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CONSERVATION(LIMITED WITHIN THE PURVIEW OF

5 Yr.Undergraduate Program in Archtecture)

FRIDAY, 5TH OCTOBER, 2012

05/10/2012 1AC-905 : CONSERVATION 08 SA BATCH-

PROF.PREETY SHAH

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What are cultural resources?

Archaeological sites.

Historic sites, buildings, and structures.

Traditional cultural properties, which

include such resources as traditionalresource gathering areas, sacred sites.

Historic landscapes and viewsheds.

Museum collections and historicaldocuments

Community values.

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Why do cultural resources need to bemanaged?

Population growth and expansion

Significant land-altering projects that resultfrom the above (housing estates, shoppingmalls, highways, dams and reservoirs,extractive industries).

Urban renewal projects (Tear that ugly oldbuilding down!).

Willful (or sometimes unintentional)

destruction of such resources(pothunting, bottle hunting, reliccollecting, using historic structures forfirewood, etc.).

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PROF.PREETY SHAH3

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Why Conserve ?What is the need to conserve?

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FIRST CONCEPT:

Need to protect and preserve buildings ofarchitectural or historic interest becauseof their contribution, and the fact thatthey make a pleasant townscape. Also

another justification for Conservationseems to lie not in the qualities ofmodern development but rather in itspace of change, which means the

continued existence of familiarsurrounding satisfies our psychologicalneeds.

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SECOND CONCEPT:

Once such buildings or area is lost they can

not be replaced. Their importance also lies in

the fact that artefacts from the past provide

material evidence of what the past was like.

(MATRIX OF CIVILIZATION)

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THIRD CONCEPT:

Urban conservation is a way of conservingboth energy and resources. For example if fewexisting buildings were to be replaced by new

construction, then the range of materialswould have to be produced and variousquantities of energy consumed. Thereforeconservation of an urban area is important for

developing countries where financialresources are scarce. Concept of sustainabilityand Brownfield development is involved

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FOURTH CONCEPT:

It is the fact that old areas or buildings are

tourist attractions and the money spent on

them would be sound investment. But

recognition must be balanced against the fact

that there is a given level of tourist activity

beyond which the adverse impact of tourism

outweighs the benefits it brings.

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What are the forces which workagainst Conservation !!

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Rapid urbanisation

&

population growthTowns and population have grownenormously in urban areas. This urban

growth and expansion is a product oftechnical, scientific and economicchange. As a result pressure on urbanspace increases so urban land

becomes more valuable, and themotive to destroy old buildings isstrengthened.

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Modern technology& economic change

As society grows richer its views of what

constitutes old buildings change almostas radically as any thing else. Old

buildings become what we call sub

standard so they become hard to use.

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Social change as the societybecomes richer

Modern technology makes different

demands on space, office space is

needed as well as shopping space, and

above all traffic and parking space. Intop of that the development of transport

public and private works in the same

way are the foundation of the social andspatial changes in modern life.

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CALL OF CONSERVATION !!!!

IT INCLUDES ALL ACTIONS OR PROCESSESTHAT HELP IN PROLONGING THE LIFE(DELAYING THE END) OF OUR CULTURALOR NATURAL HERITAGE

THUS, CONSERVATION IS THE ACTIONTAKEN TO PREVENT DECAY. IT EMBRACESALL ACTS THAT PROLONG THE LIFE OFOUR CULTURAL HERITAGE, THEOBJECTIVE BEING, TO PRESENT TO

THOSE WHO LOOK AT HISTORICBUILDINGS WITH WONDER, THE ARTISTICAND HUMAN MESSAGES SUCH HERITAGEGIVES.

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HERITAGE

Man-made

Heritage Monuments

Archaeological

Sites

Precincts

Historic

towns/cities

Religious

structures

Old buildings Formal

landscapes

Art Objects

Etc.

Natural Heritage Environment

Mountains

Rivers and lakes

Forests Sacred groves

Etc.

Intangible

Heritage Culture

Folklore

Legend

Life style

Crafts (building &

arts)

Rituals

Etc.

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Historic building: Historic building is

one that gives us a sense of wonderand awe, evokes curiosity.

Historic area/district: An area ofspecial architectural, historical and

cultural interest, the character and

appearance of which is desirable to

preserve and enhance.

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CONSERVATION:

1. ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION

2.URBAN CONSERVATION(HISTORIC AREA CONSERVATION)

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ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION

It is described as the act of

preservation of a structure from loss,

decay or injury due to natural or

human factors, through the process ofrestoration and or reconstruction

and its subsequent use.

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All monuments, buildings andstructures of conspicuous, historical,

archaeological, artisitic, scientific, socialor technical interest, including theirfixtures and fittings fall in this class.

Architectural conservation utilizesspecial techniques to halt furtherdeterioration of building materials.These techniques are based on a

knowledge of earlier buildingtechnologies and the causes leading todeterioration of building materials.

