Instructional TechnologyEDT 1303

InstructorSir Mohd Shukri bin Nordin

Presenters Suhaila bt Nazeri (1519856) Fairuz Syafiqah bt Mohd Faudzi (1413656) Awatif bt Abdul Razak @ Mohamed (1516876) Mursyidah Amani bt Mohamed Fadzli (1514940)

FILM : The First Revolution

Chapter 5

FILM: The First Revolution by Suhaila Nazeri is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

THE MOTION PICTURE

One of the 1st electric driven instructional technology that was

projected to revolutionize teaching.

United States and Europe

1910-1929

United States

Bell & HowellVictor AnimatographFox FilmsKodak Eastman

The output of silent educational film

Late 1920s

Introduction ofSound Movies

&The Great

Depression

Educational Film Industry

Sound Motion Picture Industry

Non-curriculum relateddocumentary film industry

and production of films

1920s & 1930s

Emergence of nationaland large corporate film

production units

1920s & 1930s

Education authorities createdAUDIOVISUAL UNITS toassist school’s use of film.

1930s

Distribution NetworksFilm Libraries

Film Consultants

The advent of World War II, ‘educational’ film making grew significantly.

….Propaganda

Most school had access tovariety of excellent films.

1950s & 1960s

MOTION PICTURE

TECHNOLOGY

16-mm projector

However

Challenges

1 It needs a darkened room

It is too heavy for female teachers2

Relatively expensive3

The film were manually threaded4

5 It cannot be paused

6 Teachers cannot use the movie for his own lessons

7

8Teachers need to use film within existing teaching periods

9Perception: Films were entertainment

Solutions• Get appropriate films for the

teachers• Help them to use the films• Provide opportunity for teachers

and pre-service trainees to acquire a license to operate the projector

TEACHER USAGE OF FILM

• Use film as a supplementary aid • Film as an entertainment tool

“…after almost 40 years of experience with motion pictures in schools the evidence, flawed as it is, suggests most teachers

used films infrequently in classroom”

(Cuban, 1986, p.17)

Late 1990s• Emergence of quality data projectors

1960s• Super 8mm format, associated

cameras, sound projectors • Before Computer Software opened

the world to all

ReferenceLee, M. & Winzenried, A. (2009). The use of instructional technology in schools. Retrieved from

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/fdernrrw4kijt6u/AAAdPY7kzFPus1yWDr4h Tnyia?oref=e&n=409064162#