final project training report

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No. Particulars Page Nos.

1. Project Objective 2

2. Company Profile

a. Objective 3-4

b. Fields of Development 5

3. Companys Products 6

4. Understanding .Net Framework 7-10

5. Accounting

a. Objectives 11

b. Classification 11

c. Some Important Terms 12

6. System Requirements

a. Product Definition 17

b. Processing Enviornment 18

7. SDLC(System Development life Cycle)

a. Initial study 19-21

b. Feasibility Study

i. Introduction 22

ii. Types of Feasibility 22-25

c. System Requirement Specifications 26d. System Design

i. Characteristics 27

ii. DFDS 28-30

e. System Testing

i. Objectives 30-33

ii. Test Information Flow 34-35

iii. Basic Methods of Testing 36-37

f. Implementation And Working

i. Types of Implementation 38

ii. Implementation Tools 39-41

g. Maintenance

i. Introduction 42

ii. System Documentation 43


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8. Screen Shots of the Project 44

9. Bibliography 69

PROJECT OBJECTIVE

As accounting is a very generalized field which is used in almost everyorganization like production, inventory control etc. Since transactions take place

daily in almost all organizations where sale, purchase, flow of stock and finance

takes place so recording of these transactions is a must. Firstly all the work wasdone manually, like maintenance of journal, ledger, trial balance, final accounting

etc. which may even resulted in wrong calculations and unfair means of adjusting

stock.

Accounting systems are computerized to journalise, post and prepare reports faster

and more reliably.

Features of computerized accounting system

Control : managers need control over operations. Internal controls are the

methods and procedure used to authorize transactions and safeguard assets.

Compatibility : A good system should be compatible with businessoperations, personnel and organizational structure. A system should conform

to the particular needs of the business.

Flexibility : A well designed system is flexible in accommodating changes

without needing a complete overhaul. An accounting system may require

changes in accordance to the business changes.

Favourable cost/benefit relationship : To develop ,design and maintenance

of system costs, money, thereby reducing the companys profitability .So

managers strive for a system that offers maximum benefits at a minimum cost

resulting into better decisions.

Objectives of the project

calculate accurately all the transactions

complete and proper bill management

maintain full records of stock

record all the details about customers ,suppliers, salesman etc.

prepare reports of all the transactions taking place daily just on one click

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prepare final accounts at the end of each financial year

to stop all the unfair means of recording the transactions and stock.

COMPANY PROFILE

Alamsoft Systems, Mohali is a Research and development based Companyoffering end to end solutions. Company develops both Windows and Web

Applications , Windows applications give more flexibility in needs and along withthese Web application binds any company at a center place. It develops creative

strategies and top-notch applications to help increase revenue, save resources, manage

supply chain or enhance customer relationships.

Its sole aim is to satisfy customer needs for quality products and services in

information technology through well trained and motivated employees.

OBJECTIVE

MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES

To provide world-class information technology solutions and services to enable ourcustomers to serve their customers better.

PEOPLE OBJECTIVES

To help people in the company's successes, which they make possible; to provide jobsecurity based on their performance; to recognize their individual achievements; and helpthem gain a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment from their work.

MISSION

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"Together we create the enterprises of tomorrow to provide world-class information

technology solutions and services to enable our customers to serve their customersbetter".

Business Empowerment (to the power n)

SOLUTIONS:

The one stop shop solution center for all IT needs, customized to meet and scale withunique Business Needs.

SERVICES:

A range of value added services in IT infrastructure operations and management.

STANDARDS:

World Class Quality standards maintained for PPP (People, Processes &Performance). Alliance with global technology leaders.

SAVINGS:

We help find new ways to reduce costs & "do more with less" by maximizing thevalue of technology and personal resources, thereby reducing total cost of

ownership(TCO).

SATISFACTION:

Complete Satisfaction for the customers through offering that enables one tomaximize system uptime through rapid response and resolution services, thereby

optimizing your IT investments

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Fields of Development

Web Application Development:

New website Development

Website Redesigning

E-commerce Shopping system

E-commerce Integration

Online Payment Integration

Business Portal

Community Portal

Custom Application Development:

Stand-alone Customized software

Client/Server Based Development

Web based software development

Flash Websites:

Custom Splash/Introduction page

Multimedia CD Presentation

Web Design:

Visual look and feel of website

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Logo for the website/company

.

COMPANYs PRODUCTS

Application Software

ERP Solution for School Management System

Stock Inventory Cum Billing Software

Payroll Management Software including TDS

ERP Solution for Educational Academies

Library Management System

Examination System

Contact Manager

Embedded Solutions

SMS Management System

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Understanding .Net Frame Work

DEFINITION:

The .Net framework can be defined as a language neutral platform designed to provide anumber of rich and powerful application development tools and technologies. It has an

extensive class library that provides wide-ranging support for data access..Net framework has an independent code execution and management environment called

the Common Language Runtime (CLR) which ensures that code is safe to run, and

provides an abstract layer on top of the operating system, which allows the elements ofthe .Net framework to run on many operating systems and devices.

THE .NET VISION:

The basic idea behind the development of the .Net framework is that a global broadbandnetwork will someday globally connect all devices and the software will become aservice provided over this network.

The .Net framework provides the foundation and the plumbing on which the Microsoft

.Net vision is built. The vision is about having a global network and open standards likeXML to make it easier for parties to exchange data and work together. Now devices will

use common languages like XML over standardized or shared protocols such as HTTP

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and these devices will be running a multitude of software on various operating systems.

This is not limited to Microsoft but also to other operating systems such as sun, IBM.The .Net framework provides the tools and the technologies needed to write applications

that can seamlessly and easily communicate over the Internet using open standards like

XML and SOAP. It also aims at solving the various problems that are faced bydevelopers while working on applications made using the windows DNA. It provides a

solution to problems such as registering of components and shutting down applications in

order to upgrade them.

BENEFITS OF USING .NET:

The windows platform is inherently complex and may pose several problems for

programmers. However the .Net platform is used as it provides solutions to many suchproblems and offers an Internet centric platform.

The following are the benefits of using .Net platform:

Multiple platform Support

.Net platform has been designed keeping multiple platform support as a key feature. For

version 2.0 this means that the code written using the .Net platform can run on allversions of Windows. i.e. Windows 98,95,NT,2000 and so on.

