Fig. 8-1, p.124

one chromosome (unduplicated)

one chromosome (duplicated)

one chromatid

its sister chromatids

Fig. 8-3, p.126

Table 8-1, p.126

Fig. 8-4, p.127

Fig. 8-5, p.128

Interval of cell growth beforeDNA replication (chromosomesunduplicated)

G1

cytoplasmicdivision; eachdaughter cellenters interphase

Interphase ends for parent cell

Interval after DNAreplication; the cellprepares to divide

G2

Interval of cell growth whenthe DNA is replicated (allchromosomes duplicated)

S

mitosis,cytoplasmic

division

One of theunduplicatedchromosomesin a parent cellat interphase

The same two chromosomes,(duplicated) at interphase, prior to mitosis

Fig. 8-6b, p.129

After mitosisand cytoplasmicdivision, the twodaughter cellseach have one(unduplicated)chromosome.Both daughtercells start lifein interphase.

microtubule ofbipolar spindle

p.129

chromosomes

pole

pole

Fig. 8-7a, p.130

a Cell at InterphaseA diploid cellduplicatesits DNA andprepares formitosis.

Fig. 8-7c, p.130

pair of centrioles

The duplicated chromosomes continue to condense. New microtubules move one of two pairs of centrioles to the opposite side of the nucleus. The nuclear envelope starts to break up.

c Late Prophase

Fig. 8-7e, p.130

e MetaphaseAll of the chromosomes havebecome lined up midwaybetween the spindle poles.At this stage of mitosis, thechromosomes are in theirmost tightly condensed form.

Fig. 8-7f, p.130

Sister chromatids separate asmotor proteins moving alongspindle microtubules dragthem to opposite spindlepoles. Other microtubulespush the poles farther apart.

f Anaphase

Fig. 8-7g, p.130

There are two clusters ofchromosomes, which nowdecondense. Patches ofnew membrane fuse to forma new nuclear envelope.Mitosis is over.

g Telophase

Fig. 8-7h, p.130

After cytoplasmic division,there are two daughtercells. Each is diploid: Itsnucleus has two of eachtype of chromosome, justlike the parent cell.

h Two DaughterCells at Interphase

Fig. 8-8a, p.132

Fig. 8-8a3, p.132

3 The diameter of the contractilering continues to shrink and pull thecell surface inward.

Fig. 8-8b, p.132

Fig. 8-9, p.133

Fig. 8-14, p.137

cell atinterphase

cytoplasmnucleus

prophasetelophase

anaphase metaphase