final 2010 census and american community survey subjects notebook

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U S C E N S U S B U R E A U

Subjects Planned for the 2010 Censusand American Community SurveyFederal Legislative and Program Uses

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU


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U S C E N S U S B U R E A U


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2010 DECENNIAL CENSUS PROGRAM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................vii

B. 2010 CENSUS

Age..........................................................................................................................2Gender ....................................................................................................................4Hispanic Origin ........................................................................................................6Race........................................................................................................................8Relationship...........................................................................................................10Tenure...................................................................................................................12

C. AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY

Basic CharacteristicsAge.............................................. 16Gender ........................................ 18Hispanic Origin ............................ 20Race............................................ 22Relationship................................. 24

Social CharacteristicsMarital Status............................... 26Fertility......................................... 28Grandparents as Caregivers........ 30Ancestry ...................................... 32Place of Birth, Citizenship, and

Year of Entry............................ 34

Language Spoken at Home......... 36Educational Attainment and

School Enrollment ................... 38Residence 1 Year Ago................. 40Veteran Status and Period of

Military Service ........................ 42Disability ...................................... 44

Economic CharacteristicsIncome......................................... 46Food Stamps Benefit ................... 48

Labor Force Status .............................50Industry, Occupation, and Class

of Worker.......................................52Place of Work and Journey to Work ...54Work Status Last Year........................56Vehicles Available...............................58

Physical CharacteristicsYear Structure Built ............................60Units in Structure................................62Year Moved Into Unit..........................64Rooms ................................................66Bedrooms...........................................68

Kitchen Facilities.................................70Plumbing Facilities..............................72House Heating Fuel............................74Telephone Service Available ............. 76Farm Residence .................................78

Financial CharacteristicsTenure ................................................80Value ..................................................82Rent....................................................84Selected Monthly Owner Costs ..........86

D. NEW FOR THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEYHealth Insurance Coverage.................................................................................. 90Marital History....................................................................................................... 92VA Service-Connected Disability Rating............................................................... 94

E. SUBJECT IN THE 2000 CENSUS BUT NOT PLANNED FOR THE AMERICANCOMMUNITY SURVEYYears of Military Service........................................................................................99


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A. INTRODUCTION


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Submission of Subjects for the 2010 Decennial Census Program

Section 141 (f) of the Census Act requires that not later than 3 years before the next census,the subjects to be included on that census be submitted to Congress. The contents of thisnotebook describe the subjects that will be asked on the 2010 Census and the American

Community Survey, including proposed new subjects, as well as the subject that will bedropped because it is no longer required by federal agencies.

The Census Act also requires that not later than two years before the Census date, thequestions to be included in the next census be submitted to Congress. A document thatmeets that requirement for the 2010 Decennial Census will be submitted to Congress byMarch 31, 2008.

In advance of providing the subjects to be included on the next census to Congress, the U.S.Census Bureau asked federal agencies to provide information on their data needs, so thatonly necessary data are collected, as opposed to data that could be acquired by other

means. The Office of Management and Budget facilitates the process to validate currentuses of census data, determine unnecessary subjects and questions, and identify newsubjects for which questions are required.

2010 Census Plans

Census 2000 included a short form to collect basic information used for reapportionment andredistricting, and a long form sent to approximately 1 in 6 households that was designed tocollect detailed information used to distribute fiscal resources under a wide array of federal,state, local, and tribal programs. The 2010 Census will be a short form only census.

Decoupling the short form and long form allows the Census Bureau to focus efforts on theconstitutional requirements to produce a count of the resident population, employ technologyto improve efficiencies, improve accuracy, and reduce costs. Since 2005, the long form datahave been collected annually on the American Community Survey. This innovation providesmore current, detailed information than has ever been available before. Responses to theAmerican Community Survey, like its predecessor, the decennial census long form, aremandatory.

The 2010 Decennial Census Program is the only data-gathering effort that collects the sameinformation from enough people to produce comparable data for every geographic arearecognized by the Census Bureau. It builds on the successful data collection efforts of past

censuses. In addition, it moves the nation forward to a new era that will have the advantageof more current and timely census data than ever before to measure its performance,identify its needs, and chart its course.

INTRODUCTION


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B. 2010 CENSUS


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AGEasked since 1800

MEETING FEDERAL NEEDS

Age is central for any number of federal programs that target funds or services to children,working-age adults, women of childbearing age, or the older population. The Department ofEducation uses census age data in its formula for allotment to states. Under the Voting Rights

Act, the data on population of voting age are required for legislative redistricting. TheDepartment of Veterans Affairs uses age to develop its mandated state projections on the needfor hospitals, nursing homes, cemeteries, domiciliary services, and other benefits for veterans.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

EducationCounties and school districts are allotted

funds based on age data. These fundsprovide resources and services toimprove the education of economicallydisadvantaged children and children withdisabilities.

Locations where new schools areneeded, as well as the required gradelevels (elementary, middle, or highschool) are identified using data aboutage.

GovernmentData presenting the voting-agepopulation are used by states to meetlegislative redistricting requirements.

Planners at all levels of governmentforecast the need for highways,hospitals, health services, and retirementhomes by using age data.

EmploymentData about age are used to target

veterans for job training programs.

Equal employment opportunities areenforced using data about age.

Social ServicesAge data are used to forecast the numberof people eligible for Social Security andMedicare benefits.

Under the Older Americans Act, age dataare part of the formula used to allocatefunds for services to seniors with lowincomes.


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AGEasked since 1800

SELECTED STATUTORY USES

EDUCATION .......................................................... Individuals With Disabilities Education Act[20 U.S.C. 1411(e), Chapter 33, Subchapter II],

Vocational and Technical Education Assistance to the States

[20 U.S.C. 2321(a)(2)(A), (B), & (C) and 2372(a)],School-to-Work Opportunities Act

[20 U.S.C. 6145 & 6177,Chapter 69, Subchapter II-Part B and Subchapter III]

EEOC ....................................................................... Age Discrimination and Employment Act[29 U.S.C. 623 & 633; 29 CFR 1625.7(c)]

HHS......................................................................................................... Older Americans Act[42 U.S.C. 3002(28)-(30), 3025(a)(1)(E) & (2)(E), and 3026(a)(1)],

Public Health Service Act

[42 U.S.C. 254b(b)(3)(A) & (B), 254e(b) & (d) & 254f-1],Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)[42 U.S.C. 8629(a) & (b)(2), and 8622(11)]

HUD..................................................Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program[42 U.S.C. 5302(a)(6)(D)(iv)]

JUSTICE ................................................... Voting Rights Act-Bilingual Election Requirements[42 U.S.C. 1973aa-1a; 28 CFR Part 55],

Civil Rights Act (Unlawful Employment Practices)[42 U.S.C. 2000e-2]

LABOR............................................................................... Workforce Investment Act of 1998[P.L. 105-220, Sec. 182(a)]

VA ...............................................................................State Projections of Veteran Population[38 U.S.C. 8131(1) & 8134(a)(2)],

Veterans Benefits Improvement Act[38 U.S.C. 317 & 318, Chapter 3],

Disabled Veterans Outreach Program[38 U.S.C. 4103A(a)(1), Chapter 41]

Note: These statutory useswere last confirmed in 2002. Work is underway with other Federal agencies to

develop a comprehensive list of the most current statutory usessupporting each 2010 Census and AmericanCommunity Survey question. An updated list will be included in the March 2008 submission of Questions

Planned for the 2010 Census and American Community Survey.