Microsoft has included rich support for all the platforms. Also this code shall also work

on any 64-bit processor that may be used by Microsoft later.It is also expected that .Net shall run on other platforms like UNIX also, however it is not

for sure that all functionality will be available for the same.

. Net as a clean start

On the windows platform, the technologies available often depend on the programminglanguage that they are written in, so they are very different. Depending on the chosen

programming language, these technologies can be restrictive.

The problem with this approach is that it makes the Windows platform harder to

understand.Using .Net there is just one simple object oriented way of accessing the functionality of

the .Net Framework.

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(The best and most commonly used technologies being merged in .Net)

Performance

. Net has been designed to provide great performance and scalability. For .Net to succeed,the companies must be able to migrate their applications and not suffer due to the way the

CLR works. To ensure this CLR converts the code into native machine code. So the

conversion can take step-by-step method and will make use of the given machines

resources and processor features.As newer versions of the CLR are released and technologies like windows forms are

released, each release will have a better performance and smaller memory footprints.

Also .Net has succeeded in replacing completely the older technologies like COM withbetter and efficient design equivalents. At the heart of the .Net platform is the CLR.

.NET FRAMEWORK DRILL DOWN:

The .Net framework consists of four major areas:

Application development technologies

Class libraries

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. Net Framework

MFC

Windows API

ASPVB FORM


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Base class libraries

The Common Language Runtime

(Description of the layered .Net Framework architecture)

The various layers can be explained in detail as:

Application Development Technologies:

.Net offers technologies for building web applications, providing many new features anda much cleaner programming model. The two main features are:

Web Services:-

These are programmable business logic components that serve as black boxes to provide

access to functionality via the Internet using the standard protocols such as HTTP.Web services are based on the application of XML called the SOAP (Simple ObjectAccess Protocol)

Windows forms:-

For developing standard GUI applications, the .Net Framework provides the window

forms.

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Application

Development Technologies

Class Libraries

Base Class Libraries

Common Language

Runtime

.NetF

ram

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Window forms are an extensive class library that exposes the functionality of the

Windows common Controls using the Object Oriented capabilities of .net Framework.

Class libraries:

The .Net Framework provides an extensive set of class libraries. This includesclasses for:

Data access:

High performance data access classes for connecting to SQL server, ORACLE or anyother database for which OLEDB or ODBC provider is available.

Base Class Libraries:

The base class library in the .Net framework is huge. It covers areas such ascollections; thread support, code generation, IO, reflection and many more.

The list of base class libraries is huge but can be looked in through the Wincv tool that is

used to locate them.

Common Language Runtime:

The CLR proves to be one of the most radical tools use in the .Net Framework. Itis a language neutral platform that converts code generated by all the languages in the

.Net platform to a language called the (IL) Intermediate Language. This is further

converted into the native machine language.The CLR enables the .Net framework to run on a number of different devices. It forms an

intermediate layer between the operating system and the .Net Framework.

Accounting

Accounting is the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significantmanner in terms of money transactions and events which in part, atleast of a financialcharacter and interpreting the results thereof.

Accountingis the process of measuring and recording the financial value of the assetsand liabilities of a business and monitoring these values as they change with the passage

of time. When we refer to a business we could be referring to an individual, a companyor any other entity for which accounting records are to be kept

Objectives of accounting

To ascertain whether the business operations have been profitable or not.

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To ascertain the financial position of the business.

To generate information.

Systematic record of business transactions.

The organizational accounting system provides information in the form of ledgeraccounts maintained in the books of accounts. The additional information that is

needed is obtained by deriving it from the information that is existing in the ledger

accounts.

Classification of accounting

The ledger accounts maintained within an organizational accounting system areclassified into three as Personal, Real and Nominal.

Real AccountsReal accounts are related to tangible aspects. In general we can identify that all assetaccounts are real accounts.

Personal Accounts

Personal accounts are related to persons and organizations. These are

persons/organization which owe the organization or to whom the organization owes.

In effect they either form creditors (liabilities) or debtors (assets).

Nominal Accounts

Nominal accounts are related to expenses, losses, incomes and gains.

Since ascertaining profits or losses involves dealing with incomes, gains, expensesand losses we can conclude that all the nominal accounts together would give us the

information relating to the profits or losses made by the organization.

Some Important Terms

Assets

The assets of a business are those things that belong to the business that have apositive financial value i.e. items that could be sold by the business in exchange for

money. Examples of assets include land, buildings, vehicles, stock, equipment, rare

gold coins, bank accounts with positive balances and money owed to the business byits debtors.

Real accounts and Personal accounts are capable of being called assets. Any element

(account) that is capable of being liquidated (that is capable of being converted to

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cash by giving it away) indicates an asset. Machinery, Furniture, Cash, etc are real

accounts that can be called assets.

Debtors represent Assets

Debtors represent the persons and organization who owe to the organization. They

would clear their dues by paying out either in cash or in some other form. ThusDebtors get liquidated and as such can be called assets.

LiabilitiesThe liabilities of a business are those things that belong to the business but unlike

assets have a negative financial value i.e. items that will require the payment of

money by the business at some point in the future. Examples of liabilities include

unpaid bills, unpaid taxes, unpaid wages, rusty motor vehicles, stock that has passed

its use-by date, overdrawn bank accounts and money owed by the business to itscreditors.

All elements representing liabilities are Personal accounts. An element that is capableof being cleared by paying out indicates a liability.

Creditors represent Liabilities

Creditors represent the persons and organization to whom the organization owes. The

organization would clear its due by paying them either in cash or in some other form.Thus creditors are cleared by paying out and as such can be called liabilities.

Equity

The equity of a business is defined as the value of the assets minus the value ofthe liabilities. In other words the equity is the financial value that would be left if all

the assets were sold and the money from the sale was used to pay off all the

liabilities. Another way of expressing this is to say that the equity is the amount ofmoney that would be released if the business was to be wound up.

Accounting Period

Accounting Period is that period for which the organization ascertains the profit or

loss. If the organization is trying to ascertain the profits made over a year, then the

accounting period is a year. If it is trying to ascertain the profits made over a sixmonths period, then the accounting period is six-months.

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There are two aspects relating to an accounting period. The length of the period as

well as the being/end dates of the period. These can be ascertained from the way theaccounting period is stated.

