fire fighting on board ship, safety course

7/18/2019 Fire Fighting on Board Ship, Safety Course

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20

Fire on Board – Part I.

FIRE FIGHTING ONBOARD SHIP

I



• A fre on a ship is one o the most dangerousincidents which can happen on board. I the freis detected in good time, the crew can preventlarger damages by taking immediate measures

– such as fghting the fre by use o a fre hoseunder breathing protection.

• I the fre has already spread, proessional aidis absolutely needed, which can be rendered

via helicopter or by ship.



Multiple Choice Test

• A fre on a ship is one o the most dangerousincidents which can happen onbroad/board/breadth.

• I the fre is covered/found/detected in good

time, the crew can prevent larger damages bytaking immediate measures – such as fghting thefre by use o a fre nose/host/hose underbreathing protection.

• I the fre has already sprung/spread/sparkled ,proessional aid is absolutely needed, which canbe rendered via helicopter or by ship.



• Every year more and more ships are lost through fre andcollision. Shipboard fre alone, however, results in moretotal losses o ships than any other orm o casualty.

• he most common causes o shipboard fre are the mostobvious! maintenance burning and welding are responsible

or nearly "# per cent o all outbreaks. Smoking leads tocountless fres that break out when no one e$pects. %ack oattention, spontaneous combustion and electrical aults arethe ma&or causes. he engine room is at special risk rom'ashbacks in oilfred boilers, leaky pipings carrying oil,overheated bearings and even the accumulation o rubbish(oil rags, dirty oil, tins o oil, etc.).

• *ire fghting at sea includes three distinct stages!detection, +locating the fre alarm+ inorming the rest othe ship control –actuating the means o e$tinguishingthe fre.



Supply the missing term

• Every year more and more ships are lost through ------ andcollision.

• Shipboard fre alone, however, results in more total losses oships than any other orm o ------.

• he most common causes o shipboard fre are the most

obvious! maintenance ------ and welding are responsible ornearly "# per cent o all ------.• Smoking leads to countless fres that break ------ when no one

e$pects.• %ack o attention, spontaneous combustion and electrical

------ are the ma&or causes.• he engine room is at special risk rom ------ in oilfred boilers,

------ pipings carrying oil, ------ bearings and even theaccumulation o rubbish (oil rags, dirty oil, tins o oil, etc.).

• *ire fghting at sea includes three distinct stages! ------,+locating the fre alarm+ inorming the rest o the ship ------– actuating the means o e$tinguishing the fre.



Coon Ca!ses o"S#ip$oard Fires

• he causes o engine room fres canusually be traced back to a %ac& o"aintenance or $ad'atc#&eepin( practices. hey areusually caused by "!e% spi%%s,o)er#eatin( coponents or

care%ess !se o" e%ectric 'e%din( or gas braing gear.



What are the most common causes ofship’s re?

• he causes o engine room fres can usuallybe traced back to a – lack o ------------ – bad ------------

• hey are usually caused by – uel ------------ , – ------------ components or – careless use o ------------ or

– ------------ gear.

• brae! to make a &oint between (two metal suraces) byusing a layer o brass or high+melting solder between them



• here are two ways o fghting fre on board aship + by using porta$%e marine fre fghtinge/uipments or by using di0erent types o *+ed fre fghting installations.

• he type o system used or fghting fredepends on the intensity and type o fre.1oreover, not all types o f$ed fre installationsystems can be used or any type o ship.

•

A specifc type o f$ed fre fghting installationcan be used only or a certain type o ship. Inthis article we will learn about a ship2s *re ainor the main fre fghting installation system.



Complete the follo!ingsentences

• here are two ways o fghting fre on board aship + by 3 3 3 3 3 or by using di0erenttypes o *+ed fre fghting installations.

• he type o system used or fghting fre

depends on 3 3 3 3 3 .• 1oreover, not all types o f$ed fre installation

systems can be used 3 3 3 3 3 .• A specifc type o f$ed fre fghting installation

can be used only 3 3 3 3 3 .• In this article we will learn about a 3 3 3 3

3 or the main fre fghting installation system.



Fire ,ain

• A ship2s main emergency fre system consist o aspecifc number o *re #-drants located atstrategic positions across the ship. A series odedicated p!ps are provided to supply tothese fre hydrants. he number and capacity opumps re/uired or a particular type o ship isdecided by an international governing authority.

• All these pumps are supplied power rom themain power system. Apart rom that, anemergency fre pump is also provided , which islocated remote rom the machinery space. heeer(enc- *re p!p has its own independentmeans o power source, which can be used totake over in case o main power ailure.