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URBAN CONSERVATION:

There is a need to define those areas thatgive us a sense of place and to giverecognition to the individual units thatcollectively contribute to this sense.

Historic district or urban conservationsignificance can be ascribed to acollection of buildings, structures,sites, objects and spaces that possess

integrity of location, design, setting,materials, workmanship, feeling andassociation.

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CAUSES OF DECAY OR DAMAGE TO

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CAUSES OF DECAY OR DAMAGE TO

CULTURAL PROPERTY:

1.NATURAL CAUSES:

A.CALAMITY

EARTHQUAKE, FLOOD,CYCLONE, VOLCANO, FIRE,HURRICANE LANDSLIDEETC.

B.CLIMATE

AGEING/ WEAR AND TEAR

WITH USE.(RADIATION &

SUNSHINE)

ANTHROPOGENIC/ MAN-MADE CAUSES:

DIRECT:

HUMAN INFLUENCEDAMAGING SURFACES,

PAINTING; VANDALISM &ARSONING (PRODUCESTHE GREATEST DAMAGE)

INDIRECT:

ALL KINDS OF POLLUTION,

VIBRATIONS DUE TO MAN-

MADE INTERVENTIONETC

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When analyzing causes of deterioration

and loss in an historic building,

following questions must be posed:

What are the strengths and weaknesses

inherent in the structural design and

component materials of the object?

What are the possible natural agents ofdeterioration that could affect the

component materials?

What are the possible human agents ofdeterioration that could affect component

materials or structure? How much of their

effect can be reduced at source?

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Intervention for any act of

conservation depends primarily onthe value offered by that building

or site.

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CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUES

EMOTIONAL

VALUE:

Wonder

Identity

ContinuitySpiritual &

Symbolic

CULTURAL

VALUE :Documentary

Historic

Archaeological,

antique

Aesthetic &

Symbolic

Architectural

Townscape &Ecological

Scientific &

Technological

USE VALUE:

Functional

Economic

Social

Political

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PRELIMINARY PROCEDURAL

STEPS PRIOR TO ANY ACT OFCONSERVATIONINTERVENTIONS:

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MAKING AN INVENTORY: RECORDING

THOROUGHLY GRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE

INITIAL INSPECTIONS: PRELIMINARY VISUAL

SURVEY-HELP ALSO IN DEFINING EXTENT ORDELINEATION OF CULTURAL

PROPERTY/HERITAGE.

DOCUMENTATION: DETAILED

DOCUMENTATION THROUGH A & B. VARIOUSMETHODS CAN BE EMPLOYED:PHOTOGRAPHY,

VIDEOGRAPHY, MEASURED DRAWINGS,

INTERVIEWS- ALL VERBATIM RECORDS,

REPORTS, ANALYSIS BASED ON ANALYSIS, TYPE OF INVENTIONAL

ACT IS DETERMINED, PLANNED AND BEGUN.

RECORDING EVERY STAGE OF WORK

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DOCUMENTATION

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BASIC FORM OF DOCUMENTATION

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BASIC FORM OF DOCUMENTATION Documentation is the process of gathering and

compilation of information by way of graphic orwritten form. It is called recording of building.

Documentation explains and illustrate thesignificant characteristics, physical configurationand condition of the historic building.

Graphic Documentation consists of photographs and drawings. Measured drawingsare produced from the measurements directlyobtained from the structure.

Written Documentation can be either historic

literature or descriptive note of contemporarytimes based on physical inspection of the siteexplaining history, evolution, context,significance and the state of preservation.

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TIPS ON DOCUMENTATION OFHERITAGE BUILDINGS:

Purpose of Documentation: Study and Research( to understand

unexplained buildings and relatedaspects to produce knowledge base ofIndian Architecture; to put IndianArchitecture in correct Internationalperspective; for teaching basic designand history of architecture)

Conservation Preserve as an archival material

Education and awareness creation

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ETHICS OF CONSERVATION:

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1. MAINTENANCE:

With continuous care, future restoration may

not be necessary.With regular upkeep, major conservation projects

and their high costs can be avoided.

2. RESPECT FOR DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE:

Do not base restoration on conjecture.

Conservation work should be based on historic

documentation such as historic photographs,

drawings and/or physical evidence

(archaeological and architectural). A thoroughsite documentation essential before, during and

after conservation works.

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3. RESPECT FOR ORIGINAL FABRIC:

Repair with like materials.

Historic material to be saved at all costs; Repairto return the resource to its prior condition,

without altering its integrity.

4. REVERSIBILITY:Alterations should be able to be returned to

original conditions. This conserves earlier

building design and technique.

e.g. Any consolidation or restoration worksshould be easily scooped out of the historic

building should there be a need to do so.