For example, where the accounting period of an organization is stated asFrom 1st July to 31st December,

This implies that the length of the accounting period is 6 months.

One year and starts on 1st January every year.

This implies that the accounting period is from 1st January to 31st December and isone year long.

Final Accounts

Two main objectives of maintaining accounts are to find out the profit/loss made bythe business at the end of a regular periodic interval and to ascertain the financialposition of the business on a given date. Final accounts are prepared to achieve these

objectives of accountancy. Trading and Profit /Loss Account and Balance Sheet are

prepared to give the final results to the business, so these are collectively called asFinal Accounts

Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts

To derive the information relating to profits from these nominal accounts a ledger

account by name "Trading and Profit & Loss a/c" is prepared. Preparation of these

ledger accounts requires us to think beyond just transferring the information in the

nominal accounts into these accounts.

Almost in all cases, we use two separate ledger accounts "Trading a/c" and "Profit

and Loss a/c" to derive information relating to profits with a greater detail. [The morethe information we need, the more the accounting heads we need to maintain].

Since all the nominal accounts have been dealt with in deriving the informationrelating to profits and we are left with only the real and personal accounts which

represent either assets or liabilities we can conclude that all the real and personal

accounts together give us the information relating to the position of the organization.

Balance Sheet

To derive the information relating to the position of the organization from these real

and personal accounts a statement by name "Balance Sheet" is prepared.However preparing the Balance sheet need us to think a bit beyond just listing out the

information relating to the personal and real accounts in the statement.

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The assets, liabilities and equity of a business are all financial measurements thatrelate to a particular point in time. The financial statement that is used to present this

information is known as the balance sheet. The balance sheet is a statement of the

assets, liabilities and equity of a business as they exist at a particular point in time.The relationship between the assets, the liabilities and the equity can be represented

algebraically by what is commonly known as the accounting equation. If we use the

letter A to represent the assets, the letter L to represent the liabilities and the letter P

to represent the equity then the accounting equation is

P = A - L

This equation states that the equity is the value of the assets minus the value of the

liabilities. This equation is more commonly written as

A = L + P

This equation states that the value of the assets is equal to the value of the liabilities plus the equity. This is just another way of saying the same thing. Because the

equity is defined as the value of the assets minus the value of the liabilities then this

equation is always true by definition.

A balance sheet is commonly divided into two sections. One section shows the value

of the assets and the other section shows the value of the liabilities and the equity.

Each section will be broken down into more or less detail depending on the intended

use of the balance sheet. Because the accounting equation is always true the totals ofeach of the two sections of the balance sheet should always be the same i.e. the

balance sheet should always be in balance.

The income of a business is the sum of those things that increase the value of the

assets without any corresponding increase in the liabilities or any new investment by

the owners of the business. Examples include revenue from the sale of goods,equipment or services supplied, rent or interest received and capital gains.

The expenses of a business are those things that reduce the value of the assets withoutany corresponding reduction in the liabilities or any capital drawings by the owners.

Examples include the cost of stock and raw materials, rent or interest paid, electricitybills, telephone, wages, taxes, dividends, depreciation and donations to charity.

The income and expenses of a business are financial measurements that relate to aspecified period of time rather than a specific point in time. The financial statement

that is used to present this information is known as the income statement. The

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income statement is a statement of the income and expenses of a business as they

occur during a specific period.

If we use the letter I to represent the income over a specified period of time and the

letter E to represent the expenses over that same period we can represent therelationship between the assets, the liabilities, the equity, the income and the expenses

by using a modified form of the accounting equation as follows

A = L + P + (I - E)

This equation states that the value of the assets is equal to the value of the liabilities

plus the equity plus the excess of income over expenses. Another way of writing thisequation is

A + E = L + P + I

This equation states that the value of the assets plus the expenses is equal to the value

of the liabilities plus the equity plus the income. This is just another way of sayingthe same thing. However it is helpful to express it in this way when we come to

consider the practice of bookkeeping below.

The income statement is commonly divided into two sections in a similar fashion tothe balance sheet. One section shows the total income and the other section shows

the total expenses. Like the balance sheet each section will be broken down into

more or less detail depending on its intended use. However unlike the balance sheet

the totals of each of the two sections are unlikely to be the same. The difference willusually be shown as a separate item at the bottom of the income statement and if the

total income exceeds the total expenses it will be given a title such as retained

earnings, net profit or excess of income over expenditure. If the total expenses

exceed the total income it will instead be called something like retained loss, net lossorexcess of expenditure over income.

Income and expenses are financial measurements that relate to the performance of a

business during a specified period of time. For this reason the income statement is

also known as the statement of financial performance. It describes the performanceof a business during a specified period. It is sometimes also referred to as the profit

and loss statement.

When is the information relating to profits & position collected/derived

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Information needs vary from organization to organization. Even the information

relating to profits and position would also be derived for such periods and on suchdates respectively depending on the organizations need or this information.

Period for which profits are ascertainedThe information relating to profits is something that is needed by the organization

periodically.

For what period do we try to ascertain profits . Do we think of profits made every dayor over a week or over a month or over a six month period or over a year? This is

dependent on the information needs of the organization. Though theoretically it is

possible to derive this information's for any time period, conventionally it is derivedfor a year. That is in most cases, information relating to profits is derived over a year.

We think of profits made over a year.

Day on which position is ascertainedThe information relating to the position may be needed by the organization at many

points of time. Theoretically this is also capable of being derived at any point of time

we need it.

However, conventionally it is derived at a point which indicates the end of the period

for which the profits are ascertained. Say if we think of profits made for the period

from 1st April 2005 to 31st March 2006, we think of deriving the position as on 31stMarch 2006.

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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

PRODUCT DEFINITION

Computerized systems are organized by function, or task. Access to functions is arranged

in terms of menus. In such a menu-driven system, one must first access the most generalgroup of functions, called the main menu, then choose from one or more submenus until

one reaches the final function one needed.

The main menu is classified into three parts:

Administration:- it includes all the entries of the master tables, these tables are rarelymodified on daily basis.

Transaction:- it deals with transaction tables which are updated regularly on daily basis

Since the sale, purchase takes place on daily basis affecting the amount of stock owned.