Supply the missing terms "#ireMain$

• A ship2s main emergency fre system consist o aspecifc number o located at strategicpositions across the ship. A series o dedicated are provided to supply to these frehydrants. he number and capacity o pumpsre/uired or a particular type o ship is decided byan international governing .

• All these pumps are supplied power rom the power system. Apart rom that, an fre pump is also provided , which is

located remote rom the machinery space. heeer(enc- *re p!p has its own independentmeans o power source, which can be used to takeover in case o main power .



Porta$%e Fire E+tin(!is#ers

fremain and hose reelsystem(manual actuation)



• 1oreover, all the #-drant o!t%ets are providedwith an isolating valve so as to isolate those valveswhich are not in use. he fre hydrants are alsoprovided with standard sie /an(es in order toattach #oses which have no%es attached tothem. All the hoses are provided with snap inconnectors or easy and /uick engaging anddisengaging operation.

• he noles attached to the hoses are generally otwo types + 1et and spra- , depending on the type

o discharge re/uired or e$tinguishing the fre.4oth the noles can be ad&usted according to thetype o spray and 'ow re/uired, which could beplayed over the fre to cool it without spreading.



Complete the follo!ing sentences

• All the #-drant o!t%ets are provided with anisolating valve so as to 3.. 3.. 3.. .

• he fre hydrants are also provided withstandard sie /an(es in order to 3.. 3.. 3.. . .

• All the hoses are provided with snap inconnectors or 3.. 3.. 3.. . .

• he noles attached to the hoses are generallyo two types + 3.. 3.. 3.. . , depending on thetype o discharge re/uired or e$tinguishing the

fre.• 4oth the noles can be ad&usted according to

3.. 3.. 3.. , which could be played over the freto cool it without spreading.



• he pumps are connected with the ain sea'ater connection, having appropriate #ead to prevent any type o suction problem.

• he )a%)es supplying water to these pumps

are always kept open to provide a constantsupply o sea water to fght fre at any point otime.

• hough sea water is the best mode o fghtingfre, the main emergency fre fghting system

can only be used on fres o T-pe A.• 5owever, in case o c%ass B fres, i all modes

or e$tinguishing fre ails, sea water rommain emergency system can be used.



Say !hich is T%&' or #()S'

• he pumps are connected with the ain "res# 'aterconnection

• he #ead o a pump is the power o the pumpe$pressed in tonnes.

• he appropriate #ead o the pump will prevent anytype o suction problem

• he )a%)es supplying water to these pumps are alwayskept closed to provide a constant supply o sea waterto fght fre at any point o time.

• he sea water is the best mode o fghting fre•

he main emergency fre fghting system cannot beused on fres o T-pe A.• In case o c%ass B fres, i all modes or e$tinguishing

fre ails, sea water rom main emergency system canbe used.



6e/uirements regarding fre protectionand e$tinguishing e/uipment !

• *or pumps involved in fre+fghting, aper"orance test is to be carried out in themanuacturer2s workshop under 7% supervision

• he oam concentrate should be o an appro)ed alcohol+resistant type suitable or oil and chemicalfres

• Each monitor supply pump is to be connected toat least one sea chest8sea connection

• 9ipelines or fre+fghting purposes (monitor supply,oam, water spray, etc.) installed on open deckshould have e0ective protection against corrosion

• he 'ater )e%ocit- inside suction pipes shallnormally not e$ceed : m8s and inside deliverypipes not e$ceed " m8s.



MCT

• *or pumps involved in fre+fghting, a preference/performance/capacity test is to becarried out in the manuacturer2s workshop under 7%supervision

• he oam concentrate should be o an

allo!ed/dispproved/approved alcohol+resistant typesuitable or oil and chemical fres• Each monitor supply pump is to be connected to at

last/least/lost one sea chest8sea connection• 9ipelines or fre+fghting purposes (monitor supply, oam,

water spray, etc.) installed on open deck should have

e0ective detection/protection/reaction againstcorrosion• he 'ater )e%ocit- inside suction pipes shall normally

not e$ceed : m8s and inside delivery pipes/lines/pipelines not e$ceed " m8s.



• Fire is classifed depending on theuel that causes fre.



T-pe o" *re F!e%

Class ( "*eneral re$ ;ood,9aper,<loths etc.,

Class + ",il re$ *lammable li/uids –gasoline, oil, grease etc.,

Class C "'lectricalre$

Electrical cables andelectricalmotors,switchboards etc.,

Class - "Chemicalre$

<hemicals – 6eactivechemicals and Activemetals

Fire is classifed depending on theuel that causes fre.



