final 8th semester report apd

8/9/2019 Final 8th Semester Report APD

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Wireless Sensor Network Based Air

Pollution Monitoring

Submitted By

Hazoor Bukhsh

10-!-10

Muhammad Basharat Ali

10-!-1"

Su#er$isor

!ngr% &arzana Arshad

Assistant Pro'essor

(!PA)M!N *& !+!,*M !N.N!!).N&A,/+ *& !+!,*MM/N.,A.*N AN( .N&*)MA.*N

!N.N!!).N

/N.!)S. *& !N.N!!).N AN( !,HN*+*A2.+A

3un 4015


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Wireless Sensor Network Based Air Pollution Monitoring

Hazoor Bukhsh 10-!-10

M% Basharat Ali 10-!-1"

A #ro6e7t submitted in #artial 'ul'illment o' the re8uirements 'or the degree o'

B%S7% ele7ommuni7ation !ngineering

Pro6e7t Su#er$isor9

!ngr% &arzana Arshad

Assistant Pro'essor

(!PA)M!N *& !+!,*M !N.N!!).N

hesis Su#er$isor Signature9:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

(!PA)M!N *& !+!,*MM/N.,A.*N !N.N!!).N

&A,/+ *& !+!,*MM/N.,A.*NAN( .N&*)MA.*N!N.N!!).N

/N.!)S. *& !N.N!!).N AN( !,HN*+*; A2.+A

3un 4015

1


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Abstract

Wireless sensor network Based Air Pollution Monitoring

Hazoor Bukhsh 10-!-10

M% Basharat Ali 10-!-1"

Pro6e7t Su#er$isor9 !ngr% &arzana Arshad

Assistant Pro'essor

(!PA)M!N *& !+!,*M !N.N!!).N

Here is introdu7tion to Air #ollution and e''e7t o' #ollution on en$ironment as well on

human health% As the te7hnology in7rease; the degree o' automation


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/N(!)A?.N

We 7erti'y that #ro6e7t titled @Wireless Sensor Network Based Air Pollution Monitoring

is our own work% Where material has been used 'rom other sour7es it has been #ro#erly

a7knowledged re'erred%

Signature

Hazoor Bukhsh M% Basharat Ali

10-!-10 10-!-1"

C


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A,?N*W+!(!M!NS

The moment representing this project, we are grateful to our respected supervisor ngr!

"ar#ana Arshad for e$tending her valua%le guidance to us! &ur Teachers and colleagues,

who have %een supportive, are e'uall( apprecia%le and deserving our gratitude!

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AB+! *& ,*N!NS

Abstra7t %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%DDD%%%ii

A7knowledgement%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%i$

+ist o' &igures%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$ii

+ist o' ables%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%i>

,ha#ter .9 .ntrodu7tion%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1

1%1 eneral introdu7tion o' WSN%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1

1%4 .ntrodu7tion to AP(%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4

1%C *b6e7ti$e%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%C

1%5 Problem Statement and moti$ation%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5

,ha#ter ..9 +iterature )e$iew D%%DDDDDDDDDDDDDD%%%%%%%%%% %E

4%1 +iterature re$iew%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%E

4%4 Ma6or disaster o' Air #ollution%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%F

4%C Air #ollution%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%G

4%5 Pollutants%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%10

4%E Pollution !''e7ts %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%14

,ha#ter ...9 +iterature )e$iew D%%DDDDDDDDDDDDDD%%%%%%%%%15

C%1 So'tware%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15

C%4 Hardware%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1F

C%C Blo7k diagram%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4C

C%5 &low 7hart%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4E

,ha#ter .9 )esult and (is7ussion D%%DD DDDDDDDDD%%%%%%%%%% %4F

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5%1 Simulation )esult%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4F

5%4 Hardware )esults%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4"

5%C (is7ussion%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%C0

,ha#ter 9 ,on7lusion and )e7ommendation%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%C1

E%1 ,on7lusion%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%C1

E%4 )e7ommendations%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%C1

E%C A##li7ation%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%C4

)e'eren7es%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%CC

Abbre$iations%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%CE

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+.S *& &./)!S

&ig 1%1WSN%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4

&ig 1%4 Pollution in the world%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%C