Reports:- reports provide the detailed as well as summarized information about the dailytransactions ,a DayBook is created for that. Ledger, Profit/Loss Account, Trading

Account, Balance Sheet are also created.

Accounting systems are computerized to journalise , post and prepare reports faster and

more reliably.

Objectives of the project

calculate accurately all the transactions

complete and proper bill management

maintain full records of stock

record all the details about customers ,suppliers, salesman etc.

prepare reports of all the transactions taking place daily just on one click

prepare final accounts at the end of each financial year

to stop all the unfair means of recording the transactions and stock.

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PROCESSING ENVIORNMENT

Minimum Software Requirement

ASP.NET C#

SQL Server 2005

HTML

IIS 5.0 Microsoft Windows 2000

Minimum Hardware Requirement

CPU Configuration

Pentium-4 processor

20/40 GB HDD

256 MB SDRAM

1.44 MB FDD

CD ROM

Super VGA Color Monitor

Key board

Mouse

Printer

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SDLC (System Development Life Cycle)

Initial Study

INTRODUCTION

The first step in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the preliminary

investigation to determine the feasibility of the system. The purpose of the preliminaryinvestigation is to evaluate project requests. It is not a design study nor does it include the

collection of details to describe the business system in all aspect. Rather it is the

collection of the information that helps committee members to evaluate the merits of theproject request and make an informed judgment about the feasibility of the proposed

project.

The preliminary investigation should accomplish the following objective

Determine the size of the project.

Assess Cost and Benefits of alternative Approaches

Determine the technical and operational feasibility of alternative approaches.

Report the findings to management; with recommendations outlining the

acceptance or rejection of the proposal.

INVESTIGATION PHASE

The investigation phase is also known as the fact-finding stage or the analysis of the

current system. This is a detailed study conducted with the purpose of wanting to fully

understand the existing system and to identify the basic information requirements.Various techniques may be used in fact-finding and all fact obtained must be recorded.

A thorough investigation was done in every effected aspect when determining whether

the purposed system is feasible enough to be implemented.

CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION

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The data that the analysts collect during preliminary investigations are gathered through

three primary methods:

Reviewing organization documents

Onsite Observation

Conducting Interviews

PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system handles all the faults of the existing system. In the proposed system

everything is done online. Customers can get the best deal regarding their projectswithout visiting offices. Customers will post their complaint specifications through this

unique method of handling complaints.

Customers can also post any suggestions or whether their complaint has been handled or

not.

CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS

The constraints and limitation within a system are the drawbacks that occur during the

implementation of the system. These limitations and constraints can crop up in almostevery system. The most important fact is to find a way to overcome these problems.

Software design is the first of three technical activities

Design

Code Generation

Test

Those are required to build and verify the software. Each activity transforms information

in manner that ultimately results in validated computer software.

The design task produces a data design, an architectural design, an interface design andcomponent design.

The design of an information system produces the details that clearly describe how asystem will meet the requirements identified during system analysis. The system design

process is not a step by step adherence of clear procedures and guidelines. When I started

working on system design, I face different types of problems; many of these are due to

constraints imposed by the user or limitations of hardware and software available.

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Some times it was quite difficult to enumerate that complexity of the problems and

solutions thereof since the variety of likely problems is so great and no solutions areexactly similar however the following consideration I kept in mind during design phased.

DESIGN OBJECTIVES

The primary objective of the design is to deliver the requirements as specified in the

feasibility report. These are the some of the objectives, which I kept in mind.

Practicality

The system is quite stable and can be operated by the people with average intelligence.

Efficiency

I tried to involve accuracy, timeliness and comprehensiveness of the system output .

Cost

It is desirable to aim for the system with a minimum cost subject to the condition that itmust satisfy the entire requirement.

Flexibility

I have tried that the system should be modifiable depending on the changing needs of the

user. Such modifications should entail extensive reconstructing or recreation of software.

Security

This is very important aspect which I followed in this designing phase and tried to coversthe areas of hardware reliability, fallback procedures, and physical security of data.

CONCLUSION

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From the initial study we concluded that the customers and Company were facing various

kinds of problems and the proposed system is helpful in solving them.

Feasibility Analysis

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS A FEASIBILITY STUDY?

Prior to stating whether the system we have to develop is feasible or not we believe thatwe should emphasize on what is implied by the word Feasibility. Feasibility is themeasure of how beneficial or practical the development of the system will be to the

organization. It is a preliminary survey for the systems investigation. It aims to provide

information to facilitate a later in-depth investigation.

The report produced at the end of the feasibility study contains suggestions and reasoned

arguments to help management decide whether to commit further resources to theproposed project.

Having gone through all measures of feasibility we report to the management to figure

out if the objectives of the new system are met.

For e.g. - Is the system within the budget allowed for it?

Will the organizations needs, be met by the new proposed system asOriginally envisaged?

If and when the objectives of the system are met and the new system is approved, thenthe more specific details in the proposal should be considered and approved.

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TYPES OF FEASIBILITY

There are various measures of feasibility that helps to decide whether a particular project

is feasible or not. These measures include-

Operational Feasibility

Technical Feasibility

Economical and Financial Feasibility

Operational Feasibility

A proposed system is beneficial only if it can be turned into an information system thatwill meet the operational requirements of an organization. A system often fails if it does

not fit within existing operations and if users resist the change.

Important issues a systems developer must look into are:

Will the new system be used if implemented in an organization?

Are there any major barriers to implementation or is proposed system

accepted without destructive resistance?

Compared to the semi-computerized system the chances of avoiding errors in acomputerized system is much higher because the user need not stress himself

unnecessarily resulting in recklessness. Unlike the semi-computerized system therewould be backup data for all the information concerning the daily transactions occurred

within the organization.

Another important fact to be regarded is the security control, which is handled by the

system. Since data regarding each Customer and the Organization is confidential, securityis a key issue. Information falling into the wrong hands could jeopardize the entire

organization. Unlike in semi-computerized systems the proposed system offers adequate

control to protect the organization against fraud and embezzlement and guarantees theaccuracy and Security of data and information. This is handled by the system providing

individuals with separate login names and passwords.

The new system is user-friendlier, which enables the end-user to complete his/her work

efficiently and accurately with interest. After taking the above fact into consideration we

can state the operating of the proposed system within the organization is feasible.