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GENDER asked since 1790


Census data about gender are critical because so many federal programs must differentiatebetween males and females. The Departments of Education and Health and Human Servicesare required by statute to use these data to fund, implement, and evaluate various social and

welfare programs, such as the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, andChildren (WIC) or the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP). Laws topromote equal employment opportunity for women also require census data on gender. TheDepartment of Veterans Affairs must use census data to develop its state projections ofveterans' facilities and benefits.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

PlanningState and local planners analyze socialand economic characteristics of malesand females to predict future needs forhousing, education, childcare, health,transportation, and employment.

EmploymentData about gender are used to evaluateemployment practices under the CivilRights Act.

The Equal Employment OpportunityCommission, using data about gender,establishes and evaluates guidelinesdealing with equal employmentopportunity.

EducationData about gender are used to allocatefunds to institutions of higher learningthat increase participation, particularly ofminority women, in scientific andengineering programs under the HigherEducation Act.

Social ServicesAt the state and county levels, dataabout gender are used to allocate fundsfor food, health care services, andclasses in meal planning to low-incomewomen with children.

HousingData about gender are used to evaluatehousing policies and practices under theCivil Rights Act.


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SELECTEDSTATUTORY USES

EDUCATION ...........................................................................................Higher Education Act

[20 U.S.C. 1067a(b), 1067k(2), & (5)]

EEOC ................................................. Federal Affirmative Action Plans [5 U.S.C. 7201(a)(1)],Civil Rights Act [42 U.S.C. 2000e-16(b)(1) and

42 U.S.C. 2000e-2; 29 CFR 1607.4]

FCC ............................................................................................ Communications Act of 1934[47 U.S.C. 151 & 245]

HHS........................................................................................................ Older Americans Act,[42 U.S.C. 3002(28)-(30),

3025(a)(1)(E) & (2)(E), and 3026(a)(1)]Public Health Service Act

[42 U.S.C. 254b(b)(3)(A) & (B), 254e(b) & (d), & 254f-1],Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)

[42 U.S.C. 8629(a) & (b)(2), and 8622(11)]

HUD........................................................................................National Affordable Housing Act[42 U.S.C 12705(b)(1); 24 CFR 91.205(a)]

JUSTICE .......................................................................................................... Civil Rights Act(Prohibition Against Discrimination in Housing, Education,

Employment, and Federally Assisted Programs)[42 U.S.C. 1975c and 42 U.S.C. 2000c-2, d, & e]

VA ..............................................................................State Projections of Veteran Population[38 U.S.C. 8131 (1) & 8134(a)(2)]

Veterans Benefits Improvement Act[38 U.S.C. 317 & 318, Chapter 3]





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HISPANIC ORIGIN asked since 1970


Hispanic origin is used in numerous programs and is vital in making policy decisions. Thesedata are needed to determine compliance with provisions of antidiscrimination in employmentand minority recruitment legislation. Under the Voting Rights Act, data about Hispanic origin are

essential to ensure enforcement of bilingual election rules. Hispanic Origin classifications usedby the Census Bureau and other federal agencies meet the requirements of standards issued bythe Office of Management and Budget in 1997 (Revisions to the Standards for the Classificationof Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity). These standards set forth guidance for statisticalcollection and reporting on race and ethnicity used by all federal agencies.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Social ServicesUnder the Public Health Service Act,Hispanic origin is one of the factors usedin identifying segments of the populationwho may not be getting needed medicalservices.

GovernmentThe Voting Rights Act ensures equalityin voting. Compliance of local

jurisdictions is monitored using countsof the voting-age population by nationalorigin.

EmploymentData about Hispanic origin are used tomonitor and enforce equal employment

opportunities under the Civil Rights Act.


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EEOC .................................................................................... Federal Affirmative Action Plans[5 U.S.C. 7201(a)(1)],

Civil Rights Act

[42 U.S.C. 2000e-16(b)(1) and 42 U.S.C. 2000e-2; 29 CFR 1607.4]

FEDERAL RESERVE.................................................Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975[12 U.S.C. 2809(a)]

HHS......................................................................................................... Older Americans Act[42 U.S.C. 3002(28)-(30), 3025(a)(1)(E) & (2)(E), and 3026(a)(1), 3027(a)(8)],

Public Health Service Act[42 U.S.C. 254b(b)(3)(A) & (B), 254e(b) & (d), & 254f-1],

Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)[42 U.S.C. 8629(a) & (b)(2), and 8622(11)]

HUD....................................................................................... National Affordable Housing Act[42 U.S.C. 12705(b)(1); 24CFR 91.205(a)]


Civil Rights Act (Prohibition Against Discrimination in Housing, Education,Employment, and Federally Assisted Programs)

[42 U.S.C. 1975c & U.S.C.2000c-2, d, & e]

USDA ....................................................................................... Nutrition Education Program[7 U.S.C. 3175(c)(2)(B)(ii)]

VA .................................................................................Veterans Benefits Improvement Act[38 U.S.C. 317 & 318, Chapter 3]





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RACE asked since 1790


Race is key to implementing any number of federal laws and is a critical factor in the basicresearch behind numerous policies. Race data are required by federal programs promotingequal employment opportunity and are needed to assess racial disparities in health and access

to care, among other uses. Racial classifications used by the Census Bureau and other federalagencies meet the requirements of standards issued by the Office of Management and Budgetin 1997 (Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race andEthnicity). These standards set forth guidance for statistical collection and reporting on raceand ethnicity used by all federal agencies.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Education

Under Title 20, race is used as part ofthe formula to fund programs that fosterequal opportunity through post-secondary education for AfricanAmericans. This is achieved by fundingprograms at historically Black collegesand universities in professional andacademic areas where AfricanAmericans are underrepresented insociety.

EmploymentRace, under the Civil Rights Act, is usedto assess fairness of employmentpractices.

Social Services

For the Public Health Service Act, raceis a key factor in identifying segments ofthe population who may not be receivingneeded medical services.

GovernmentStates require data about the racialmake-up of the voting-age population tomeet legislative redistricting require-ments.

Data about race are needed to monitorcompliance with the Voting Rights Actby local jurisdictions.