T-pe o" *re F!e%

Class ( "*eneral re$

Class + ",il re$

Class C "'lectricalre$

Class - "Chemicalre$

Supply the type of fuel"burning material$ for eachtype of re

he our types o fre



he our types o free/uipment

=. >ry 9owder *ire E$tinguisher– it has a black bandaround the body and is used or e$tinguishingelectrical and li/uid fres.

:. *oam *ire E$tinguisher – this has a yellow bandaround the body and is used or e$tinguishing oil

fres.?. ;ater *ire E$tinguisher – this has a red band

contained between two thin white bands around thebody. It is used to e$tinguish paper, wood and cloth.

". <@: *ire E$tinguisher – this has a black band around

the body and is used to e$tinguish electrical andli/uid fres.

6emember, only the >ry 9owder and <@: e$tinguishersshould be used on electrical fres.

*i th f t f



*ive the four types of ree.uipment

=. --------- *ire E$tinguisher– it has a black bandaround the body and is used or e$tinguishingelectrical and li/uid fres.

:. --------- E$tinguisher – this has a yellow bandaround the body and is used or e$tinguishing oil

fres.?. --------- E$tinguisher – this has a red band

contained between two thin white bands around thebody. It is used to e$tinguish paper, wood and cloth.

". --------- E$tinguisher – this has a black band

around the body and is used to e$tinguish electricaland li/uid fres.

6emember, only the >ry 9owder and <@: e$tinguishers shouldbe used on electrical fres.



Complete the sentences belo!

=. >ry 9owder *ire E$tinguisher– it has a blackband around the body and is used or 3 3 33

:. *oam *ire E$tinguisher – this has a yellow band

around the body and is used or 3 3 3 3 .?. ;ater *ire E$tinguisher – this has a red bandcontained between two thin white bandsaround the body. It is used to 3 3 3 3 .

". <@: *ire E$tinguisher – this has a black band

around the body and is used to 3 3 3 3 .

6emember, only the >ry 9owder and <@:e$tinguishers should be used on electrical fres.



<@*looding system (manual or

automatic actuation)or machinerycompartments

Sprinkler system(automatic actuation)



*ire on 4oard – 9art II.

Detection S-stes andFire A%ar

Detection S-stes and



Detection S-stes andFire A%ar

• A fre, i detected /uickly, can be ought andbrought under control with a minimum odamage. he use o fre detection devices is,thereore, increasing particularly in view o

reduced manning and unmanned machineryspaces.

• hree phenomena associated with fre areused to provide the alarm! smoke, 'ames, and

heat.• he smoke detector makes use o two

ionisation chambers, one open to theatmosphere and one closed.



Complete the tet belo!

• .... ..... ....., a fre, can be ought andbrought under control with a minimum odamage.

•

he use o fre detection devices is,thereore, increasing particularly becauseo reduced ..... and .... ..... ......

• hree phenomena associated with fre

are used to provide the alarm! .... ..... .....,• he smoke detector makes use o two

ionisation chambers, one .... ..... .....,



• he fne particles or aeroso%s giveno0 by the fre alter the resistance inopen ionisation chamber, resulting in

operation o a cold cathode gas+flled tube. he alarm sounds on theoperation o the tube to give warning

o fre. So&e detectors are usedin machinery spaces, accomodationareas and cargo holds.



Supply the right verb

• he fne particles or aeroso%s given ----- by the fre ----- the resistancein open ionisation chamber, ----- in

operation o a cold cathode gas+flled tube. he alarm ----- on theoperation o the tube to -----

warning o fre. So&e detectorsare ----- in machinery spaces,accomodation areas and cargo holds.



• *lames, as opposed to smoke, are oten the mainresult o gas and li/uid fres and 'ame detectorsare used to protect against such haard. *lamesgive o0 ultraviolet and inra+red radiation anddetectors are capable to respond to either. *lame

detectors are used near to uel handling e/uipmentin the machinery spaces and in such spaces asboiler rooms. 5eat detectors can use any o anumber o principles o operation, such as li/uide$pansion, low melting point materials or bimetallicstrips. he most usual detector nowdays operateson either a set temperature rise or a rate otemperature rise being e$ceeded. hus an increasein temperature occuring /uickly could set o0 thealarm beore the set temperature was reached.



1<

• *lames, as opposed to smoke, are oten the main result o gasand li/uid fres and 'ame in0ectors/inspectors/detectorsare used to protect against such haard.