In this phase of the feasibility study the following two main topics

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Technical Performance Aspect

Acceptance within the organization

Technical performance aspect is explained in the technical feasibility report and there is

no new information is needed in this to explain it again, but as for the acceptance withinthe organization the following points are important and those are explained according to

the topics

Whether the system provides right information to the right place?

In the current system which is the semi computerized system the information may be lost

in the process of sending from one place to another. This is mainly due to humaninteraction in the process of the transferring information from one place to another.

Whether the new system affects the current users in the system?

The new proposed system will affect the users in the following areas

Accuracy - Efficiency - Productivity - Robustness - Lesser time consuming

Technical Feasibility

Based on the outline design of system requirements in terms of inputs, outputs, files,procedures and staff, the technical issues raised during technical feasibility include:

Does the necessary technology exist to do what is proposed?

Does the proposed equipment have the technical capacity to hold the data

required to use in the new system?

Adequate responses provided by the proposed system?

Is the system flexible enough to facilitate expansion?

Is there any technical guarantee of accuracy, reliability, ease of access and

data security?

The system developers task is to view needed capabilities in light of currently availabletechnology. Since the existing system is semi-computerized it is clear to us that there is

no efficiency in the use of technology within the organization. The solution is the

implementing the new computerized system, which works hand in hand with hightechnology.

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A database has to be maintained in order to update and backup data whenever a

transaction occurs. To create databases we use SQL server.

After taking the above facts into consideration we can state that the new proposed system

is technically feasible.

System Security

System security is a vital aspect when it comes to developing a system. The system

should ensure the facility of preventing unauthorized personnel from accessing the

information and the data within the system. The system should provide total protectionfor each users information so that the integrity of data is sustained and also prevent

hackers from hacking the system.

The proposed system ensures the security and the integrity of data. This is done byproviding a password login system for each authorized users. And for example the

System Administrator has access to all kinds of information.

By providing this facility information is properly managed and information is protected.

For example the system administrators day to day tasks are lessened and easier because

he doesnt have to have a constant eye on the system and worry about hackers hacking

the system.

Economical and Financial Feasibility

In making recommendations a study of the economics of the proposed system should be

made. The proposed System must be justifiable in terms of cost and benefit, to ensure

that the investment in a new/changed system provides a reasonable return.

Cost-benefit analysis of information is complicated by the fact that many of the systemscost elements are poorly defined and that benefit can often be highly qualitative and

subjective in nature.

In our proposed system various costs are evaluated. Even though finding out the costs of

the proposed project is difficult we and assume and estimate the costs and benefits asfollows.

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According to the computerized system we propose, the costs can be broken down to two

categories.

Costs associated with the development of the system.

Costs associated with operating the system.

Software Requirement Specifications

The software requirement specification is produced at the culmination of the analysistask. The function and performance allocated to software as part of system engineering

are refined by establishing a complete information description, a detailed functional

description, a representation of system behavior, an indication of performancerequirement and design constraints appropriate validation criteria, and other information

pertinent to requirement.

The introduction to software requirements specification states the goals and objectives ofthe software, describing it in the context of the computer based system.

The Information Description provides a detailed description of the problem that thesoftware must solve. Information content, flow and structure are documented. A

description of each function required to solve the problem is presented in the Functional

Description.

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Validation Criteria is probably the most important and ironically the most often neglectedsection of the software requirement specification.

Software requirement specification can be used for different purpose. Here are the major

uses.

STATEMENT OF USER NEEDS

The main purpose of the product specification is to define the need of the products user.

Some times, the specification may be a part of a contract sign between the producer and

the user. It could also form part of the user manuals. A users needs are sometimes not

clearly understood by the developer. If this is the case, a careful analysis involvingmany interactions with the user should be devoted to reaching a clear statement of

requirements; in order to avoid possible misunderstandings.

Sometimes, at the beginning of a project, even the user has no clear idea of what exactly

the desired product is. Think for instance of user interface , a user with no previous

experience with computer products may not appreciate the difference between , saymenu driven interaction and a command line interface. Even an exact formation of

system functions and performance may be missing an initial description produced by an

inexperienced user. Specifications are also used as a reference point during product

implementation. In fact, the ultimate goal of the implementation is to build a product thatneeds specification. Thus the implementers use specifications during design to make

design decisions and during the verification activity to check that the implementation

compiles with specifications.

System Design

INTRODUCTION:

System design is the process of developing specifications for a candidate system thatmeet the criteria established in the system analysis. Major step in system design is the

preparation of the input forms and the output reports in a form applicable to the user.

The main objective of the system design is to make the system user friendly. Systemdesign involves various stages as:

Data EntryData Correction

Data Deletion

Processing

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Sorting and Indexing

Report GenerationSystem design is the creative act of invention, developing new inputs, a database, offline

files, procedures and output for processing business to meet an organization objective.

System design builds information gathered during the system analysis.

CHARACTERSTICS OF A WELL DEFINED SYSTEM

In design an efficient and effective system is of great importance to consider the human

factor and equipment that these will require to use. System analyst must evaluate the

capabilities and limitations of the personal and corresponding factors of the equipmentitself.

The characteristics associated with effective system operations are:

Accessibility

Decision Making Ability

Economy

Flexibility

Reliability

SimplicitySuccess is a new system pivots on its acceptance or non-acceptance by the

organization.

PersonnelIf the operating system is convinced that the new system will not benefit them, it appears

one, and the system is in serious trouble. To overcome this resistance participation by

operating personal during all phases of the changeover is necessary because they

constitute the organization, which must use alive in with newly design system. Aneffective system produces not only information at the lowest cost pertinent and timely for

making decision.

Data Flow Diagrams

In the DFD, we give names to data flows, processes, and data stores. Although the names

are descriptive of the data, they do not give details. So the following the DFD, ourinterest is to build some structured place to keep details of the contents of data flow,

processes, and data store. A data dictionary is a structured repository of data about data. It

is a set of rigorous definition of all DFD data element and data structure

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DFD Symbols

In the DFD, there are four symbols,

A Square defines a source (originator) or destination of system data.

An Arrow identifies data flow- data in motion .It is pipeline through which

information flows.

A circle or a bubble (or a oval bubble) represents a process that transforms

incoming data flow(s) into outgoing data flow(s)

An open rectangle is a data store-data at rest , or temporary repository of data.