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EDUCATION ........................................ Higher Education Resources and Student Assistance[20 U.S.C. 1057 et seq., 1062a(4), 1063(c),1063b(e)(2)(a), Chapter 28, Subchapter III],

School-to-Work Opportunities Act[20 U.S.C. 6145 & 6177,

Chapter 69, Subchapter II-Part B and Subchapter III]

EEOC ................................................. Federal Affirmative Action Plans [5 U.S.C. 7201(a)(1)],Civil Rights Act

[42 U.S.C. 2000e-2 and42 U.S.C. 2000e-16(b)(1); 29 CFR 1607.4]

FEDERAL RESERVE ................................................Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975[12 U.S.C. 2809(a)]


Public Health Service Act[42 U.S.C. 254b(b)(3)(A) & (B), 254e(b) & (d) & 254f-1],

Indian Health Care Improvement Act (P.L. 94-437)[25 U.S.C. 1621(b)(2), 1621(e)(1) & (2), and 1621o]

HUD..................................................Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program[42 U.S.C. 5306(a)(1); 24 CFR 1003.101],

National Affordable Housing Act

[42 U.S.C. 12705 (b)(1); 24 CFR 91.205(a)]


Civil Rights Act (Prohibition Against Discrimination in Housing,Education, Employment, and Federally Assisted Programs)

[42 U.S.C. 1975c and 42 U.S.C. 2000c-2, d, & e],Legislative Redistricting [13 U.S.C. 141(c)]

USDA .......................................................................................... Nutrition Education Program[7 U.S.C. 3175(c)(2)(B)(ii)]

VA ............................................Veterans Benefits Program [38 U.S.C. 317 & 318, Chapter 3]

Note: These statutory useswere last confirmed in 2002. Work is underway with other Federal agencies todevelop a comprehensive list of the most current statutory usessupporting each 2010 Census and American

Community Survey question. An updated list will be included in the March 2008 submission of Questions



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RELATIONSHIP asked since 1880


HHS...................................................................................................................Head Start Act

[42 U.S.C. 9835(a)],Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)

[42 U.S.C. 8622 & 8623],Older Americans Act

[42 U.S.C. 3002, 3026(a)(1)]

HUD.........................................................................National Affordable Housing Act of 1990 /HOME Investment Partnerships Program

[42 U.S.C. 12747]


Community Survey question. An updated list will be included in the March 2008 submission of QuestionsPlanned for the 2010 Census and American Community Survey.


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TENURE asked since 1890


Tenure (whether a home is owned or rented) is the most basic feature of the housing inventory.Homeownership rates have served as an indicator of the nation's economy for decades. Thedata are an integral component of the formula used by the Department of Housing and Urban

Development to establish Fair Market Rents and also are essential for the Federal HousingAuthority's mortgage insurance program. The Department of Health and Human Services isrequired to profile the housing tenure of Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program(LIHEAP) households. The Bureau of Economic Analysis uses this information along with othercensus data to prepare the value of housing services for the National Income and ProductAccounts. This information is used to assess the costs of utilities based on the type of homeownership. Tenure also is used in calculating homeownership vacancy rates and rental vacancyrates that federal and local agencies use to evaluate the overall viability of local housingmarkets.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

PlanningLocal planners use data on tenure toassess neighborhood stability.Generally, higher owner-occupancyrates are considered to be a goodindicator of neighborhood stability sinceowners have considerable long-terminvestments in their homes.

HousingTenure is one of the integral componentsused by the Department of Housing andUrban Development to establish FairMarket Rents for different localitiesthroughout the country. This informationis used to allocate Section 8 and otherfederal housing program subsidies thatassist American families to afforddecent, safe, and sanitary housing.

BankingData on tenure are used to distributefunds for mortgage insurance, for rentalhousing in urban renewal areas, and fornational defense housing.

The Federal Reserve Board uses thedata to determine whether financialinstitutions are meeting the credit needsof race and Hispanic origin groups inlow and moderate-income neighbor-hoods.

TransportationThe Federal Highway Administrationallocates funds for public transportationservices for elderly and handicappedpeople based in part on proportions ofhomes rented, since renters are morelikely to use public transportation.


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TENURE asked since 1890


COMMERCE .............................Statistical Information for the Transaction of Public Business[15 U.S.C. 1516]

HHS...............................................Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)[42 U.S.C. 8624(b)(8)],

Community Services Block Grant Act[42 U.S.C. 9902(2)]

HUD.............................................................................................National Affordable Housing[42 U.S.C. 12705],

Low Income Housing[42 U.S.C. 1437f(c)(i)],

Fair Market Rents

[42 U.S.C. 1437],Allocation of Housing Funds[42 U.S.C. 1439(d)(1)(a)(i)]





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NOTES


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C. AMERICANCOMMUNITY

SURVEY


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AGE asked since 1800


Age is central for any number of federal programs that target funds or services to children,working-age adults, women of childbearing age, or the older population. The Department ofEducation uses census age data in its formula for allotment to states. Under the Voting Rights

Act, the data on population of voting age are required for legislative redistricting. TheDepartment of Veterans Affairs uses age to develop its mandated state projections on the needfor hospitals, nursing homes, cemeteries, domiciliary services, and other benefits for veterans.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

EducationCounties and school districts are allotted

funds based on age data. These fundsprovide resources and services toimprove the education of economicallydisadvantaged children and children withdisabilities.

Locations where new schools areneeded, as well as the required gradelevels (elementary, middle, or highschool) are identified using data aboutage.

GovernmentData presenting the voting-agepopulation are used by states to meetlegislative redistricting requirements.

Planners at all levels of governmentforecast the need for highways,hospitals, health services, and retirementhomes by using age data.

EmploymentData about age are used to target

veterans for job training programs.

Equal employment opportunities areenforced using data about age.

Social ServicesAge data are used to forecast the numberof people eligible for Social Security andMedicare benefits.

Under the Older Americans Act, age dataare part of the formula used to allocatefunds for services to seniors with lowincomes.


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AGEasked since 1800


EDUCATION .......................................................... Individuals With Disabilities Education Act[20 U.S.C. 1411(e), Chapter 33, Subchapter II],

Vocational and Technical Education Assistance to the States

[20 U.S.C. 2321(a)(2)(A), (B), & (C) and 2372(a)],School-to-Work Opportunities Act

[20 U.S.C. 6145 & 6177,Chapter 69, Subchapter II-Part B and Subchapter III]

EEOC ....................................................................... Age Discrimination and Employment Act[29 U.S.C. 623 & 633; 29 CFR 1625.7(c)]



[42 U.S.C. 254b(b)(3)(A) & (B), 254e(b) & (d) & 254f-1],Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)[42 U.S.C. 8629(a) & (b)(2), and 8622(11)]

HUD..................................................Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program[42 U.S.C. 5302(a)(6)(D)(iv)]


Civil Rights Act (Unlawful Employment Practices)[42 U.S.C. 2000e-2]

LABOR............................................................................... Workforce Investment Act of 1998[P.L. 105-220, Sec. 182(a)]

VA ...............................................................................State Projections of Veteran Population[38 U.S.C. 8131(1) & 8134(a)(2)],

Veterans Benefits Improvement Act[38 U.S.C. 317 & 318, Chapter 3],

Disabled Veterans Outreach Program[38 U.S.C. 4103A(a)(1), Chapter 41]





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Census data about gender are critical because so many federal programs must differentiatebetween males and females. The Departments of Education and Health and Human Servicesare required by statute to use these data to fund, implement, and evaluate various social and

welfare programs, such as the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, andChildren (WIC) or the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP). Laws topromote equal employment opportunity for women also require census data on gender. TheDepartment of Veterans Affairs must use census data to develop its state projections ofveterans' facilities and benefits.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

PlanningState and local planners analyze socialand economic characteristics of malesand females to predict future needs forhousing, education, childcare, health,transportation, and employment.