• *lames give out/o1 /on ultraviolet and inra+red radiation anddetectors are capable to respond to either.

• *lame detectors are used near to uel handling pump/tool/e.uipment in the machinery spaces and in suchspaces as boiler rooms.

• 5eat detectors can use any o a number o principles ooperation, such as li/uid e$pansion, low meltingspot/post/point materials or bimetallic strips.

• he most usual detector nowdays operates on either a set

temperature fall/rise/rose or a rate o temperature rise beinge$ceeded.• hus an increase in temperature occuring /uickly could set

on/about/o1 the alarm beore the set temperature wasreached.



• *ig.:#.:. shows the e%ectropne!atic t-pe which gives thealarm when rising air pressure in a

sealed chamber de'ects adiaphragm to make electricalcontact this indicates a rapid rate o

temperature rise.



• Heat detectors are used in places suchas the galley and laundry where other typeso detectors would give o0 alse alarms.

• Associated with fre detectors is the

electric circuit to ring an a%ar $e%%. hisbell will usually sound in the machineryspace, i the fre occurs there, and also onthe bridge. Any fre discovered in its earlystages will re/uire the fnder to give thealarm or make the decision to deal with ithimsel i he can.

•



Supply the missing term

• 5eat ---------- are used in places such asthe galley and laundry where other types odetectors would give o0 ---------- alarms.

•

Associated with fre detectors is theelectric ---------- to ring an alarm bell. hisbell will usually ---------- in the machineryspace, i the fre occurs there, and also onthe bridge. Any fre discovered in its early

stages will re/uire the fnder to give the ---------- or make the decision to deal withit himsel i he can.



T-pe o" *re F!e%

<lass A (7eneralfre)

;ood,9aper,<lothsetc.,

<lass 4 (@il fre) *lammable li/uids –gasoline, oil, greaseetc.,

<lass < (Electricalfre)

Electrical cables andelectricalmotors,switchboardsetc.,

<lass > (<hemicalfre)

<hemicals – 6eactivechemicals and Activemetals

Fire is classifed depending on theuel that causes fre.



Fire A%ar Arran(eent

Smoke >etectors

Internationa% S#ore Co!p%in(

http://images.brighthub.com/C4/6/C46D6315E337C0544C0C506920D0F6C6A2207876_large.jpg

http://www.marinebuzz.com/marinebuzzuploads/FireFirePreventionFireDetectionFireFight_DABD/image_3.png



9art III.

Fire*(#tin( E3!ipent in S#ip4sEn(ine Roo



Fire*(#tin( E3!ipent inS#ip4s En(ine Roo

• Ships engine rooms are susceptible to fres ande$plosions, as well as the engines themselves. 5owever,there is *re*(#tin( e3!ipent in a shipCs engineroom to combat these haards, such as hand held *ree+tin(!is#ers and seawater #-drants5 #oses CO2 ormist in&ection being used in engine spaces

• Ship2s engine rooms are the usual sources o shipboardfres either rom a fre in the engine room, or an engineinternal fre or e$plosion causing a subse/uent fre. hemain porta$%e means o fre fghting e/uipment are thedi0erent types o hand held e$tinguishers. hese arelocated throughout the engine room at di0erent levels,along with #oses and #-drants supplied by theseawater pumps. *ires in the engine internal spaces canbe attacked and e$tinguished using inert (as such asCO26 "oa, or 'ater ist spra-s.



2nsert the missing !ords

• Ships engine rooms are ------------ to fres and e$plosions,as well as the engines themselves.

• 5owever, there is frefghting e/uipment in a ships engineroom to combat these haards, such as hand held fre

------------ and seawater ------------ hoses ------------ ormist in&ection being used in engine spaces

• Ship2s engine rooms are the usual ------------ o shipboardfres either rom a fre in the engine room, or an engineinternal fre or e$plosion causing a subse/uent fre.

• he main ------------ means o fre fghting e/uipment arethe di0erent types o hand held e$tinguishers.

• hese are located throughout the engine room at di0erent

levels, along with ------------ and hydrants supplied by theseawater pumps.

• *ires in the engine internal spaces can be attacked and ------------ using inert gas such as <@:, oam, or water ------------ sprays.

