Formation of Ootheca the left accessory gland

P.C.J.Brunet. (1952). The Formation of the Ootheca by Periplaneta americana. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 93, 47–69.

Mercer. E. H., & Brunet, P. C.J. (1959). The electron microscopy of the left colleterial gland of the cockroach. The Journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology, 5(2), 257–62.

Ootheca

Egg pod, Egg case.

without the egg case?

enemy, bacteria, fungi, water, temperature, humidity.

Accessory gland

produce most of the material used in the formation of ootheca.

Why study accessory gland?

1. Major organ in cockroaches.

2. ManagementUnderstanding the physiology gives us the possibility to find ways to disrupt the formation of Ootheca.

There are a pair of accessory glands

The left composed of more tubules, larger, whitish.secrete a protein which becomes part of the ootheca.

The right translucent and colorless.the right is to secrete a diphenolic substance that serves to cross-link protein molecules.

Materials and Methods

1. Periplaneta americana2. Anatomical methodsdissect the insects3. Histological and cytological methodsTransmission electron microscopy.4. Observation of the tissues over different developmental time periods.

Four regions, four cell types

Four cell types - Type 4

E -> end-apparatusF -> funnel of end apparatusP -> Processes of end

apparatus

secrete the structural protein

Four cell types -Type 3

Type 3 cells resemble bothtype 2 and 4 and probably a transient intermediate form.

the tallest cell in the four type.

Four cell types -Type 2

function: form an oxidase.structure: taller than type 4 cells. have an end-apparatus that is similar to, but more complex than those of type 4 cells, and the cytoplasm is almost completely filled with mitochondria.

Four cell types -Type 1

1. posterior end of gland.2. no sign of secretory activity and have no end-apparatus, changes little during the differentiation.

Timeline

Last instar => appear1st day => differentiate7th day => increase in size14th day => mature

Summary

● elucidated and characterized 4 cell type in left accessory gland of P. americana

● determined the time course of cell differentiation.

This is the landmark paper for P. americana accessory glands physiology and still be used in understanding of accessory gland in Bombyx mori. L(2006),, Sesamia nonagrioides (2008), Cryptocercidae, Mastotermitidae(2008), Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Dynastinae, Cetoniinae (2009)

Acknowledgement

William ReidMing Li,Feng Liu

Further anatomical data on the colleterial glands of Pleurosticti (Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae, Rutelidae, Dynastidae, Cetoniidae) De Marzo, L. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura. 41(1). APR 30 2009. 1-6.

Colleterial glands of Sesamia nonagrioides as a source of the host-recognition kairomone for the egg parasitoid Telenomus busseolae De Santis, Federica [Author]; Conti, Eric Romani, Roberto [Author]; Salerno, Gianandrea [Author]; Parillo, Francesco [Author]; Bin, Ferdinando [Author]. Physiological Entomology. 33(1). MAR 2008. 7-16.

The fine structure of colleterial glands in two cockroaches and three termites, including a detailed study of Cryptocercus punctulatus (Blattaria, Cryptocercidae) and Mastotermes darwiniensis (Isoptera, Mastotermitidae) Courrent, Annie; Quennedey, Andre Nalepa, Christine A. Robert, Alain \; Lenz, Michael [Author; E-mail: michael.lenz@csiro.au]; Bordereau, Christian [Author, Reprint Author; Arthropod Structure & Development. 37(1). JAN 2008. 55-66.

Proteome analysis of the silkworm (Bombyx mori. L) colleterial gland during different development stages Jin, YuanXiang [Author]; Chen, YuYin [Author]; Jiang, YongHuang [Author]; Xu, MengKui [Author, Archives of Insect Biochemistry & Physiology. 61(1). JAN 2006. 42-50.