EmploymentData about gender are used to evaluateemployment practices under the CivilRights Act.

The Equal Employment OpportunityCommission, using data about gender,establishes and evaluates guidelinesdealing with equal employmentopportunity.

EducationData about gender are used to allocatefunds to institutions of higher learningthat increase participation, particularly ofminority women, in scientific andengineering programs under the HigherEducation Act.

Social ServicesAt the state and county levels, dataabout gender are used to allocate fundsfor food, health care services, andclasses in meal planning to low-incomewomen with children.

HousingData about gender are used to evaluatehousing policies and practices under theCivil Rights Act.


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EDUCATION ...........................................................................................Higher Education Act[20 U.S.C. 1067a(b), 1067k(2), & (5)]

EEOC ................................................. Federal Affirmative Action Plans [5 U.S.C. 7201(a)(1)],Civil Rights Act [42 U.S.C. 2000e-16(b)(1) and

42 U.S.C. 2000e-2; 29 CFR 1607.4]

FCC ............................................................................................ Communications Act of 1934[47 U.S.C. 151 & 245]

HHS........................................................................................................ Older Americans Act,[42 U.S.C. 3002(28)-(30),

3025(a)(1)(E) & (2)(E), and 3026(a)(1)]

Public Health Service Act[42 U.S.C. 254b(b)(3)(A) & (B), 254e(b) & (d), & 254f-1],

Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)[42 U.S.C. 8629(a) & (b)(2), and 8622(11)]

HUD........................................................................................National Affordable Housing Act[42 U.S.C 12705(b)(1); 24 CFR 91.205(a)]

JUSTICE .......................................................................................................... Civil Rights Act(Prohibition Against Discrimination in Housing, Education,

Employment, and Federally Assisted Programs)

[42 U.S.C. 1975c and 42 U.S.C. 2000c-2, d, & e]

VA ..............................................................................State Projections of Veteran Population[38 U.S.C. 8131 (1) & 8134(a)(2)]

Veterans Benefits Improvement Act[38 U.S.C. 317 & 318, Chapter 3]





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Hispanic origin is used in numerous programs and is vital in making policy decisions. Thesedata are needed to determine compliance with provisions of antidiscrimination in employmentand minority recruitment legislation. Under the Voting Rights Act, data about Hispanic origin are

essential to ensure enforcement of bilingual election rules. Hispanic Origin classifications usedby the Census Bureau and other federal agencies meet the requirements of standards issued bythe Office of Management and Budget in 1997 (Revisions to the Standards for the Classificationof Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity). These standards set forth guidance for statisticalcollection and reporting on race and ethnicity used by all federal agencies.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Social ServicesUnder the Public Health Service Act,

Hispanic origin is one of the factors usedin identifying segments of the populationwho may not be getting needed medicalservices.

GovernmentThe Voting Rights Act ensures equality

in voting. Compliance of local jurisdictions is monitored using countsof the voting-age population by nationalorigin.

EmploymentData about Hispanic origin are used tomonitor and enforce equal employmentopportunities under the Civil Rights Act.


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EEOC .................................................................................... Federal Affirmative Action Plans[5 U.S.C. 7201(a)(1)],

Civil Rights Act[42 U.S.C. 2000e-16(b)(1) and 42 U.S.C. 2000e-2; 29CFR1607.4]

FEDERAL RESERVE.................................................Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975[12 U.S.C. 2809(a)]

HHS......................................................................................................... Older Americans Act[42 U.S.C. 3002(28)-(30), 3025(a)(1)(E) & (2)(E), and 3026(a)(1), 3027(a)(8)],

Public Health Service Act[42 U.S.C. 254b(b)(3)(A) & (B), 254e(b) & (d), & 254f-1]

Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)

[42 U.S.C. 8629(a) & (b)(2), and 8622(11)]

HUD....................................................................................... National Affordable Housing Act[42 U.S.C. 12705(b)(1); 24CFR 91.205(a)]


Civil Rights Act (Prohibition Against Discrimination in Housing, Education,Employment, and Federally Assisted Programs)

[42 U.S.C. 1975c & U.S.C.2000c-2, d, & e]

USDA ...................................................................................... Nutrition Education Program[7 U.S.C. 3175(c)(2)(B)(ii)]

VA .................................................................................Veterans Benefits Improvement Act[38 U.S.C. 317 & 318, Chapter 3]




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Race is key to implementing any number of federal laws and is a critical factor in the basicresearch behind numerous policies. Race data are required by federal programs promotingequal employment opportunity and are needed to assess racial disparities in health and access

to care, among other uses. Racial classifications used by the Census Bureau and other federalagencies meet the requirements of standards issued by the Office of Management and Budgetin 1997 (Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race andEthnicity). These standards set forth guidance for statistical collection and reporting on raceand ethnicity used by all federal agencies.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Education

Under Title 20, race is used as part ofthe formula to fund programs that fosterequal opportunity through post-secondary education for AfricanAmericans. This is achieved by fundingprograms at historically Black collegesand universities in professional andacademic areas where AfricanAmericans are underrepresented insociety.

EmploymentRace, under the Civil Rights Act, is usedto assess fairness of employmentpractices.

Social Services

For the Public Health Service Act, raceis a key factor in identifying segments ofthe population who may not be receivingneeded medical services.

GovernmentStates require data about the racialmake-up of the voting-age population tomeet legislative redistricting require-ments.

Data about race are needed to monitorcompliance with the Voting Rights Actby local jurisdictions.