&ig 4%1%1#losion %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%F

&ig 4%1%1


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&ig 5%1


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+.S *& AB+!S

able C%4%4 P.,1F'"" 'eatures%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1"

able C%4%C


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,HAP!) 1

Introduction

1.1 General Introduction to the WSN

A wireless sensor network #ensi$e; low-#ower; distributed de$i7es; whi7h are 7a#able o' lo7al #ro7essing

and wireless 7ommuni7ation; a reality% Su7h nodes are 7alled as sensor nodes% !a7h

sensor node is 7a#able o' only a limited amount o' #ro7essing% But when 7oordinated

with the in'ormation 'rom a large number o' other nodes; they ha$e the ability to measure

a gi$en #hysi7al en$ironment in great detail% hus; a sensor network 7an be des7ribed as a

7olle7tion o' sensor nodes whi7h 7o-ordinate to #er'orm some s#e7i'i7 a7tion% /nlike

traditional networks; sensor networks de#end on dense de#loyment and 7o-ordination to

7arry out their tasks%

Wireless te7hnology has e>#anded the limits o' our world% hrough this inno$ation;

#eo#le ha$e been gi$en 'reedom to work away 'rom their desks or e$en outside% he new

'ound 'reedom that #eo#le are beginning to en6oy with their 7om#uters has started

making the world o' te7hnology and nature blend% Wireless Sensor Networks are the ne>t

stage o' this te7hnology-nature 7ohesion% Wireless Sensor Networks; or WSNs; ha$e been

used to enable better data 7olle7tion in s7ienti'i7 studies; 7reate more e''e7ti$e strategi7

military de'enses and monitor 'a7tory ma7hinery% Wireless Sensor Networks are

7olle7tions o' motes% Motes are the indi$idual 7om#uters that work together to 'orm

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networks% he re8uirements 'or motes are e>tensi$e% hey must be small; energy

e''i7ient; multi'un7tional; and wireless% ,olle7tions o' motes 7ommuni7ate with ea7h

other to rea7h a 7ommon goal% *n7e #la7ed; they 7olle7t and transmit data to ea7h other;

and e$entually to a main 7om#uter% Motes 7olle7t and trans'er data using 'our stages9

7olle7ting the data; #ro7essing the data; #a7kaging the data; and 7ommuni7ated the data%

!a7h mote 7olle7ts data using its $arious ty#es o' sensors% A'ter 7olle7ting the data; the

mote #ro7esses the data using its ele7troni7 brain% *n7e the data has been 7olle7ted and

#ro7essed to this #oint; the mote then begins to intera7t with other motes%

&ig 1%19


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7on7entration o' 7onstituents in the atmos#here leading to e''e7ts like global warming

and a7id rains% o a$oid su7h ad$erse imbalan7es in the nature; an air #ollution (ete7tion

system is utmost im#ortant% Wireless Sensor Networks is e>7ellent te7hnologies that 7an

sense; measure; and gather in'ormation 'rom the real world and; based on some lo7al

de7ision #ro7ess transmit the sense data to the user%

his system 7ontained sensors to monitor the two air #ollutants gases in7luding 7arbon

mono o>ide and 7ombustible gases be7ause these gases de7ide the degree o' #ollution

le$el% When the dete7ted le$el o' #ollution will e>7eed the threshold $alue then these

$alues will be trans'erred to master node where o#erator 7an $iew the #ollution le$el at

#arti7ular #la7e%

&ig 1%49 Pollution

1.3 Objective

he destination o' this work is to think o' #ra7ti7al; de#endable; $ersatile and 'aultless

7ontinuous air #ollution monitoring 'ramework with wireless sensor network% .ndustrially

a77essible ele7tro7hemi7al and resisti$e warming sort sensors are utilized to sense the

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gasses% Pro#er alignment inno$ations are 7reated to ad6ust these sensors whi7h are

inter'a7ed to wireless sensor nodes de#loyed in the 'ield en$ironment%

1.4 Proble Stateent ! "otivation

*ne o' numerous mani'estations o' #ollution; air #ollution ha##ens inside homes;

s7hools; and business lo7ales; in urban areas; 7rosswise o$er landmasses; and e$en

internationally% Air #ollution makes indi$iduals wi#ed out it 7auses breathing issues and

ad$ertises tumor and it damages #lants; 7reatures; and the biologi7al systems in whi7h

they li$e% Some air #oisons 7ome ba7k to !arth as 7orrosi$e rain and snow; whi7h

7onsume statues and stru7tures; harm yields and ba7kwoods; and make lakes and streams

unsatis'a7tory 'or 'ish and other #lant and 7reature li'e%

Pollution is 7hanging !arthIs air so it lets in more hurt'ul radiation 'rom the Sun% .n the

meantime; our 7ontaminated 7limate is im#ro$ing as a 7o$er; kee#ing high tem#erature

