Filed Training Courses in the Tropics: Natural History or Global Change Issues?

Kanehiro KitayamaCenter for Ecological Research, Kyoto

Field training courses

• DIWPA International Field Biology Course (1995- )

• JSPS Asia Africa Science Platform Program (2007- 2009)

• Kyoto Univ. “Pocket Seminar” Summer Field Course (2005- ) Undergraduate course,1 semester class and a summer field work

DIWPA International Field-Biology Courses

Pasoh (Malaysia), Baikal (Russia), Lambir (Malaysia)Yakushima (Japan), Cape Tribulation (Australia)

Halimun 4 times (Indonesia), Lake Biwa 2 times (Japan), Pacific islands 4 times, Kinabalu (Malaysia)

・Promoting DIWPA-IBOY (Internat’l

biodiversity observation year)

・Establishing a database・Fostering young scientists/seeding projects・Annual Internat’l

Field Biology Course

・Internat’l

symposium for education and dissemination

Promoting biodiversity research in Western Pacific and Asia

DIWPA: DIVERSITAS in Western Pacific and Asia

Chariperson (Tohru Nakasizuka) and 14 members of Steering Committee

Organization of DIWPA

Charters

Secretary Office C/o Center for Ecological ResearchKyoto University

Steering Committee

400 members from 41 countries

DIWPA-IBOY （２００１）Promoting standardized sampling & monitoring

with common traps and designs

Forest ecosystemsFresh water ecosystems

Coastal marine ecosystemsIsland ecosystems (PABITRA)

Protocol manuals

IBOY:Study of Ecosystem Functions

with the Sym-biosphere Concept(Web of living things)

Among-site comparison, but without a clear unifying hypothesis to test

Forest ecosystems

PlantsInsectsMammalsBirdsSoil fauna

Ecosystem processesProductivityDecompositionNutrient dynamics

DIWPA-IBOY Core Sites (Complete set of observations)

Sampling methods; Invertebrate

Light trap Malaise trap Window trap

Bark sprayingPitfall trap Canopy knockdown

Slide by Prof. M. Toda

Database Database

Networks

Networks

Field Station

BiologicalInformation

Collections ofSpecimens

Biodiversity researchersMonitoring

Net

wor

ks

Info

rmat

ion

Specimens

Reference collection

Refe

renc

e sy

stem

Information

A network of research stations

Slide by Prof. M. Toda

Purposes of DIWPA IFBC

• To draw the interests of, and foster young researchers in field science

• To test instruments for IBOY• To teach techniques for IBOY• Campaign thru IBOY sites

DIWPA IFBC

• Collaboration of ecologists and taxonomists for IBOY

• Biodiversity (taxonomy and natural history) oriented

• One course consists of field and laboratory techniques and identification (14-30 days)

• Various natural ecosystems• Host country and a central supporting

grant (Japan)

Field Techniques

Laboratory techniques

Database Training Course

BIWA

Underwater

Stone-unit survey

IBOY

Officially ended in 2003

DIWPA-IBOY database (Specimen database)

User access level Data disclosure levelAdministrator

RUUSManagerMember1Member2

JPTOManagerMember1Member2

MYKPManagerMember1Member2

Guest1Guest2

ID No.Password

RUUSSite

JPTO

IBOY

MYKPGuest

Data input and editing

Data observation and downloadSlide by Prof. M. Toda

Financial sources-DIVER-JST Project-21 COE

Pros and cons of DIWPA IFBC and IBOY

Positive• Successful in educating many young researchers• Collaboration of taxonomy and ecology• Capacity building in natural history (long-lasted motivation

to continue IFBC)

Negative• Lacked a clear hypothesis to test (ecologists lost the

motivation to continue IFBC)• Academically too challenging (i.e. taxonomy needs a

long time)• Institutional barriers

The Impacts of LandThe Impacts of Land--Use/LandUse/Land--Cover in Cover in AmazoniaAmazonia

onon HydrometeorologicalHydrometeorological

Processes at Different Spatial and Temporal ScalesProcesses at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales

RoniRoni

AvissarAvissar Rutgers UniversityRutgers University

LBA

LBA

Global change and deforestation

Houghton, unpublished

Carbon Emissions from Tropical DeforestationP

g C

yr-1

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.8018

50

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

AfricaLatin AmericaS. & SE Asia

Anthropogenic C Emissions: Land Use Change

SUM

2000-20061.5 Pg C y-1(16% total emissions)

Borneo Vegetation Map 2005 by WWF

Lowland tropical rain forests in Borneo,studied by ecosystem ecologists

Kinabalu sedimentaryKinabalu ultrabasic

Tawau volcanic

Lambir sedimentary

Palung sedimentarygranite

Central Kalimantan Peat Swamp

Deramakot sedimentary

PUSREHUT, Samarinda

Central Kalimantan Heath Forest

-International seminar-Collaborative research-Capacity building

2007-2009

Global Change Research of the Ministry of Environments F071

Sustainable management of tropical production forests through the incorporation of carbon sequestration and biodiversity

conservation into the forest certification system

JSPS

Deramakot,Sabah, Malaysia

Data by Hiromitsu Samejima

Field Biology CourseSummer 2009

Endangered wildlife relying on degraded forests

Effects of drought and logging on ecosystem C (FSYSC)

Year

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

Ecos

ytem

car

bon

(gC

/m2 )

26000

28000

30000

32000

34000

36000BaselineDrought w/ 2.6% mortalityDrought and loggingLogging

Warming only

DroughtSelective logging (common)

Drought and logging (business as usual)

Dynamics of carbon in “a” Bornean rain forest: CENTURY model prediction

K. Kitayama (unpublished)

Baseline problemsC

arbo

n de

nsity

Prov. Kalimantan Barat

Sela

t Mak

assa

r

Laut Jawa

Peta Liputan Lahan Nasional Pulau Kalimantan

¶

Legenda

RawaSemak dan BelukarSawahTubuh Air (Danau / Waduk / Sungai / Laut)Lahan TerbukaPadang Rumput / Alang-alang / Savana

Awan dan bayanganHutan Lahan BasahHutan Lahan KeringLadangPerairan Darat (Tambak)PerkebunanPermukiman

Laut Cina Selatan

Prov. Kalimantan Tengah

Prov. Kalimantan Timur

Prov. KalimantanSelatan

Borneo Sustainability ForumSharing a common scenario to develop policies

(Ecosystem ecology and land-use)

http://diwpa.ecology.kyoto-u.ac.jp/index.htm

Global Change Res. F071 ProjectJSPS Asia-Africa Platform Project

IndonesiaMalaysiaBruneiJapan

Forest ecosystems

Above net production 0.96

Wood production 0.40

Wood 21.8

Root 4.7

0.33

Soil C 6.15

0.76

Grazing

0.009

Litter 0.56

MicrobialSocial issue

as a unifying theme

Educating young researchers to raise prediction power and observation capacity

to develop policies for a sustainable society