The following conventions were used in the data flow diagrams: Processes are operations that are performed on data.

The operations may include computations, decisions, and functions that edit,

delete and produce new data. A Process is represented by a circle (oval) and

is labeled with the operations it performs.

Data stores are information sources (in the system the data store is the

database). Boxes with lines on the vertical axes represent these. An Agent is

a person, organization or entity external to the system that gives and receivesinformation.

Rectangular boxes are used to represent agents. Finally, Arrows represent

either data being passed from one part of the system to another or methods

used to access parts of the system. Arrows can be unidirectional or bi-directional (data flowing between processes).

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Sales

Stock

Transacti

ons

Customer

Salesman

Voucher

Transact

ions

Products Stock Transactions

Voucher Transactions

Series Sales

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DFD Purchase Transactions


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System Testing

Purc

hase

Stock

Transactions

Supplier

Godown

Voucher

Transact

ions

Products Stock Transactions

Voucher Transactions

Series Purchase

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INTRODUCTION

The purpose of system testing is to identify and correct errors in the candidate system.Testing is and important element of software quality assurance ad represents the ultimate

review of specification, design and coding. The increasing visibility of the software as a

system element and the cost associated with a software failure are motivated forces forwell planned, through testing.

System testing was conducted in order to detect errors and for comparing then the finalsystem with the requirement specification reports, i.e. whether the system meets

requirements. During testing the software was executed with the set of test cases and the

output of programs for the test cases was evaluated to determine if the program isperforming as it was expected to.

Testing presents an interesting challenge for the software engineers attempt to build

software from an abstract concept to an acceptable implementation. In testing engineercreate a series of test cases that occurs when errors are uncovered. Testing is the process

of executing a program for finding errors. A good test is one that has the high probability

of finding an uncovered error. A successful error is one that uncovers undiscoverederrors.

The term error is used to refer the difference between actual output of the software and

the current output. Fault is a condition that causes the software to fail to perform itsrequired function. Software reliability is defined as a required function. Software

reliability is defined as the probability that the software will not undergoes failures for a

specified times under specified condition. Failure is the inability of a system or acomponent to perform a required function according to its specification. Different levels

of testing were employed for software to make it error free, fault free and reliable.

UNIT TESTING

Unit testing was conducted first. Different modules of the software were tested against

the specifications produced during design of the modules. Verification of the codeproduced during the coding phase was done. Each module was tested separately.

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Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design module.This uncovers errors within the boundary of a module. Unit testing is actually White box

testing both the external things as well as the internal codes are tested. In testing, the

interfaces are tested in order to ensure the proper flow of data in and out of the module.

The boundary testing is done to ensure that the module keeps the limit of it. All

independent paths are tested to ensure that all statements are tested at least once. At last

the error path is also tested.

Unit testing comprises the set of tests performed by an individual programmer prior to

integration of the unit into a larger system.

There are four categories of test that can be performed on a program unit.

Functional Unit

Performance Unit

Stress Unit

Structure Unit

SYSTEM TESTING

Then system testing was conducted. Here the entire software system was tested. The

reference document used for this process was requirement document and the goal was tosee if the software meets its requirements. System testing includes the thorough testing of

the product.

System testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully

exercise the computer-based system. The tests are recovery testing: this checks the

recovery of the system when failure occurs. This is to ensure that there are recoveryprocedures for error occurrences.

System testing involves unit testing, integration testing, acceptance testing. Careful

planning and scheduling are required to ensure that modules will be available forintegration into the evolving software product when needed.

A test plan has the following steps:

Prepare test plan

Specify conditions for user acceptance testing

Prepare test data for program testing

Prepare test data for transaction path testing

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Plan user testing

Compile/Assemble program

Prepare job performance aids

Prepare operational documents

OBJECTIVES OF TESTING

First of all objectives should be clear

Testing as a process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors.To perform testing, test cases are designed. A test case is a particular made up of artificialsituation upon which a program is exposed so as to find errors. So a good test case is one

that finds undiscovered errors.

If testing is done properly, it uncovers errors and after fixing those errors we havesoftware that is being developed according to specifications.

The above objective implies a dramatic change in viewpoint .The move counter to thecommonly held view than a successful test is one in which no errors are found. In fact,

our objective is to design tests that a systematically uncover different classes of errors

and do so with a minimum amount of time and effort.

TESTING PRINCIPLES

Before applying methods to design effective test cases, software engineer must

understand the basic principles that guide the software testing process. Some of the mostcommonly followed principles are:

All test should be traceable to customer requirements as the objective of testing is to

uncover errors, it follows that the most severe defects (from the customers point of view)

are those that causes the program to fail to meet its requirements.

Tests should be planned long before the testing begins. Test planning can begin as soonas the requirement model is complete. Detailed definition of test cases can begin as soonas the design model has been solidated. Therefore, all tests can be planned and designed

before any code can be generated.

The Pareto principle applies to software testing stated simply the Pareto principle implies

that 80 percent of all errors uncovered during testing will likely be traceable to 20 percent

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of all program modules. The problem of course, is to isolate these suspects modules and

to thoroughly test them.

Testing should begin in the small and progress towards testing in large. The first tests

planned and executed generally focus on individual modules. As testing progresses,

testing shifts focus in an attempt to find errors in integrated clusters of modules andultimately in the entire system.Exhaustive testing is not possible. The number of paths

permutations for impossible to execute every combination of paths during testing. It is

possible however to adequately cover program logic and to ensure that all conditions in

the procedural design have been exercised.

To be most effective, an independent third party should conduct testing. By most

effective, we mean testing that has the highest probability of finding errors (the primaryobjective of testing).

Software project management is an umbrella activity within software engineering. It

begins before any technical activity is intimated and continues throughout the definition,development, and maintenance of computer software.

Three ps 1 have a substantial influence on software project management people,

problem, and process. People must be organized into effective teams, motivated to dohigh quality software work, and coordinated to achieve effective communication. The

problem communicated from customer to developer, partitioned (decomposed) into itsconstitute parts, and positioned for work by the software team. The process must be

adapted to the people and the problem. A common process framework is selected, an

appropriate software engineering paradigm is applied, and a set of work is chosen to get

the job done.