Coon Ca!ses o"




• he causes o engine room fres canusually be traced back to a %ac& o"aintenance or $ad

'atc#&eepin( practices. hey areusually caused by "!e% spi%%s,o)er#eatin( coponents or


Coon Ca!ses o"




• he causes o engine room fres canusually be traced back to a %ac& o"aintenance or $ad

'atc#&eepin( practices. hey areusually caused by "!e% spi%%s,o)er#eatin( coponents or


i% i%%



Oi% Spi%%s

• It is imperative to combat the risk o engine roomfres by aintainin( t#e "!e% and %!$e oi%s-stes, more so on diesel engine ships than steamturbines although I have had a ew hairy oil+fredboiler room moments where the donkey man has

used sawdust to mop up burner oil spills, instead osand rom the old red+painted sand bucket. heremust be constant )i(i%ance a(ainst %ea&in( oi% oany type, pipes and unions being especiallyvulnerable. Any leaking or damaged uel pipe shouldbe reported to the senior engineer immediately. here

is not much you can do about oil spraying onto a hote$haust, e$cept s#!t o7 t#e s!pp%- and *(#t t#e*re, however but engine room housekeeping isanother matter, this is something that we can allparticipate in.

Oi% S i%%



Oi% Spi%%s

• It is imperative to combat the risk o engine roomfres by maintaining the uel and lube oil systems,more so on diesel engine ships than steam turbinesalthough I have had a ew hairy oil+fred boiler roommoments where the donkey man has used sawdust

to mop up burner oil spills, instead o sand rom theold red+painted sand bucket. here must be constantvigilance against leaking oil o any type, pipes andunions being especially vulnerable. Any leaking ordamaged uel pipe should be reported to the seniorengineer immediately. here is not much you can do

about oil spraying onto a hot e$haust, e$cept shuto0 the supply and fght the fre, however but engineroom housekeeping is another matter, this issomething that we can all participate in.

E i



En(ine rooHo!se&eepin(

• he engine room should be kept cleanand tidy, ree rom in'ammable materialssuch as wooden crates, cardboard bo$es,

oily rags and paper. Any oil spills shouldbe cleaned up immediately and thesource investigated, repaired and logged.An engine room Do Smoking 9olicy

should be enorced, which should stoppeople stubbing out their cigarette endsin a sand bucket

E i



En(ine rooHo!se&eepin(

• he engine room should be kept cleanand tidy, ree rom in'ammable materialssuch as wooden crates, cardboard bo$es,

oily rags and paper. Any oil spills cleanedup immediately and the sourceinvestigated, repaired and logged. Anengine room Do Smoking 9olicy should be

enorced, which should stop peoplestubbing out their cigarette ends in asand bucket

E i t



E3!ipent

En(ine roo Sprin&%er

S-ste• he more modern type o 'ater no%es supply avery fne mist rather than a 'ow o water. hesesystems cover o di0erent areas o the engineroom, but not the switchboard or the electricalgenerating component o the power generators.

he sprin&%er s-ste can be operatedautomatically by sensors or manually by theengineer. his starts the 'ater $ooster p!pand opens up the compressed air supply which canbe rom dedicated #i(# press!re air $ott%es orthe en(ine airstart recei)ers.

• As we all know water is not normally used on oilfres but, because fne mist is in&ected into the areait not only starves the fre o o$ygen, but alsodissipates the smoke.

E i t



E3!ipent

En(ine roo Sprin&%er

S-ste• he more modern type o water noles supply avery fne mist, rather than a 'ow o water. hesesystems cover o di0erent areas o the engineroom, but not the switchboard or the electricalgenerating component o the power generators.

he sprinkler system can be operatedautomatically by sensors or manually by theengineer. his starts the water booster pump andopens up the compressed air supply which can berom dedicated high pressure air bottles or theengine air+start receivers.

• As we all know water is not normally used on oilfres but, because fne mist is in&ected into the areait not only starves the fre o o$ygen, but alsodissipates the smoke.

E i Fi



En(ine roo FireE+tin(!is#ers

• here are our main types o free$tinguishers all colored red nowadays, witha di0erent colored band around the top othe body, denoting the type o edi! it

contains. hey are operated by removing theprotecti)e pin, beore pulling the tri((er smartly.

• *ire e$tinguishers are usually stored in acontainer together as shown below in a

group o our one o each type. hecontainers are positioned at di0erent levelsin the engine room at high fre risk locations.

En(ine roo Fire



En(ine roo FireE+tin(!is#ers

• here are our main types o free$tinguishers all colored red nowadays, witha di0erent colored band around the top othe body, denoting the type o medium it

contains. hey are operated by removing theprotective pin, beore pulling the triggersmartly.

• *ire e$tinguishers are usually stored in acontainer together as shown below in a

group o our one o each type. hecontainers are positioned at di0erent levelsin the engine room at high fre risk locations.