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EDUCATION ........................................ Higher Education Resources and Student Assistance

[20 U.S.C. 1057 et seq., 1062a(4), 1063(c),1063b(e)(2)(a), Chapter 28, Subchapter III],

School-to-Work Opportunities Act[20 U.S.C. 6145 & 6177,

Chapter 69, Subchapter II-Part B and Subchapter III]

EEOC ................................................. Federal Affirmative Action Plans [5 U.S.C. 7201(a)(1)],Civil Rights Act

[42 U.S.C. 2000e-2 and42 U.S.C. 2000e-16(b)(1); 29 CFR 1607.4]

FEDERAL RESERVE ................................................Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975[12 U.S.C. 2809(a)]


Public Health Service Act[42 U.S.C. 254b(b)(3)(A) & (B), 254e(b) & (d) & 254f-1],

Indian Health Care Improvement Act (P.L. 94-437)[25 U.S.C. 1621(b)(2), 1621(e)(1) & (2), and 1621o]

HUD..................................................Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program

[42 U.S.C. 5306(a)(1); 24 CFR 1003.101],National Affordable Housing Act[42 U.S.C. 12705 (b)(1); 24 CFR 91.205(a)]


Civil Rights Act (Prohibition Against Discrimination in Housing,Education, Employment, and Federally Assisted Programs)

[42 U.S.C. 1975c and 42 U.S.C. 2000c-2, d, & e],Legislative Redistricting [13 U.S.C. 141(c)]

USDA .......................................................................................... Nutrition Education Program[7 U.S.C. 3175(c)(2)(B)(ii)]

VA ............................................Veterans Benefits Program [38 U.S.C. 317 & 318, Chapter 3]





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The census subject about relationship is essential for classifying the population into families andother groups. Information about changes in the composition of the American family, from thenumber of people living alone to the number of children living with only one parent, is essential

for planning and carrying out a number of federal programs. Perhaps the most widelyrecognized use of relationship data is in the poverty definition, which is based on incomethresholds that vary by size of family and number of children. In federally funded nutrition andeducation programs, how the money is spent hinges, at least partially, on census data aboutrelationship.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

GovernmentThe Social Security Administration usesdata about relationship for handling anumber of planning issues under the OldAge, Survivors, and Disability Insuranceand the Supplemental Security IncomePrograms.

HousingData about families in poverty are usedto distribute funds for housing to local

governments.

EducationData about relationships are used toallocate funds under Title I to states andcounties to improve the education ofchildren in low-income families.

Social ServicesLocal health agencies plan andadminister programs promoting the well-being of families and children usinginformation on relationship.


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HHS...................................................................................................................Head Start Act[42 U.S.C. 9835(a)],

Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)

[42 U.S.C. 8622 & 8623],Older Americans Act

[42 U.S.C. 3002, 3026(a)(1)]

HUD.........................................................................National Affordable Housing Act of 1990 /HOME Investment Partnerships Program

[42 U.S.C. 12747]





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MARITAL STATUS asked since 1880


Planning and implementing many government programs calls for accurate information on maritalstatus, such as the number of married women in the labor force, elderly widowed individuals, oryoung single people who soon may establish homes of their own. For the Department of

Housing and Urban Development, data about marital status help define qualifying census tractsfor the Low-Income Housing Tax Credits and the Mortgage Revenue Bonds Programs.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Social ServicesData about marital status are used forbudget and resource planning to identify

the number of children needing specialservices (e.g., children in single-parenthouseholds).

Communities use census data aboutmarital status to pinpoint areas with largenumbers of single-parent families andidentify needs for childcare, medicalcare, and other social services.

HousingLocal governments use data aboutmarital status in assessing needs for

housing and other community devel-opment services.

EmploymentCommunity organizations use dataabout marital status to identify needs for

job training and housing for displacedhomemakers.


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MARITAL STATUS asked since 1880


HHS........................................................... Older Americans Act [42 U.S.C. 3002, 3026(a)(1),Voluntary Family Planning Programs [42 U.S.C. 300a-2]





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FERTILITY asked 1900-1910, 1940-1990; asked in the ACS since 1996


The number of children born in the past 12 months is a measure of fertility that is used to projectthe future size of the population, a basic planning tool for agencies of the government. TheDepartment of Health and Human Services uses these data to carry out various programs

required by statute, including determining the need for family planning services within the IndianHealth Service, investigating matters on child welfare in the Children's Bureau, and conductingresearch for voluntary family planning programs.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Social Services

Data about fertility are used to predict

the number of children who will needadoptive homes under the Child WelfareAct.

The Indian Health Service (HHS) usesdata about the number of babies born todetermine the need for family planningservices for its service-eligible pop-ulation.

Information about children born in the

past 12 months is used in research onthe family size of female adolescentsand their actual birth rates in later life.

The National Center for Health Statistics(HHS) computes vital statistics forsubnational areas using data aboutchildren born in the past 12 months.


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FERTILITY asked 1900-1910, 1940-1990; asked in the ACS since 1996


HHS...............................................................................................................Child Welfare Act[42 U.S.C. 192],

Voluntary Family Planning Programs

[42 U.S.C.300a-2],Adolescent Family Life Projects

[42 U.S.C. 300z(1-6)]




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GRANDPARENTS AS CAREGIVERSasked since 2000


This subject was added in 2000 to comply with legislation passed in the 104th Congressrequiring that the decennial census obtain information about grandparents who have primaryresponsibility for the care of their grandchildren. The Department of Health and Human

Services (HHS) uses these data to distinguish households in which a grandparent has primaryresponsibility for a child or children and also uses these data as one of the measures that will beused for the High Performance Bonus awards program under the Temporary Assistance toNeedy Families Program.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

BUSINESSDaycare centers and other businessesuse these data to develop new productsand services for their communities.

GOVERNMENTState and local governments, faith-based and other nonprofit organizations,and businesses use these data to plan,budget, and pay benefits.


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GRANDPARENTS AS CAREGIVERS asked since 2000


HHS ...........................................................................................................Social Security ActPersonal Responsibility and Work Opportunity

Reconciliation Act of 1996 (Welfare Reform 1996)

American Dream Down Payment ActLiving Equitably: Grandparents Aiding Children and Youth Act

Note: These statutory useswere last confirmed in 2002. Work is underway with other Federal agencies todevelop a comprehensive list of the most current statutory usessupporting each 2010 Census and AmericanCommunity Survey question. An updated list will be included in the March 2008 submission of Questions



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ANCESTRY asked since 1980


Ancestry identifies the ethnic origins of the population, and federal agencies regard thisinformation as essential for fulfilling many important needs. Ancestry is required to enforceprovisions under the Civil Rights Act, which prohibits discrimination based upon race, sex,

religion, and national origin. More generally, these data are needed to measure the social andeconomic characteristics of ethnic groups and to tailor services to accommodate culturaldifferences. The Department of Labor draws samples for surveys that provide employmentstatistics and other related information for ethnic groups using ancestry.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Social Services

Data about ancestry assist states andlocal agencies on aging to develophealth care and other services tailoredto meet the language and culturaldiversity of the elderly in these groups.

Under the Public Health Service Act,ancestry is one of the factors used inidentifying segments of the populationwho may not be receiving neededmedical services.

Employment

Data about ancestry are used toevaluate the effectiveness of equalemployment opportunity policies andprograms for different ethnic groupsunder the Civil Rights Act.


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ANCESTRY asked since 1980


HHS......................................................................................................... Older Americans Act[42 U.S.C. 3002 (27)-(30), 3026(a)(1)]

JUSTICE .......................................................................................................... Civil Rights Act[42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.]