The pivotal element in all software projects is people. Software engineers can be

organized in a number of different team structures that range from traditional controlhierarchies to Open paradigm team. A variety of coordination and communication

techniques can be applied to support the work of the team. In general, formal reviews andinformal person-to-person communication have the most value for the practitioners.

TEST INFORMATION FLOW

Testing is a complete process. For testing we need two types of inputs:

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SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION

It includes software requirement specification, design specification and source code of

program. Software configuration is required so that testers know what is to be expectedand tested.

TEST CONFIGURATION

It is basically test plan and procedure. Test configuration is testing plan that is, the way

how the testing will be conducted on the system. It specifies the test cases and their

expected value. It also specifies if any tools for testing are to be used.

Test cases are required to know what specific situations need to be tested. When tests are

evaluated, test results are compared with actual results and if there is some error, then

debugging is done to correct the error. Testing is a way to know about quality and

reliability. Error rate that is the occurrence of errors is evaluated. This data can be used topredict the occurrence of errors in future.

TEST CASE DESIGN

We know, test cases are integral part of testing. So we need to know more about testcases and how these test cases are designed. The most desired or obvious expectation

from the test cases is that it should be able to find most errors with the least amount of

time and effort.

A software product can be tested in two ways.

In first approach, only overall functioning of the product is tested. Inputs are given and

outputs ate checked.This approach is called black box testing. It does not care about the internal functioningof the product.

The other approach is called white box testing. Here the internal functioning of the

product is tested. Each procedure is tested for its accuracy. It is more intensive than blackbox testing. But for the overall product both these techniques are crucial. There should be

sufficient number of tests in both categories to test the overall product.

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BASIC METHODS OF TESTING

WHITE BOX TESTING

White box testing is performed to reveal problems with the internal structure of a

program. This requires the tester to have detailed knowledge of the internal structure. A

common goal of white box testing is to ensure a test case exercises every path through aprogram. A fundamental strength that all white box strategies share is that the entire

software implementation is taken into account during testing, which facilitates error

detection even when software specification is vague or incomplete. The effectiveness orthoroughness of white box testing is commonly expressed in terms of test or code

coverage metrics, which measure the fraction of code exercised by test cases.

BASIC PATH TESTING

It is a white box technique. It was proposed by Tom McCabe. These tests guarantee toexecute every statement in the program at least one time during testing. Basic set is the

set of all execution paths of a procedure.

BLACK BOX TESTING

Black box tests are performed to access how well a program meets its requirements,looking for incorrect or missing functionality. Functional tests typically exercise code

with valid or nearly valid input for which the expected output is known. This includesconcepts such as boundary values.

Performance tests evaluate response time, memory usage, throughput, device utilization

and execution time. Stress tests push the system to or beyond its specified limits toevaluate its robustness and error handling capabilities. Reliability tests monitor system

response to representative user input, counting failures over time to measure or certify

reliability.

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Black box testing uncovers the following types of errors:

Incorrect or missing functions

Interface errors

External database access

Performance errors

Initialization and termination errors

INTEGRATION TESTING

One of the most difficult aspects of software development is the integration and testing oflarge untested subsystems the integrated system frequently fails in significant ands

mysterious ways, and it is difficult to fix it. Integration testing exercises several units that

have been combined to form a module, subsystem or system. Integration testing focuseson the interfaces between units, to make sure the units work together. The nature of this

phase is certainly white box, as we must have knowledge of the units to recognize if we

have been successful in focusing them together in the module.

CONCLUSION

The system has been developed for the given condition and is found working effectively.

The developed system is flexible and changes whenever can be made easy. Using the

facilities and functionalities of .Net, the software has been developed in a neat and simplemanner, thereby reducing the operators work. The speed and accuracy are maintained in

proper way. The user friendly nature of this software developed in .Net framework is

very easy to work with both for the higher management as well as other employees withlittle knowledge of computer. The results obtained were fully satisfactory from the user

point of view. The system was verified with valid as well as invalid data in each manner.

The system is run with an insight into the necessary modifications that may require in thefuture. Hence the system can be maintained successfully without much effort.

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Implementation and Working

Implementation is the stage in the project where the theoretical design is turned into the

working system and is giving confidence to the new system for the users i.e. will work

efficiently and effectively. It involves careful planning, investigation of the currentsystem and its constraints on implementation, design of method to achieve the change

over, an evaluation, of change over methods. A part from planning major task of

preparing the implementation is education of users. The more complex system is

implemented, the more involved will be the system analysis and design effort requiredjust for implementation.

An implementation coordinating committee based on policies of individual organization

has been appointed. The implementation process begins with preparing a plan for the

implementation for the system. According to this plan, the activities are to be carried out.

Discussions may be regarding, the equipment which has to be acquired to implement thenew system.

Implementation is the final and important phase. The most critical stage is in achieving asuccessful new system and in giving the users confidence that the new system will work

and be effective. The system can be implemented only after thorough testing is done andif it found to working according to the specification. This method also offers the greatestsecurity since the old system can take over if the errors are found or inability to handle

certain types of transaction while using the new system.

At the beginning of the development phase a preliminary implementation plan is created

to schedule and manage the many different activities that must be integrated into plan.

The implementation plan is updated throughout the development phase, culminating in a

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change over plan for the operation phase. The major elements of implementation plan aretest plan, training plan, equipment installation plan, and a conversion plan.

TYPES OF IMPLEMENTATIONS

Implementation of a computer system to replace a manual system.

Implementation of a new computer system to replace an existing system

Implementation of a modified application to replace an existing one, using the

same computer

Successful implementation may not guarantee improvement in the organization using the

new system, but improper installation will prevent it.

It has been observed that even the best system cannot show good result if the analysts

managing the implementation do not attend to every important detail. This is an area

where the systems analysts need to work with utmost care.

IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS

Training personnel Conversion Procedures

Post-implementation review

TRAINING OF PERSONNEL

Even well designed system can succeed or fail because of the way they are operated and

used. Therefore, the quality of training received by the personal involved with the systemin various capacities helps or hinders and may even prevent the successful

implementation of management information system.Those who are directly or indirectly related with the system development work mustknow in detail what must know in detail what their roles will be, how they can make

efficient use of the system and what the

System will or will not do for them. Both system operators and users need training.

SYSTEM OPERATOR TRAINING

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Running of the system successfully depends on the personnel working in the Computer

Centre. They are Responsible for providing the necessary support. Their training mustensure that they are able to handle all possible operations, both routine and extra-ordinary

in nature.