Fire H-drants and Hoses

• hese are positioned throughout theengine room a fre a$e is sometimesalongside the fre hoses. he hydrant

valves should be opened hoses runout and discharged to the bilges atregular intervals to ensure operation.



Fire H-drants and Hoses

• hese are positioned throughout theengine room a fre a$e is sometimesalongside the fre hoses. he hydrant

valves should be opened hoses runout and discharged to the bilges atregular intervals to ensure operation.

A3!eo!s Fi% Forin(



A3!eo!s Fi% Forin(Foa

• Fnown as AFFF and (pronounced A triple *)was developed in the si$ties and is a greatinnovation to frefghting not only in shipCsengine rooms, but on oil and gas platormsworldwide. A*** is supplied in its owncontainers and added to an A*** stora(etan& and is operated by pressuried seawater. he seawater mixes with the specialist li/uidand e$its the ==8:G r!$$er #ose through a$rass no%e as a pressuried flm o thick,viscous oam. his is directed to the base othe fre, /uickly smothering the 'ames,dissipating the heat, smoke and umes.



• Fnown as A*** and (pronounced A triple *)was developed in the si$ties and is a greatinnovation to frefghting not only in shipsengine rooms, but on oil and gas platormsworldwide. A*** is supplied in its owncontainers and added to an A*** storage tankand is operated by pressuried seawater. heseawater mi$es with the specialist li/uid ande$its the ==8:G rubber hose through a brassnole as a pressuried flm o thick, viscousoam. his is directed to the base o the fre,/uickly smothering the 'ames, dissipating theheat, smoke and umes.



Pre)ention and Contro%

• he two main causes o engine room fres are scavenge fres andcrankcase e$plosions occurring on the main diesel engines. 4oth canbe detected and prevented i discovered early enough. he scavengefre is detected by high e$haust temperature, paint peeling o thescavenge door or the 1ate phoning down to inorm us o blacksmoke and sparks emitting rom the 'ue.

• he much more serious crankcase e$plosion is caused by a build up

o lube+oil mist inside the crankcase. his triggers the oil+mistdetector and the alarm will sound, giving the engineer enough timeto slow down the engine allowing it cool. In the event o ane$plosion, the e$plosion relie devices on the crankcase doors will lit. his device prevents in&ury rom a 'ying crankcase door the fnewire mesh in the relie valve taking the heat out o the 'ames,reducing the risk o fre. he e$plosion door re+closes immediately,

preventing any entry o resh o$ygen entering the crankcasepromoting urther e$plosion and fre.• 4oth the above haards have similar fre control methods in&ection

o <@: or water mist into the scavenge space and in&ection o <@:into the crankcase. he inspection doors must remain shut until therelevant components and spaces have cooled down.

http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/marine/articles/61200.aspx






Pre)ention and Contro%

• he two main causes o engine room fres are scavenge fres andcrankcase e$plosions occurring on the main diesel engines. 4oth canbe detected and prevented i discovered early enough. he scavengefre is detected by high e$haust temperature, paint peeling o thescavenge door or the 1ate phoning down to inorm us o blacksmoke and sparks emitting rom the 'ue.

• he much more serious crankcase e$plosion is caused by a build up

o lube+oil mist inside the crankcase. his triggers the oil+mistdetector and the alarm will sound, giving the engineer enough timeto slow down the engine allowing it cool. In the event o ane$plosion, the e$plosion relie devices on the crankcase doors will lit. his device prevents in&ury rom a 'ying crankcase door the fnewire mesh in the relie valve taking the heat out o the 'ames,reducing the risk o fre. he e$plosion door re+closes immediately,

preventing any entry o resh o$ygen entering the crankcasepromoting urther e$plosion and fre.• 4oth the above haards have similar fre control methods in&ection

o <@: or water mist into the scavenge space and in&ection o <@:into the crankcase. he inspection doors must remain shut until therelevant components and spaces have cooled down.

Fire*(#tin( Tea and







Fire*(#tin( Tea andE3!ipent

• Fire*(#tin( Tea and E3!ipent

• his is a dedicated team with a teamleader in charge, who attend regular

courses when on leave. he team isusually made up rom members o thecrew, engine room and deck oHcers.

hey practice fre drill, evacuation andrescue operations regularly on the deck,accommodation and engine room areas.

Fire*(#tin( Tea and



Fire*(#tin( Tea andE3!ipent

• Fire*(#tin( Tea and E3!ipent

• his is a dedicated team with a teamleader in charge, who attend regular

courses when on leave. he team isusually made up rom members o thecrew, engine room and deck oHcers.

hey practice fre drill, evacuation andrescue operations regularly on the deck,accommodation and engine room areas.