'rom getting away go into s#a7e and #rom#ting an as7ent in worldwide normal

tem#eratures% )esear7hers anti7i#ate that the tem#erature e>#and; alluded to as an

unnatural weather 7hange; will in'luen7e world nourishment su##ly; modi'y o7ean le$el;

make 7limate more 7om#elling; and build the s#read o' tro#i7al si7knesses%

,ha#ter 4

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#iterature $evie%

2.1 literature revie%

Wireless Sensor Network


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2.2.1 (hernob)l disaster

he ,hernobyl disaster was a 7ata7lysmi7 nu7lear a77ident that ha##ened on 4F A#ril

1G"F at the 7hernobyl Nu7lear Power Plant in /kraine #ense and 7oming about #assingJs#enses an e>#e7ted 1" billion rubles% hroughout the misha# itsel' C1

indi$iduals ki7ked the bu7ket; and long haul im#a7ts; 'or e>am#le; growths and

de'ormations are as o' now being re#resented% KC; 5;EL% Nu7lear e>#losion 'ig gi$en below9

&ig 4%1%1#losion

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&ig 4%1%1ious methyl iso7yanate

gas s#illed 'rom a tank o' the #esti7ides #lant in Bho#al 7laimed by the /S ,om#any

/nion ,arbide% he gasses swirled o$er the ground into 7lose-by bustees


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2.2.3 "euse ,alle)- *el+iu- 13/

his is one o' the initially ar7hi$ed s7enes in ad$an7ed; times whi7h stirred o$erall

in$estment ha##ened in the Meuse alley o' Belgium in (e7ember; 1GC0% ra##ed by a

re$ersal; to>ins amassed in this soak sided $alley o' 1E miles length% ,oke sto$es; steel

'a7tories; im#a7t heaters; zin7 smelters; glass manu'a7turing #lants and sul'uri7 7orrosi$e

#lants 7reated an e>#e7ted S*4 amassing o' " ##m% .t was e$aluated that the S*4 'o7us

was arri$ed at to 44F00ugmC% .nside a 7ou#le o' days more than F00 indi$iduals 'ell

si7k; and FC indi$iduals ki7ked the bu7ket 'rom the 7ontaminated air% Sadly no

estimations were made% here a##ears to be; notwithstanding; little un7ertainty that the

signi'i7ant o''ender was sul'ur dio>ide whi7h; with the assistan7e o' mist dro#lets

o>idized to sul'uri7 7orrosi$e with a mole7ule measure little enough to in'iltrate

#ro'oundly into the lungs%

2.2.4 Donora- Penns)lvania- 140

.n *7tober 1G5" the /nited States a77om#lished its 'irst 7ontamination disaster in the

residential area o' (onora in the Manongahela )i$er alley; 40 miles southeast o'

Pittsburgh% !''luents 'rom $arious 7ommer7ial enter#rises; 'or e>am#le; a sul'uri7

7orrosi$e #lant; a steel 'a7tory; and a zin7 generation #lant got tra##ed in a shallow

$alley re$ersal to deli$er an un breathable mi>ture o' haze and 7ontamination%

Something like F;000 indi$iduals or 5C #er7ent o' the #o#ula7e endured di''erent

degrees o' si7knesses; 'or e>am#le; sore throat disturban7e o' the eyes; nose; and

res#iratory tra7t; 7erebral #ains; windedness; ret7hing; and si7kness% here were 40

deaths in three days% Again no surrounding estimations were made throughout the

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7alamity% .t was #ro#osed that sul'ur dio>ide arri$ed at 7rest estimations o' about EE00

ugm%

2.3 Air Pollution

Air #ollution is the introdu7tion o' #arti7ulates; biologi7al mole7ules; or other harm'ul

materials into the !arthIs atmos#here; #ossibly 7ausing disease; death to humans; damage

to other li$ing organisms su7h as 'ood 7ro#s; or the natural or built en$ironment%

he atmos#here is a 7om#le> trademark $a#orous stru7ture that is the key to hel# li'e on

#lanet !arth% Stratos#heri7 ozone de#letion in $iew o' air de'ilement has long been seen

as a danger to human wellbeing and notwithstanding the !arthIs surroundings%

.ndoor air tainting and urban air 8uality are re7orded as two o' the worldIs most

obser$ably terrible risky sullying issues in the 400" Bla7ksmith .nstitute WorldIs Worst

