata
Spindle
Homologouschromosomes
Fragmentsof nuclearenvelope
Centromere(with kinetochore)
Metaphaseplate
Microtubuleattached tokinetochore
Sister chromatidsremain attached
Homologouschromosomesseparate
Cleavagefurrow
Sister chromatidsseparate Haploid daughter cells
forming
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Metaphase I
Fig. 13-8a
Prophase I Anaphase I Telophase I andCytokinesis
Centrosome(with centriole pair)
Sisterchromatids Chiasmata
Spindle
Homologouschromosomes
Fragmentsof nuclearenvelope
Centromere(with kinetochore)
Metaphaseplate
Microtubuleattached tokinetochore
Sister chromatidsremain attached
Homologouschromosomesseparate
Cleavagefurrow
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Fig. 13-8b
Prophase I Metaphase I
Centrosome(with centriole pair)
Sisterchromatids Chiasmata
Spindle
Centromere(with kinetochore)
Metaphaseplate
Homologouschromosomes
Fragmentsof nuclearenvelope
Microtubuleattached tokinetochore
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Fig. 13-8c
Anaphase ITelophase I and
Cytokinesis
Sister chromatidsremain attached
Homologouschromosomesseparate
Cleavagefurrow
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Fig. 13-8d
Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II andCytokinesis
Sister chromatidsseparate Haploid daughter cells
forming
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Fig. 13-8e
Prophase II Metaphase II
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Fig. 13-8f
Anaphase IITelephase II and
Cytokinesis
Sister chromatidsseparate Haploid daughter cells
forming
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Fig. 13-9MITOSIS MEIOSIS
MEIOSIS I
Prophase I
Chiasma
Homologouschromosomepair
Chromosomereplication
Parent cell
2n = 6
Chromosomereplication
Replicated chromosome
Prophase
Metaphase Metaphase I
Anaphase ITelophase I
Haploidn = 3
Daughtercells of
meiosis I
AnaphaseTelophase
2n 2n
Daughter cellsof mitosis
n n n n
MEIOSIS II
Daughter cells of meiosis II
SUMMARY
Meiosis
Occurs during interphase before meiosis I begins
Two, each including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, andtelophase
Occurs during prophase I along with crossing overbetween nonsister chromatids; resulting chiasmatahold pairs together due to sister chromatid cohesion
Four, each haploid (n), containing half as many chromosomesas the parent cell; genetically different from the parentcell and from each other
Produces gametes; reduces number of chromosomes by halfand introduces genetic variability amoung the gametes
Mitosis
Occurs during interphase beforemitosis begins
One, including prophase, metaphase,anahase, and telophase
Does not occur
Two, each diploid (2n) and geneticallyidentical to the parent cell
Enables multicellular adult to arise fromzygote; produces cells for growth, repair,and, in some species, asexual reproduction
Property
DNAreplication
Number ofdivisions
Synapsis ofhomologouschromosomes
Number ofdaughter cellsand geneticcomposition
Role in theanimal body
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Fig. 13-9a
MITOSIS MEIOSIS
MEIOSIS I
Prophase I
Chiasma
Chromosomereplication
Homologouschromosomepair
Chromosomereplication
2n = 6
Parent cell
Prophase
Replicated chromosome
Metaphase Metaphase I
Anaphase ITelophase I
Haploid n = 3
Daughter cells ofmeiosis I
MEIOSIS II
Daughter cells of meiosis II
nnnn
2n2n
Daughter cellsof mitosis
AnaphaseTelophase
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Fig. 13-9b
SUMMARY
MeiosisMitosisProperty
DNAreplication
Number ofdivisions
Occurs during interphase beforemitosis begins
One, including prophase, metaphase,anaphase, and telophase
Synapsis ofhomologouschromosomes
Does not occur
Number ofdaughter cellsand geneticcomposition
Two, each diploid (2n) and geneticallyidentical to the parent cell
Role in theanimal body
Enables multicellular adult to arise fromzygote; produces cells for growth, repair,and, in some species, asexual reproduction
Occurs during interphase before meiosis I begins
Two, each including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, andtelophase
Occurs during prophase I along with crossing overbetween nonsister chromatids; resulting chiasmatahold pairs together due to sister chromatid cohesion
Four, each haploid (n), containing half as many chromosomesas the parent cell; genetically different from the parentcell and from each other
Produces gametes; reduces number of chromosomes by halfand introduces genetic variability among the gametes
![Page 17: Fig. 13-1. Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f295503460f94c4220d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Fig. 13-11-1
Possibility 1 Possibility 2
Two equally probablearrangements ofchromosomes at
metaphase I
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Fig. 13-11-2
Possibility 1 Possibility 2
Two equally probablearrangements ofchromosomes at
metaphase I
Metaphase II
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Fig. 13-11-3
Possibility 1 Possibility 2
Two equally probablearrangements ofchromosomes at
metaphase I
Metaphase II
Daughtercells
Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3 Combination 4
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Fig. 13-12-1Prophase Iof meiosis
Pair ofhomologs
Nonsisterchromatidsheld togetherduring synapsis
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Fig. 13-12-2Prophase Iof meiosis
Pair ofhomologs
Nonsisterchromatidsheld togetherduring synapsis
Chiasma
CentromereTEM
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Fig. 13-12-3Prophase Iof meiosis
Pair ofhomologs
Nonsisterchromatidsheld togetherduring synapsis
Chiasma
Centromere
Anaphase I
TEM
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Fig. 13-12-4Prophase Iof meiosis
Pair ofhomologs
Nonsisterchromatidsheld togetherduring synapsis
Chiasma
Centromere
Anaphase I
Anaphase II
TEM
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Fig. 13-12-5Prophase Iof meiosis
Pair ofhomologs
Nonsisterchromatidsheld togetherduring synapsis
Chiasma
Centromere
Anaphase I
Anaphase II
Daughtercells
Recombinant chromosomes
TEM
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Fig. 13-UN1
Prophase I: Each homologous pair undergoessynapsis and crossing over between nonsisterchromatids.
Metaphase I: Chromosomes line up as homolo-gous pairs on the metaphase plate.
Anaphase I: Homologs separate from each other;sister chromatids remain joined at the centromere.
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Fig. 13-UN2
F
H
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Fig. 13-UN3