• Breat#in( Apparat!s Set• he 4A set consists o an o$ygen tank which

is strapped to the frefghters back, supplyinga ull ace mask with o$ygen.

• Persona% Protection• his consists o loose ftting fre retardant

clothes, fre retardant boots and a yellowfreman2s saety helmet team leader havinga red band around his helmet.

6ead more!http!88www.brighthub.com8engineering8marine8articles8==.asp$Ji$=bsA"oipt







• Breat#in( Apparat!s Set

• he 4A set consists o an o$ygen tank which isstrapped to the frefghters back, supplying a ullace mask with o$ygen.

• Persona% Protection• his consists o loose ftting fre retardant

clothes, fre retardant boots and a yellowfreman2s saety helmet team leader having a

red band around his helmet.



EKE6<ISES

Arrange in the table below the fre detection devicescurrently available on board ship indicating thebest use o each.

T8PES OF FIREDETECTOR

SPACES ON BOARD9HERE INSTA::ED



• 7ive a brie description o thevarious operating principles o heatdetectors.

• %abel *ig.:#.?. and describe theoperating principle o the type o

detector represented.

23 4 #ill in the blanks in the follo!ing



sentences in order to for 3'%+ 56%'6,S2T2,7 / (-3'%+() 6(%T2C)'

collocations4

<hoose among ! in8 of8 o18 out8 under8 !ith8 on =. ;hen ;orld ;ar II broke ----------- my grandather

was sailing on a merchant vessel.:. *looding in the engine room is being brought --------

control.?. ;ars have always resulted ----------- heavy casualties.". 5e doesnCt want to associate himsel ------------- what

has been said about the engine condition.L. I a fre should break out on a ship how best can it be

dealt -------------- M 4y making use --------------fre+fghting appliances.

. his chemical gives -------------- to$ic vapours.N. Au$iliary boilers may be operated --------- the main

engine e$haust gases.



FIRE FIGHTING ON BOARD SHIP

Part I;.

Fire contro%



Fire contro%

• wo basically di0erent types oe/uipment are available on board ship orthe control o fres. hese are smallportable e$tinguishers and large f$edinstallations.

• *ire buckets, or many years recogisede/uipment, have been replaced on all but

the smallest vessels with more e0ectiveportable e$tinguishers+ e$pelling water,oam, <#O:, 5alon and dry powder.



• 9ortable e$tinguishers are or smallfres which, by prompt on+the+spotaction, can be readily e$tinguished or

contained beore they escalate.5owever, altough they may be highlye0ective, their capacity is limited.



• he f$ed installation is used whenthe fre cannot be ought andrestrained by portable e/uipment or

there is perhaps a greater danger iad&acent areas were to be set on fre.A variety o di0erent f$ed fre

installation e$ist, some o which arespecially designed or certain typeso ship.



• A sea water supply system to fre hydrants isftted to every ship. Several pumps in theengine room will be arranged to supply thesystem. An emergency fre pump will also belocated remote rom the machinery space andwill be independent means o power. A systemo hydrant outlets, each with an isolating valve,is located around the ship and hoses with theappropriate snap+in connectors are strategicallylocated together with the noles. All the

working areas o the ship are thus converedand a constant supply o sea water can bebrought to bear at any point to fght a fre (see*ig.:#.L.).



• he automatic spray or sprinkler system provides ahigh level o saety or passenger and crew. Anetwork o sprinkler heads are situated throughoutthe accomodation areas and the machinery spacesand supplied with water under constant pressure.

he sprinkler head is closed by a /uartoid bulbwhich contains a li/uid that e$pands considerably onheating. ;hen the air temperature rises to apredetermined level, the li/uid e$pands, breaks thebulb and releases a diaphragm seal to allow water'ow. A de'ector plate on the sprinkler head causes

water to spray out over a larger area. (see *ig.:#..).• he advantage o this system is that only areas

o direct heat are wetted – more distant headsremain inactive.