Polluted Pla7es re#ort%K1L A77ording to the 4015 WH* re#ort; in 4014 the air #ollution

brought on the deaths o' around million #eo#le worldwide%K4L

&ig 4%C9 Air #ollution

G

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates


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2.4 Pollutants

Air #ollution 7an 'urther be arranged into two segments $isible air 7ontamination and

im#er7e#tible air 7ontamination% An alternate method 'or taking a gander at Air

7ontamination 7ould be any substan7e that holds the #ossibility to u#set the air or the

#ros#erity o' the li$ing 7reatures making due in it% he sustainment o' all things li$ing is

be7ause o' a mi> o' gasses that altogether stru7ture the air the awkwardness brought on

by the build or de7line o' the rate o' these gasses might be hurt'ul 'or sur$i$al%

o 7om#rehend the reason 'or Air #ollution; a 'ew di$isions might be made% Primary air

#ollutants might be brought about by essential sour7es or o#tional sour7es% he to>ins

that are an immediate a'ter e''e7t o' the methodology might be 7alled #rimary #ollutants%

A 'antasti7 illustration o' an essential to>in would be the sul'ur-dio>ide emitted 'rom

#lants e%g%

(arbon onoide (O ,* is a dismal; s7entless; harm'ul yet non-bothering gas% .t is

an item by 'ragmented ignition o' 'uel; 'or e>am#le; 7hara7teristi7 gas; 7oal or wood%

ehi7ular 'umes are a signi'i7ant wells#ring o' 7arbon mono>ide%

Sul'hur Oides SO es#e7ially sul#hur dio>ide; a 7om#ound with the re7i#e S*4%

S*4 is deli$ered by $ol7anoes and in di''erent me7hani7al 7ourses o' a7tion% ,oal and

#etroleum 're8uently hold sul'ur mi>es; and their ignition 7reates sul'ur dio>ide% &urther

o>idation o' S*4; usually in the #resen7e o' a 7atalyst su7h as N*4; 'orms H4S*5; and

thus a7id rain%

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Oides o& Nitro+en NO Nitrogen o>ides; es#e7ially nitrogen dio>ide; are #rodu7ed

'rom high tem#erature ignition; and are likewise 7reated throughout storms by ele7tri7

release% hey might be seen as a tan 7loudiness ar7h abo$e or a 7rest downwind o' urban

7ommunities% .t is one o' a 'ew nitrogen o>ides%

Se7ondary #ollutants are the ones that are 7reated by the bury blending and res#onses o'

essential #oisons% Brown haze made by the 7onne7tions o' a 'ew essential #oisons is

re'erred to be as o#tional 7ontamination e%g%

O5one O3 *zone


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&ig 4%59 Sour7es o' Air #ollution

2.7 Air Pollution 8&&ects

1. $es'irator) and heart issues

he im#a7ts o' Air 7ontamination are disturbing% hey are known to make a 'ew

res#iratory and heart 7onditions alongside ,an7er; in addition to di''erent dangers to the

body% A 'ew millions are known to ha$e #assed on be7ause o' immediate or 7ir7uitous

im#a7ts o' Air 7ontamination% ?ids in ranges #resented to air #oisons are said to regularly

e>#erien7e the ill e''e7ts o' #neumonia and asthma%

2. Global %orin+

Another immediate im#a7t is the 8ui7k modi'i7ations that the world is seeing be7ause o'

lobal warming% With e>#anded tem#eratures around the world; build in o7ean le$els and

dissol$ing o' i7e 'rom 7older distri7ts and 7hunks o' i7e; u#rooting and mis'ortune o'

natural surroundings ha$e o''i7ially indi7ated an a##roa7hing 7alamity i' a7ti$ities 'or

7onser$ation and standardization arenIt embra7ed soon%

3. Acid $ain

Harm'ul gasses like nitrogen o>ides and sul'ur o>ides are dis7harged into the 7limate

throughout the 7o#ying o' 'ossil 'ills% When it rains; the water dro#lets 6oins together with

these air 7ontaminations; gets a7idi7 and a'terward 'alls on the ground as 7orrosi$e

down#our% ,orrosi$e down#our 7an result in in7redible harm to human; 7reatures and

har$ests%

4. 8utro'hication

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!utro#hi7ation is a 7ondition where high measure o' nitrogen #resent in a 'ew

7ontaminations gets 7reated on o7eanIs sur'a7e and trans'orms itsel' into green growth

and un'a$orably in'luen7es 'ish; #lants and 7reature s#e7ies% he green hued green

growth that is a$ailable on lakes and lakes is be7ause o' $i7inity o' this 7on7o7tion 6ust%

