fighting the war: european theater
DESCRIPTION
Fighting the war: European Theater. D-Day, June 6, 1944. U.S. + British plan to attack Axis from west Dwight D. Eisenhower: Supreme Allied Commander in Europe; led invasion on D-Day Aug. 25, 1944: Paris liberated Allied victory over Europe, May 8, 1945. US Soldiers landing on Omaha Beach. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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FIGHTING THE WAR: EUROPEAN THEATER
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D-Day, June 6, 1944
• U.S. + British plan to attack Axis from west
• Dwight D. Eisenhower: Supreme Allied Commander in Europe; led invasion on D-Day
• Aug. 25, 1944: Paris liberated
• Allied victory over Europe, May 8, 1945
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US Soldiers landing on Omaha Beach
Going over the top D-Day
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V-E Day
• By 1945, Soviets surround Berlin
• Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945
• Germany signs an unconditional surrender on May 7, 1945
• V-E Day—Victory in Europe—May 8, 1945
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Liberating the Camps
• Disturbing Pictures to follow…
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FIGHTING THE WAR: PACIFIC THEATER
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Japanese empire• By early 1942, Japan
controlled– Hong Kong, French
Indochina (Vietnam), Malaya, Burma, Thailand, parts of China
– Formosa (Taiwan), Dutch East Indies, Guam, Wake Island, Solomon Islands, other islands
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Japan Captures Philippines
• U.S. surrenders Philippines to Japan April 1942
• Bataan Death March: forced march of American and Filipino POWs to POW camp– Japanese war atrocities
• Douglas MacArthur: Supreme Allied Cmdr of Pacific theater; told Filipinos: “I shall return”
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US/Allied Strategy
• Reclaim the Pacific• Island-Hopping: conquer one island, clear it,
use it as base of operations for next island• Why is this the best strategy for the Pacific?• What problems might arise?
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Japanese Strategy
• War of attrition: Bleed the enemy dry• Dig into island, build underground bunker, use
heavy artillery + suicide attacks– Jap. use kamikaze (“divine wind”) suicide pilots
loaded with explosives• Where have you seen this strategy before?
Where will you see it again? Why do you think?
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Kamikaze Aftermath
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Key Battles
• Bombing Raid of Tokyo (April 1942)• Battle of Coral Sea (May 1942):
– Prevented Jap. advance to Australia• Battle of Midway (June 1942)
– Turning point: prevented Jap. advance to Hawaii, Jap. on defensive for rest of war
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Key Battles
• Guadalcanal (Aug 1942-Feb. 1943): Jap. first defeat on land
• Leyte Gulf (Oct 1944): US reclaim Philippines; • Iwo Jima (Feb. –March 1945): Strategic air
access to Japan• Okinawa (April-June 1945): Last Jap.
defensive spot
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MacArthur Returns to Philippines
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Why is this such an iconic picture?
US marines raising the flag on Iwo-Jima
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The End is in Sight…
• May 1945 Allied forces plan Operation Olympic, the invasion of Japan itself in Nov.
• US planners feared casualty estimates of one million!
• Japan was desperate but unwilling to surrender!
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BTW…
• FDR dead• Truman sworn in
– Inherits difficult decision….
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Manhattan Project
• Purpose: to build an atomic bomb• Scientists, military ppl and civilian
policymakers all had doubts on using bomb• Truman warned Japan: “prompt and utter
destruction” if it doesn’t surrender• Victory over Japan: Sept. 2, 1945
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“Little Boy” and “Fat Man” Unleashed
• August 6, 1945- Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945 - Nagasaki• Killed approx.
110,000 Japanese • Injured 130,000• By 1950, another
230,000 Japanese had died from injuries or radiation
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VJ Day
• August 14, 1945 - Japan accepts unconditional surrender
• Celebration parties erupt throughout every allied country!
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The End
• September 2, 1945 - Formal Japanese surrender ceremony on board the USS MISSOURI
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Most Destructive War in Human History
• European infrastructure destroyed due to targeting civilians
• Millions of death, more than last 300 years of war combined
• US & USSR are WORLD Powers
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AFTER THE WAR: REBUILDING THE WORLD
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Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945)
• Big Three: (Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin) to decide fate of post-war Ger.
• Estab. United Nations (international peacekeeping)
• Discussed strategy for Jap. defeat
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Eleanor Roosevelt with Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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Potsdam Conference (July-Aug. 1945)
• Demilitarized, disarmed Germany under four zones of Allied occupation
• Issues ultimatum to Jap. for unconditional surrender
• Revision of German-Soviet-Polish borders
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Identify three changes in the map pre- and post-WWII.
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New Opportunities
• Economy: Industry, farming and wages are all on the rise.
• Population: War jobs and military allowed people more social mobility.
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Veterans Come Home
• Marriages skyrocket pre-war; divorces rise post-war.
• GI Bill of Rights: Education and training for veterans.
• Many women lose jobs.