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PLACE OF BIRTH asked since 1850CITIZENSHIP asked 1820-1830, 1870, 1890-2000YEAR OF ENTRYasked 1890-1930, 1970-2000


These decennial census subjects provide essential data for setting and evaluating immigrationpolicies and laws. Knowing the characteristics of immigrants helps legislators and othersunderstand how different immigrant groups are assimilated. Federal agencies require thesedata to develop programs for refugees and other foreign born. Vital information on lifetimemigration among states also comes from the place of birth question.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

EducationData are used to allocate funds to publicand private nonprofit organizations toprovide employment resources aimed atmaking the foreign born economicallyself-sufficient.

Social ServicesThese data are used, in conjunction withthe Older Americans Act, to assist states

and local agencies with developinghealth care and other services tailored tothe language and cultural diversity of theforeign-born elderly.

GovernmentThe Department of Homeland Securityuses citizenship data to project staffingand other resource needs for non-citizens to complete the naturalizationprocess.

Under the Voting Rights Act, these dataare required to evaluate voting practicesof governmental subdivisions (e.g.,states, counties, and school districts).

EmploymentData about place of birth and citizenshipare used to evaluate the effectivenessof equal employment opportunitypolicies and programs under the CivilRights Act.


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PLACE OF BIRTH asked since 1850CITIZENSHIP asked 1820-1830, 1870, 1890-2000YEAR OF ENTRY asked 1890-1930, 1970-2000


HHS..................................................................................................Public Health Service Act[42 U.S.C. 254b(b)(3)(A) & (B)]

JUSTICE ................................................... Voting Rights Act-Bilingual Election Requirements[42 U.S.C. 1973aa-1a]




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LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME asked 1890-1940, 1960-2000


Government agencies use information on language spoken at home for their programs thatserve the needs of the foreign born and specifically those who have difficulty with English.Under the Voting Rights Act, language is needed to meet statutory requirements for making

voting materials available in minority languages. Specifically, the Census Bureau is directed,using data about language spoken at home and the ability to speak English, to identify minoritygroups that speak a language other than English and to assess their English-speaking ability.The Department of Education uses these data to prepare a report to Congress on the social andeconomic status of children served by different local school districts.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

EducationData on language are used to allocategrants to school districts for children withlimited English language proficiency.

State and local educational agenciesreceive grants under the Adult EducationAct for programs to improve educationalskills, complete secondary schooling,and provide job training and placement

for adults based on data about language.

Social ServicesState and local agencies concerned withaging develop health care and otherservices tailored to the language andcultural diversity of the elderly under theOlder Americans Act.

GovernmentUnder the Voting Rights Act, these dataare needed to assess the fairness ofvoting practices in governmental

subdivisions.

EmploymentThe Equal Employment OpportunityCommission, using data about languageand ability to speak English, evaluatesemployment practices in private industry.


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LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME asked 1890-1940, 1960-2000


HHS......................................................................................................... Older Americans Act[42 U.S.C. 3002(27)-(30), 3026(a)(1)],


[42 U.S.C. 254b(b)(3)(A) & (B), 254e(b) & (d) & 254f-1]

JUSTICE ................................................... Voting Rights Act-Bilingual Election Requirements[42 U.S.C. 1973aa-1a],

Equal Employment Opportunity Act[42 U.S.C. 2000e]




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EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT asked since 1940SCHOOL ENROLLMENT asked since 1850


Law requires educational attainment and school enrollment data to be used for profiling thesocioeconomic condition of school-age children. Government agencies also require these data

for funding allocations and program planning and implementation. The data are needed todetermine the extent of illiteracy rates of citizens in language minorities in order to meetstatutory requirements under the Voting Rights Act.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

EducationBased on data about educational

attainment, school districts are allocatedfunds to provide classes in basic skills toadults who have not completed highschool.

The Department of Education usesschool enrollment data to develop adulteducation and literacy programs basedon the number of individuals with

GovernmentThe Department of Justice uses school

enrollment data in the enforcement workagainst discrimination in education.

EmploymentEmployers use information about theeducational attainment levels of the laborforce to locate new jobs and stimulateeconomic growth.

limited English proficiency.


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RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO asked in the ACS since 1999


Residence 1 year ago is used to assess the residential stability and the effects of migration inboth urban and rural areas. This item provides information on the mobility of each individual.Knowing the number and characteristics of movers is essential for federal programs dealing with

employment, housing, education, and the elderly. The Department of Veterans Affairs developsits mandated projections of the need for hospitals and other veteran benefits for each state withmigration data about veterans. The Census Bureau develops state age and sex estimates andsmall-area population projections based on data about residence 1 year ago.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Social Services

State and local agencies concerned withaging develop health care and otherservices for the elderly using informationon where people lived one year ago.These data indicate changes in thelocation of seniors that may affect theneed for future services in specific areas.

Local governments use data aboutmigration to forecast the demand for newpublic facilities such as schools,

hospitals, libraries, and fire and policestations.

Government

Planners and policy makers use dataabout in-migration and out-migration toestimate state and county populationgrowth.

Research, based on data about migration,shows changes in the socioeconomicprofiles of areas. The data are used bymany government agencies for programplanning, especially for rural parts of thecountry.


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RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO asked in the ACS since 1999


HHS......................................................................................................... Older Americans Act[42 U.S.C. 3002(27)-(30), 3026(a)(1), 3027(a)(8)]

VA .............................................................................State Projections of Veteran Population/State Home Facilities for Finishing Domiciliary

[38 U.S.C. 8131(1)]





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VETERAN STATUS AND

PERIOD OF MILITARY SERVICE asked 1840, 1890, 1910, 1930-2000


Veteran status, including period of military service, is used primarily by the Department ofVeterans Affairs to measure the needs of veterans and to evaluate the impact of veterans'

programs dealing with education, employment, and health care. These data are needed toconduct policy analysis, program planning, and budgeting for federal veterans' programs and forreports to Congress on state projections of veterans' facilities and services.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Social ServicesAt state and county levels, veteranstatus is used for budgeting and

program planning for medical servicesand nursing home care for veterans.

The Department of Veterans Affairsneeds data about veteran status inplanning the locations and sizes ofveterans cemeteries.

Based on data about veterans, localagencies develop health care and otherservices for elderly veterans under the

Older Americans Act.

For the Public Health Service Act,veteran status is used as one factor to

determine the segments of thepopulation who may not be receivingneeded medical services.

EmploymentData about veteran status are used toallocate funds to states and local areasfor employment and job trainingprograms for veterans.