7. I'act on Wildli&e

3ust like #eo#le; 7reatures likewise 7on'ront some grinder in'luen7es o' air #ollution%

(angerous 7hemi7als e>hibit buzzing around 7an 7om#el natural li'e s#e7ies to mo$e to

new #la7e and 7hange their li$ing s#a7e% he harm'ul 7ontaminations store o$er the

sur'a7e o' the water and 7an likewise in'luen7e o7ean 7reatures%

9. 8haustion o& O5one la)er

*zone e>ists in earthIs stratos#here and is in 7harge o' ensuring #eo#le 'rom unsa'e

ultra$iolet


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&ig 4%E9 blind women due to Bho#al gas

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,HAP!) C

"ethodolo+)

3.1 So&t%are

3.1.1 "i;ro( 'ro &or 'ic

Mikro, is a 'ull-em#hasized ANS. , 7om#iler that is a77essible 'or si> di$erse

mi7ro7ontroller ar7hite7tures


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&igC%1%19 Mikro, #ro 'or #i7

3.1.2 "i;ro( P$O &or PI( ( (o'iler


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likewise 7an re7reate the asso7iation between #rogramming running on a

mi7ro7ontroller and any sim#le or ad$an7ed hardware 6oined with it%

&ig C%1%C9 Proteus

3.2 6ard%are

3.2.1 Sensor =GS 013

.n the $i7inity o' a #er7ei$able gas; the sensorIs 7ondu7ti$ity e>#ands relying u#on

the gas 'o7us buzzing around% A basi7 ele7tri7al 7ir7uit 7an 7hange o$er the 7hange in

7ondu7ti$ity to a yield indi7ator whi7h 7om#ares to the gas 'o7us% he sensor 7an

7at7h an e>tensi$e $ariety o' gasesit has high sensiti$ity to methane; #ro#ane; and

butane; making it ideal 'or natural gas and +P monitoringhe sensor 7an dete7t an

e>tensi$e $ariety o' gasses; making it an in7redible; minimal e''ort sensor 'or a wide

assortment o' #ro$isions% .t is also a$ailable with a 7erami7 base whi7h is highly

resistant to harsh en$ironments u# to400,%

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&ig C%4%1


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7ontrol gadgets; estimation o' di$erse 8ualities and so 'orth% Some o' its #rin7i#le

'eatures are re7orded beneath9

able C%4%49 P.,1F'"" 'eatures

&eatures alues

*#erating 're8uen7y 0-40 MHz

Pre7ision internal os7illator • &a7tory 7alibrated

• So'tware sele7table 're8uen7y

range o' "MHz to C1?Hz

)*M memory "? )*M memory in &+ASH te7hnology

• ,hi# 7an be re#rogrammed u# to

100%000 times

)n*+ircuit Serial Programming *#tion • ,hi# 7an be #rogrammed e$en

embedded in the target de$i7e

!!P)*M memory 4EF bytes

)AM memory CF" bytes

A( 7on$erter • 5-7hannels

• 10-bit resolution

timers7ounters C

Analogue 7om#arator module • wo analogue 7om#arators

• &i>ed $oltage re'eren7e


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!nhan7ed /SA) module • Su##orts )S-5"E; )S-4C4 and

+.N4%0

• Auto-Baud (ete7t

Master Syn7hronous Serial Port = #air works at a re7urren7e o' 5C5 MHz% A )&

transmitter a77e#ts serial in'ormation and transmits it remotely through )& through

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its re7ei$ing node% he transmission ha##ens at the rate o' 1kb#s - 10kb#s%the

transmitted in'ormation is a77e#ted by a )& bene'i7iary working at the same

re7urren7e as that o' the transmitter%

he )& module works at )adio &re8uen7y% he re7urren7e range di''ers between C0

kHzO C00 Hz% .n this )& 'ramework; the ad$an7ed in'ormation is s#oken to as

$arieties in the ade8ua7y o' bearer wa$e% he ad6ustment utilized is known as

Am#litude Shi't ?eying


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2 Serial data input pin Data

3 Supply voltage; 5V Vcc

4 Antenna output pin AN

able C%4%C


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&ig C%4%C


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&ig C%C%19 ransmitter node

3.3.2 $eceiver Node

he re7ei$er node is the node whi7h is #la7ed in the o''i7e where a #erson working on a