If the system calls for the installation of new equipment, such as new computer system,

special terminals or different data entry machines, the operators training should include

such fundamentals as how to turn the equipment on and use it, how to power off and aknowledge of what constitutes normal operations. The operators should also be trained on

different type of malfunctioning, how to recognize them and what steps should also be

taken whenever they arise.

USER TRAINING

User may be trained on use equipment, particularly in the case where, e.g. amicrocomputer is in use and individual involved is both operator and user. In such cases,

user must be given training on how to operate and user. In such cases, user must be given

training on how to operator the system also. Questions that may be trivial to the analyst,

such as how to turn on a terminal, how to insert a diskette into a micro-computer or whenit is safe to turn off equipment with out danger of data loss are significant problems to

new users who are not familiar.

In most of the cases user training deals with the operation of the system itself, with

proper attention given to data handling techniques. It is imperative that users be properly

trained in methods of entering transaction, editing data, formulating inquiries, deletingand inserting of records. No training is complete without familiarizing users with simple

systems maintenance activities. Weakness in any aspect of training may lead of awkward

situation that creates user frustration and error.

CONVERSION METHODS

A conversion is the process of changing from the old system to the new one. It must be

properly planned and executed. Four methods are common in use. They are Parallel

Systems, Direct Conversion, Pilot System and Phase In method. Each method should beconsidered in the light of the opportunities that it offers and problems that it may create.

In general, system conversion should be accomplished in shortest possible time. Long

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conversion periods create problems for all persons involved including both analysts and

users.

PARALLEL SYSTEMS

The most secure method of converting from an old to new system is to run both systems

in parallel. This method is safest one because it ensures that in case of any problem in

using new system, the organization can still fall back to the old system without the loss oftime and money.

The disadvantages of parallel systems approach are:

It doubles operating costs.The new system may not get fair trial.

DIRECT CONVERSION

This method converts from the old system to new system abruptly, sometimes over a

weekend or even overnight. The old system is used until a planned conversion day, whenit is replaced by the new system.

PILOT SYSTEM

Pilot approach is often preferred in the case of the new system, which involves newtechniques or some drastic changes in organization performance. In this method, a

working version of the system is implemented in one part of the organization, such as a

single work area or department.

PHASE-IN METHOD

This method is used when it is not possible to install a new system throughout an

organization all at once. The conversion of files, training of personnel or arrival of

equipment may force the staging of the implementation over a period of time, rangingfrom weeks to months.

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POST IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW

After the system is implemented and conversion is complete, a review should be

conducted to determine whether the system is meeting expectations and whereimprovements are needed. A post implementation review measures the systems

performance against predefined requirement. It determines how well the system

continues to meet the performance specifications.

Maintenance

INTRODUCTION

After a system has been executed and produced satisfactory results, its stored as a

software package or in system library. The needs of an organization may change withtime and a lot more may be expected from the system and this needs either

development of a new system or modifications in the existing program. Modification

in the system may also be required if it fails to working changed environments, whichmay be caused by the use of better machines.

The system maintenance means continuous modification and updating of the systemto meet the requirements of the users. Its certainly cheaper than developing a new

system. Technical documentation plays an important role in the system maintenance.

Maintenance is the enigma of system development. It holds the software industrycaptive, typing up programming resources. Analysts and programmers spend far more

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time maintaining programs then they do writing them. Maintenance can be classified

as corrective, adaptive or perfective.

MAINTAINENCE

Software system maintenance covers a wide range of activities, including correcting

coding and design errors, updating documentation and test data and upgrading usersupport. It is the process of changing the system to maintain its ability to survive. The

system design can adopt any of the under given system maintenance strategies.

Corrective Maintenance

The design software can be maintained by corrective maintenance that is concernedwith fixing reported errors in the software. Coding errors are relatively cheap to fix as

compared to design errors and requirement errors. The requirement errors are more

expensive, as redesigning of the entire system is to fix them.

Adaptive Maintenance

The design software can be maintained by adaptive maintenance if case there is a

need to change the system environment such as a different hardware platform or forusing it with different operating system.

Predictive Maintenance

The design system can be maintained by predictive maintenance if there is need to

implement new functional requirements. These are generated due to the changing

requirements of the software customers as their organization or business changes.

Maintenance of the system follows the following steps

System Documentation

System documentation is a process that emphasizes on documentation the

requirement, design, plan, code implementation and testing of the system as whole.In a product life cycle, there will be a number of documents like requirementsspecification design, documents, user manuals, release documents etc. that will be

generated. The types of documentation that are covered under system documentation

also include training material, user manuals, operations manual, and releasedocument. The documentation will be reviewed and approved by concerned users of

the documentation. The purpose of the system documentation process is to develop

and maintain the documentation that will be used to install and operate the product.

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This process also ensures that the documentation developed is synchronized with

latest product release.Our product document typically consists of the following:

Deliverable (file name size etc.): It includes the code after making changes in theoriginal code.

Test Summary Report: It includes the result generated by executing the test cases

designed by us and the test cases given to us by the customer and transporter. List ofall the corresponding changes made in the existing code and reason why the changes

are necessary.

These documents not only ensures that the system is well designed and is fully

complaint with the needs of the user but also helps in further maintenance

programmers of the software system. A well documented system helps themaintenance of the software by providing the maintenance programmers and insight.

SCREEN-SHOTS OF THE PROJECT

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MAIN MENU SCREEN

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ADMINISTRATION

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Groups

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Accounts

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Products

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Company

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Sales Setup

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Purchase Setup

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Series

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TRANSACTIONS

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Sales

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Purchase

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Voucher Entry

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Opening Stock

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Item Search (Opening Stock)

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Stock Adjustment

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Creating Batch (Stock Adjustment)

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Sales Return

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REPORTS

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Sales Summary Report

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Purchase Summary Report

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Accounts (Reports)

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Day Book (Accounts Report)

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Ledger (Accounts Report)

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BIBLIOGRAPHYDatabase Management System By Vipin C. Desai

System analysis and Design By Elias M. Awad

SQL Server By Microsoft Press

ASP.Net By Wrox Publications

C# By Balagurusamy

WEBSITES

www.google.com

final project training report

Documents