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VETERAN STATUS AND

PERIOD OF MILITARY SERVICEasked 1840, 1890, 1910, 1930-2000


HHS..................................................................................................Public Health Service Act[42 U.S.C. 290aa]

VA .................................................................State Home Facilities for Furnishing DomiciliaryNursing Home and Hospital Care

[38 U.S.C. 8131(1)],Disabled Veterans Outreach Program

[38 U.S.C. 4103A(a)(1],Rehabilitation Services: Evaluation and Data Collection

[38 U.S.C. 527],State Estimates of Nursing Home Care Needs for Veterans

[38 U.S.C. 8134(a)(1)],Veterans Benefits Improvement Act

[38 U.S.C. 317 and 318]




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DISABILITY asked 1830-1930, 1970-2000


Information on disability is used by a number of federal agencies to distribute funds and developprograms for people with disabilities and the elderly. For example, data about the size,distribution, and needs of the disabled population are essential under the Rehabilitation Act,

which guarantees to qualified people with disabilities full participation and benefits in allprograms that receive federal funding. For the Americans with Disabilities Act, data aboutfunctional limitations are important to ensure that comparable public transportation services areavailable for all segments of the population. Federal grants are awarded, under the OlderAmericans Act, based on the number of elderly people with physical and mental disabilities.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

TransportationDisability data are used to allocate fundsfor mass transit systems to providehandicapped facilities.

Under the Americans with DisabilitiesAct, local transit authorities use thenumber of individuals with functionallimitations in order to ensure publictransportation services are comparableto those for individuals without

disabilities.

HousingThe Housing and Urban DevelopmentAct requires data about disability todistribute funds for housing for peoplewith disabilities.

EmploymentData about people with disabilities areused to allocate funds to states andlocal areas for employment and jobtraining programs for veterans.

Social ServicesUnder the Older Americans Act, thesedata assist state and local agenciesconcerned with aging to develop healthcare and other services tailored to the

disabilities of the elderly.

Disability data are used by state andcounty agencies to plan for eligiblerecipients under the Medicare andMedicaid Programs.


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DISABILITYasked 1830-1930, 1970-2000


HHS......................................................................................................... Older Americans Act[42 U.S.C. 3002 (27)-(30), 3026(a)(1), 3027(a)(8)],

Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)[42 U.S.C. 8629(a)]

VA ................................................................................ Disabled Veterans Outreach Program[38 U.S.C. 4103A(a)(1)]





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INCOMEasked since 1940


Income is a critical decennial census subject, as it is a vital measure of general economiccircumstances. Income data are used to determine poverty status, to measure economic well-being, and to assess the need for assistance. These data are included in federal allocation

formulas for many government programs. These federal programs, such as the SpecialSupplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), use income data from thedecennial census.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Social ServicesUnder the Older Americans Act, funds

for food, health care, and legal servicesare distributed to local agencies basedon data about elderly people with lowincomes.

Data about income at the state andcounty levels are used to allocate fundsfor food, health care, and classes inmeal planning to low-income womenwith children.

EmploymentIncome data are used to identify localareas eligible for grants to stimulateeconomic recovery, run job-trainingprograms, and define areas such asempowerment or enterprise zones.

HousingUnder the Low-Income Home Energy

Assistance Program, income data areused to allocate funds to areas for homeenergy aid.

Under the Community DevelopmentBlock Grant Program, funding forhousing assistance and othercommunity development is based onincome and other decennial censusdata.

EducationData about poor children are used toapportion funds to counties and schooldistricts. These funds provide resourcesand services to improve the educationof economically disadvantaged children.


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INCOMEasked since 1940


FEDERAL RESERVE ...............Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975 [12 U.S.C. 2809(a)],Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 [12 U.S.C. 2901]

HHS........................................................... Older Americans Act [42 U.S.C. 3002, 3026(a)(1],Community Services Block Grant Act [42 U.S.C. 9902(2), Section 673(2)],

9903 & 9910a, Sections 674 & 681A],Head Start Act [42 U.S.C. 9835, Section 640(a)(4)(B)],

Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)[42 U.S.C. 8622, & 8629],

Child Welfare Act [42 U.S.C. 621(c)],Public Health Service Act

[42 U.S.C.254b (b)(3)(A) & (B), 254e(b) & (d), & 254f-1]

HUD............................................................................. Low Income Housing [42 U.S.C. 1437]

Low-Income Housing Tax Credits [26 U.S.C. 42(d)(5)(C)]

USDA .............................................Emergency Community Water Assistance Grant Program[7 U.S.C. 1926a(e)(1)],

Single-Family Rural Housing[42 U.S.C. 1472]




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FOOD STAMPS BENEFIT asked in the ACS since 1996


SSA ................................................................................. Social Security Act, Section 403(a)

HHS......................................................... Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)Public Health Service Act, Section 505

Note: These statutory useswere last confirmed in 2002. Work is underway with other Federal agencies todevelop a comprehensive list of the most current statutory usessupporting each 2010 Census and AmericanCommunity Survey question. An updated list will be included in the March 2008 submission of QuestionsPlanned for the 2010 Census and American Community Survey.


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LABOR FORCE STATUSasked since 1930


Labor force status is key to understanding work and unemployment patterns and the availabilityof workers. Based on labor market areas and unemployment levels, the Department of Laboridentifies service delivery areas and determines amounts to be allocated to each for job training.

The impact of immigration on the economy and job markets is determined partially by laborforce data, and this information is included in required reports to Congress. The Office ofManagement and Budget, under the Paperwork Reduction Act, uses data about employedworkers as part of the criteria for defining metropolitan areas. The Bureau of Economic Analysisuses this information in conjunction with other decennial census data to develop its state percapita income estimates used in the allocation formulas and eligibility criteria of many federalprograms such as Medicaid.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

EmploymentFor local areas with substantialunemployment, labor force data areused to allocate funds and identifyprograms that create new jobs.

Data are used to target state and localareas with a labor force surplus forprograms that promote business

opportunities.

Under the Americans with DisabilitiesAct, data about labor force are neededto evaluate job complaints reported onthe basis of disability.

EducationData are used to identify local areas thatneed education and employment

programs to improve the conditions ofrefugees.


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LABOR FORCE STATUSasked since 1930


HHS................................................................................Community Services Block Grant Act[42 U.S.C. 9908b]

JUSTICE .......................................................................................................... Civil Rights Act[42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.]

LABOR....................................................................................... Labor Statistics [29 U.S.C. 1]Labor Statistics; Workforce Investment Act of 1998

[29 U.S.C. 1 and 8]





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INDUSTRY asked 1820, 1840, 1910-2000OCCUPATION asked since 1850CLASS OF WORKER asked since 1910


These questions describe the work activity and occupational experience of the American laborforce. Data are used to formulate policy and programs for employment, career developmentand training, and to measure compliance with antidiscrimination policies. Mandated reports forCongress on the labor force rely on the analysis of these characteristics. Vital statistics arecomputed by the National Center for Health Statistics using these data. The Bureau ofEconomic Analysis uses this information in conjunction with other decennial census data todevelop its state per capita income estimates used in the allocation formulas or for eligibilitycriteria in many federal programs such as Medicaid.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

EmploymentInformation about industry, occupation,and class of worker is important forcreating jobs as companies use thesedata to decide where to locate newplants, stores, or offices.