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5. RESPECT FOR THE BUILDING'S HISTORY:

Do not restore to one period at the expense

of another period.

Do not destroy later additions to a building/site

solely to restore to a single time period.

6. RESPECT FOR HISTORIC MATERIAL:

Repair/conserve - rather than replace buildingmaterials and finishes, except where

absolutely necessary.

Minimal intervention maintains the historical

content of the resource. Repairs to be done withextreme care and using compatible materials.

Repairs ideally be reversible or if not should not

destroy the historic building material.

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7. LEGIBILITY:

New work should be distinguishable from

old.Buildings should be recognized as products of

their own time, and new additions should not

blur the distinction between old and new.

8. RESPECT FOR THE ORIGINAL Location:

Do not move buildings unless there is no

other means to save them.

Site is an integral component of a building.

Change in site diminishes heritage value

considerably.

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9. ROLE OF INDIGENOUS CRAFTSMANSHIP:

Wherever possible use of local talent.

Imperative to employ local craftsmen to ensurethat the building crafts tradition do not die andare available or conservation.

10. MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO

CONSERVATION:

To facilitate the role of available expertise fora holistic understanding of themonument/site and for undertakingconservation works.

In-house capacity building and engagement ofexperts from outside as and when a need for thesame arises.

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Preservation is a process involved inthe maintenance necessary in order tomaintain the building precinct or artifactin its present state and to prevent and toretard deterioration.

Restoration is the means necessary toreturn the fabric to its known earlierstate, by means of the removal ofaccretion or resembling existing

components or by the sensitiveintroduction of compatible materials.

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ADAPTIVE RE-USE:

Old buildings often outlive their original

purposes. Adaptive reuse, or re-use, i s aprocess that adapts buildings for new useswhile retaining their historic features. An oldfactory may become an apartment building. Arundown church may find new life as a

restaurant... And a restaurant may become achurch.

One famous example of adaptive reuse is theGallery of Modern Art for the Tate Museum inLondon. Designed by the Pritzker Prize

winning architects Jacques Herzog and Pierrede Meuron, the museum was once a powerstation.

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http://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-herzog-demeuron.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa050901a.htm

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Reconstruction :

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AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE

FOR CONSERVATION

ASI established in 1862; The ArchaeologicalSurvey of India (ASI), under the Ministry ofCulture, is the premier organization for thearchaeological researches and protection of

the cultural heritage of the nation. Maintenance of ancient monuments and

archaeological sites and remains of nationalimportance is the prime concern of the ASI.Besides it regulate all archaeological activities

in the country as per the provisions of theAncient Monuments and Archaeological Sitesand Remains Act, 1958. It also regulatesAntiquities and Art Treasure Act, 1972.

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STATE ASIS-CIRCLES:

NGOs like INTACH:

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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS:

UNESCO LED WORLD HERITAGE COUNCIL:

A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as aforest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building,complex, or city) that is on the list that is maintained bythe international World Heritage Programmeadministered by the UNESCO World HeritageCommittee, A World Heritage Site is a place of eithercultural or physical significance.

The programme catalogues, names, and conserves sitesof outstanding cultural or natural importance to thecommon heritage of humanity. Each World Heritage

Site is the property of the state on whose territory thesite is located, but it is considered in the interest of theinternational community to preserve each site.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest

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ICCROM

ICOMOS

DOCOMOMO

WMF

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Conservation as a movement

WORLD OVER !!!!

Advent of Charters as a necessity to savemonuments and historical buildingsfrom want on destruction in the early20th Century and around the two World

Wars Athens Charter in 1931

Venice Charter in 1964

Burra Charter (for Intangible heritage) in1992

Nara Document (on Authenticity) in1995

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ATHENS CHARTER The Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic

Monuments was produced by the participants of the

First International Congress of Architects andTechnicians of Historic Monuments organized by theInternational Museums Office and held in Athens in1931. The seven points of the manifesto were:

to establish organizations for restoration advice

to ensure projects are reviewed with knowledgeablecriticism

to establish national legislation to preserve historicsites

to rebury excavations which were not to be restored.

to allow the use of modern techniques and materialsin restoration work.

to place historical sites under custodial protection.

to protect the area surrounding historic sites.

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VENICE CHARTER In The Second International Congress of

Architects and Specialists of HistoricBuildings, 13 resolutions were adopted ofwhich the first was the Venice Charter andthe second was creation of ICOMOS(International Council on Monuments andSites)[8].

The charter consisted of seven main titlesand sixteen articles. The concept of historicmonuments and sites was interpreted as the

common heritage therefore safeguardingthem for the future generations with full ofrichness and authenticity was defined as thecommon responsibility[

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice_Charterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice_Charterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice_Charterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice_Charterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice_Charterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice_Charterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOS

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THANKYOU!!!!!!!!

If you have been,

for your patient

listening