#7 7an see the real time en$ironment 7ondition% he signal sent 'rom transmitter node is

re7ei$ed by re7ei$er node%

&ig C%C%49 )e7ei$er Node

3.4


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less than the threshold $alue then it will wait 'or some time to sa$e #ower and then

sense again% When the sensed $alue 7rosses the threshold $alue then it will transmit a

signal to the master node and turn on the 'an% he master node 7an get alarm signal%

And at the start o' this danger it 7an be 7ontrolled%

&ig C%59 &low ,hart

We use 'an to automate the system% When gas e>7eeds a 7hamber like su7ker


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,HAP!) 5

$esults and Discussion

4.1 Siulation $esults

his is the sensor node that is sense the gas $alue and showing it on +,( and on

$irtual terminal also% his is the 'irst simulation that is 6ust sensing the gas #resent%

&ig 5%1


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&ig 5%1


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his is the transmitter node sensing the gas $alue on real time% .' the sensed $alue is less

than the threshold


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*n the re7ei$er side the re7ei$er will not get any o' the signals be7ause the transmitter

node didnJt send any o' the signals% When transmitter node send the signal then re7ei$er

node will show the in'ormation re7ei$ed%

&ig 5%4


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When the sensed $alue e>7eeded the threshold it will show the alarm signal on +,( and

turn on the buzzer and red led too%

&ig 5%47eeded the threshold%

4.3 Discussion

.n this #ro6e7t we are 6ust transmitting a signal that 6ust indi7ates the #resen7e o' gas% .t is

7hea# and reliable% his #ro6e7t 7an be enhan7ed by sensing more gases and the $alue o'

the gases 7an also be transmitted to the re7ei$er node%

C0


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,HAP!) E

(onclusion and $ecoendation

7.1 (onclusion

his Wireless Air Pollution Monitoring System gi$es 7ontinuous monitoring o' air

#ollution and in addition gi$es alarms in instan7es o' un7ommon 7hange in nature o' air

and automates the e>haust 'an% hese will e>traordinarily u#grade obser$ing o' the

regular en$ironment and in some 7ases o#en u# new methods ' or taking estimations

and 7al7ulations or #ermit #re$iously im#ossible de#loyments o' sensors% WSN 'or air

#ollution and obser$ing will be e>tremely $aluable 'or 7he7king distin7ti$e high hazard

lo7ales o' the nation% .t will gi$e ongoing data about the le$el o' air #ollution% his data

7an then be utilized by the #owers to take brie' mo$ements; 'or e>am#le; em#tying

indi$iduals or sending 7risis rea7tion grou#% .n this way WSN systems might be

su77ess'ully utilized 'or obser$ing air #ollution within the ranges where general 7he7king

is re8uired%

7.2 $ecoendation

As talked about in this #a#er; late inno$ati$e im#ro$ements in the s7aling down o'

gadgets and wireless 7orres#onden7e inno$ation ha$e headed to the de$elo#ment

o' Wireless Sensor Networks


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7.3 A''lications

his #ro6e7t 7an be used in many #la7es where there is a threat o' air #ollution or

#resen7e o' harm'ul gases% &or e>am#le in industry like 7hemi7al industry many gases

#rodu7e whi7h are harm'ul 'or human being% .n mining there is not a $entilation

#ro7edure so deadly gases me be #resent it 7an be used here also% At home used 'or gas

leakage dete7tion and also 'or 'ire dete7tion% Automation 7an be done through this by

#la7ing a 'an or a su7ker to su7k these gases to destroy them%

&ig E%C9 7lean !arth is in your hand

C4


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$8


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G% Abdullah ?adri; !lias aa7oub; Mohammed Mushtaha; @Wireless Sensor

Network 'or )eal-ime Air Pollution Monitoring

10% )%A%)oseline; (r%M%(e$a#riya%;(r%P%Sumathi; @Pollution Monitoring using

Sensors and Wireless Sensor Networks 9 A Sur$ey.nternational 3ournal o'

A##li7ation or .nno$ation in !ngineering O Management


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1% &orum 'or online hel# at htt#9www%edaboard%7om

1"% About #ubli7 sa'ety and health issues online at htt#9www%who%inten

1G% P., Mi7ro7ontroller and !mbedded Systems by Muhammad Ali Mazidi%

CE

http://www.edaboard.com/http://www.edaboard.com/


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ABB)!.A.*NS

WSN Wireless Sensor Network

PI( Peri#heral .nter'a7e +ontroller

"8"S Mi7ro-!le7tro-Me7hani7al System

AD( Analog to (igital ,on$erter

$

final 8th semester report apd

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