Under the Older Americans Act, these

data are used to plan job-trainingprograms for seniors.

The Equal Employment OpportunityCommission, under the Civil Rights andEqual Pay Acts, uses these data inlitigation where employment dis-crimination is alleged.

Social ServicesThe Environmental Protection Agencyuses these data to help identify whichoccupations and industries exposepeople to harmful chemicals andadversely affect the environment.

Data are used to estimate the demandfor staff in health care occupations andtheir geographic distribution based onthese data.


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INDUSTRY asked 1820, 1840, 1910-2000OCCUPATION asked since 1850CLASS OF WORKER asked since 1910


EEOC ................................... Age Discrimination in Employment Act [29 U.S.C. 623 and 633]

HHS..................................................................................................Public Health Service Act[42 U.S.C. 254b(b)(3)(A) & (B), 254e(b) & (d), & 254f-1],

Health Insurance for the Elderly and Disabled[42 U.S.C. 1395w-4(e)(1)]

JUSTICE ..............................Title VII of the Civil Rights Act [42 U.S.C. 2000e-2 & 2000e-16]

LABOR........................................................................................ Job Training Partnership Act[29 U.S.C. 1501 et seq., Sections 1511, 1518, 1532,

1551, 1602, 1603, 1661, 1707, & 1736],Labor Surplus Areas Program

[Executive Orders 10582 & 12073],Immigration Act of 1990

[8 U.S.C. 1182 note & 1182(a)(5)(A)],Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

[8 U.S.C. 1364],Labor Statistics; Workforce Investment Act of 1998

[29 U.S.C. 1 and 8]





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PLACE OF WORK AND JOURNEY TO WORK asked since 1960


Basic knowledge about commuting patterns and the characteristics of commuter travel comefrom responses to these questions. The commuting data are essential for planning highwayimprovements and developing public transportation services, as well as for designing programs

to ease traffic problems during peak periods, conserve energy, and reduce pollution. The dataare required to develop standards for reducing work-related vehicle trips and increasingpassenger occupancy during peak periods of travel. Also, the data are used to forecast vehiclemiles of travel in areas that are designated Anonattainment@ with respect to ambient air qualitystandards under the Clean Air Act. The Office of Management and Budget standards,developed under the authority of the Paperwork Reduction Act, require the use of decennialcensus data about place of work to define metropolitan areas.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

TransportationThese data form the database used bystate departments of transportation andthe more than 350 metropolitan planningorganizations responsible forcomprehensive transportation planningactivities.

Metropolitan planning organizations use

the data to manage traffic congestionand develop strategies to mitigatecongestion, such as carpoolingprograms and flexible work schedules.

Public transit agencies use these data toplan for transit investments, identifyareas needing better transit service,determine the most efficient routes, andplan for services for disabled persons.

Emergency PreparednessPolice and fire departments use dataabout where people work to planemergency services in areas of highconcentrations of employment.

EmploymentData are used to identify patterns ofdiscrimination in hiring among minorities

and other population groups within labormarkets.

BankingFinancial institutions use data aboutcommuting patterns and occupation todefine market areas for describinglending practices and the effects of bankmergers.


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PLACE OF WORK AND JOURNEY TO WORK asked since 1960


EEOC ....................................Title VII of the Civil Rights Act [42 U.S.C. 2000e-2 & 2000e-16]

DOT..................................................................Federal-Aid Highways - Metropolitan Planning[23 U.S.C. 134(a), (g)(3)],

Federal-Aid Highways - Statewide Planning[23 U.S.C. 135(f)(3)],

Federal-Aid Highways - Public Transportation[23 U.S.C. 142(a)(1) and (d)],

Federal-Aid Highways - Economic Growth Center Development Highways[23 U.S.C. 143(f)(1) & (2)],

Federal-Aid Highways - Carpool and Vanpool Projects[23 U.S.C. 146(a)],

Federal-Aid Highways - Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement

[23 U.S.C. 149(b)(3), (b)(5), and (d)]




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WORK STATUS LAST YEAR asked since 1940


To comply with provisions of the Civil Rights Act, the Department of Justice uses the data todetermine the availability of individuals for work. The Department of Labor uses data on workstatus last year in planning federal farm worker programs and in constructing the Consumer

Price Index. Government agencies, in considering the programmatic and policy aspects ofproviding federal assistance to areas, have emphasized the requirements for reliable data todetermine the employment resources available. Data about the number of weeks and hoursworked last year are essential because the data allow the characterization of workers by full-time/part-time and full-year/part-year status. Data about working last year also are necessaryfor collecting accurate income data by defining the universe of persons who should haveearnings as part of their total income.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Employment

Under the Older Americans Act, thesedata are used to plan employmentprograms for the elderly.

Researchers use these data to analyzedifferences between men and women oramong various race or ethnic groups forindividuals with similar weeks or hoursworked.

Companies use data on work status lastyear to make decisions on where toplace new plants or offices.

Data on work status last year are usedfor legal cases on discrimination underthe Civil Rights Act.


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WORK STATUS LAST YEARasked since 1940


HHS......................................................................................................... Older Americans Act[42 U.S.C. 3002, 3026(a)(1)]

JUSTICE .......................................................................................................... Civil Rights Act[42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.],Labor Statistics

[29 U.S.C. 1]

LABOR.............................................................................................. Immigration Act of 1990[8 U.S.C. 1182 note & 1182(a)(5)(A)],

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986[8 U.S.C. 1364],

Labor Statistics: Workforce Investment Act of 1998[29 U.S.C. 1 & 8]





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VEHICLES AVAILABLE asked since 1960


Vehicles available describes, for each household, the number of passenger cars, vans, andtrucks of one-ton capacity or less kept at home and available for the use of household members.Used in combination with the place-of-work and journey-to-work data collected in the decennial

census, data about vehicles available are essential for transportation programs. For theDepartment of Transportation and the Environmental Protection Agency, data about vehiclesavailable are used to develop policies and to plan a number of transportation programs. TheDepartment of Energy uses the information to estimate and forecast energy consumption ofmotor vehicles and for planning and establishing program activities as part of the AlternativeFueled Vehicles Program.

COMMUNITY BENEFITS

TransportationBased on studies of the typical numberof daily trips taken by households withdiffering numbers of vehicles available,state and metropolitan transportationplanning agencies use the data aboutvehicles available to estimate totalvehicle travel and forecast future traveland its effect on their transportationsystems.

The data are used to help form thedatabase used by state departments oftransportation and the more than 350metropolitan planning organizationsresponsible for comprehensive trans-portation planning activities.

Local governments construct trafficanalysis zones using data about thenumber of vehicles available per

household.

Social ServicesState and local agencies use the data todetermine the need for specialtransportation services for the elderlyand disabled.

Social service agencies use the data toplan for emergency transportationservices in areas of high concentrationsof households with no vehicle available,

such as isolated rural communities.

EnvironmentState and local agencies in regions c

final 2010 census and american community survey subjects notebook

Documents