film (the first revolution)
TRANSCRIPT
FILMThe First Revolution
By:Nurul Amirah Bt Amizan
Nur Musfirah Bt Ahmad JamuliNurhidayah Adilla Bt Abdul Rahman
Wan Madihah Bt Wan Moktar
Mr Shukri Nordin
Powerpoint by Nurul Amirah Amizan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
FILM
•Movie, motion picture or photoplay
Motion Picture
•First electric-driven instructional technologies that was projected to revolutionise teaching •Offered teacher NEW teaching aid
How Films developed from early 19th Century
to late 19th century
Emergence of Albeit-silent educational film industry
1910-1929
US
EUROPE
BELL AND HOWELL
VICTOR ANIMATOGRAPH
EDISON FILM LIBRARY
PATHESCOPE COMPANY
KODAK EASTMAN
FOX FILMS
HOWEVER…
The Great Depression1920
Sound movie was introduced
Documentary that does not tied to the curriculum
1920-1930
Many education authorities created audiovisual unit
1930
1950-1960
Challenges
Need darkened room
Heavy and cumbersome
Expensive
Manually threaded
Teachers could not create their own
lesson
Difficulties to show a part of the film
The perception of teachers
FILM AS TEACHER USAGE
IN CLASSROOM
Very limited
Vary the teacher’s style of teaching
Entertainment tool
The film used in classroom
was minuscule
“After almost forty years of experience with motion pictures in schools the evidence , flawed as it is , suggests most teachers used films infrequently in classrooms”
(Cuban,1986,p.17)
So, what makes film applicable as
teaching aid?
Before the computer software
existed …….
Associated camera
Sound projector
Editing equipment
How to support the Film
Industry as Educational
Tool?
Wholeheartedly embracing the technology
1
School gives more consideration in using film as tool
2
Moving picture industry to
‘provide’ film for schools
3
REFERENCESLee, M., & Winzenried, A. (2009). The use of
instructional technology in schools lessons to be learned. Camberwell, Vic.: ACER Press.