Porta$%e Fire E+tin(!is#ers

fremain and hose reelsystem(manual actuation)



=. ;hat fre e$tinguishing appliances are available on board ship M:. Is a bucket an eHcient fre+fghting e/uipment M?. ;hat are the advantages and the limits o portable

e$tinguishers M". ;hat types o portable fre e$tinguishers do you know ML. ;hen are f$ed fre+fghting appliances brough to use M. Since water is available in unlimited /uantities around a ship,

what installation is there on board to use it as a free$tinguisher M

N. ;hat does a sea water supply system consist o MP. ;hat is a sprinkler MQ. >escribe the sprinkler head and how it is activated .=#.;here are sprinkler heads arranged M• ;hat is the advantage o the sprinkler system M•

I Sa- '#ic# o" t#e *ttin(s %isted



I. Sa- '#ic# o" t#e *ttin(s %istedat rando $e%o' "or<

• *ire pump• 5ead• 5ose• 4ulb• Dole• Emergency pump• 9ressurised tank• 5ydrant• >iaphragm seal•

@utlet• Isolating valve• >e'ector plate• Snap+in connector

t#e sprin&%ers-ste

t#e *re ain

224 'amine the boldface



!ords in the follo!ingsentences9

=.A saety device is ftted in case thesystem $rea&s do'n.

=a. A minor deect not corrected initiallywill result in serious breakdown.

:. *ires $rea& o!t when no one e$pects.:a. Maintenance burning and welding are

responsible or nearly 40 per cent o all freoutbreaks.

No!n = "ro p#rasa%



No!n = "ro p#rasa%)er$s

• In technical English nouns are oten ormedrom phrasal verbs by combining the verbwith the preposition or adverb particle.

• he &oining may occur in two ways!

=. by maintaining the order o the phrasal verb asin =a. A minor deect not corrected initially will result in

serious breakdown.

:. by inverting the order as in :a.Maintenance burning and welding are responsibleor nearly 40 per cent o all fre outbreaks.

Change the follo!ing phrasal verb



Change the follo!ing phrasal verbinto nouns9

• =. keep up ------------------------- • :. 'ash back ------------------------- • ?. 'ow over ------------------------- •

". let in ------------------------- • L. shut down ------------------------- • . put out ------------------------- • N. lay out ------------------------- • P. let out -------------------------

• Q. stand by ------------------------- • =#. ride over -------------------------



• *ind similarities and di0erences omeaning between the )er$s andno!ns listed in the previous e$ercise.

• Rse the newly+ormed nouns insentences o your own.

234 #ind in the tet !ords opposite ini t th f ll i



meaning to the follo!ing9

• =. similar ---------------------- • :. e$tinguish ---------------------- • ?. e$pensive ---------------------- • ". f$ed ---------------------- • L. escalate ----------------------

• . danger ---------------------- • N. near, close to ---------------------- • P. all ---------------------- • Q. dry ---------------------- • =#. orce into, admit ----------------------

FIRE FIGHTING ON BOARD SHIP



FIRE FIGHTING ON BOARD SHIPPart I;.

Gas6 Foa6

Dr- C#eica% E+tin(!is#in(S-ste



• 7as e$tinguishing systems haveproved to be most eHcient inenclosed spaces, such as machinery

rooms, electrical panels and cargoholds.

<@ h l



<@: and halon

• CO2 puts out fres by reducing theo$ygen content o the air. 5alon =?#=(41) and 5alon =:== (4<*) are high

speed suppression agents which,unlike other e$tinguishing agents,instead o cooling the fre or

displacing o$ygen interrupt thechemical chain reaction ocombustion.



• 4oth gasses are widely used inmachinery spaces with distributionnoles being placed throughout

protected areas. he e0ective use oeither gas, however, depends uponthe area being tottaly sealed o0. Any

draughts, open ventilators, etc.render gas ineHcient.



• Ha%on >?0> is ar saer or personellaboard. <oncentrations needed toe$tinguish 'ames on most surace

burning materials are only L+N per centby volume, so e$posure or up to L minwill cause no harmul side e0ects. Itdischarges, and thus e$tinguishes the fre

aster, weights about L per cent lessthan <@:, uses much less space and costs

less, both initially and in maintenance.



• Fi+ed "oa e+tin(!is#in(s-stes are used to smoother'ammable li/uid fres. he oam,

working on the principle o e$cludingair rom any burning surace, mustbe made to 'ow gently across

burning li/uid pools.

>ry chemical e$tinguishing



>ry chemical e$tinguishingsystems

• >ry chemical e$tinguishing systems aredesigned to combat <lass 4 ('ammableli/uids and gases) and <lass < (electrical)fres. In marine application, portable,wheeled and f$ed dry chemical systemsare ound on loading docks, tanker decks,cargo holds, machinery spaces in actany area where uels, 'ammable vapours

or electrical e/uipment are present andwhere fre will spread especially ast.

l i d t ti d i



e$plosion detection devices

• @il tankers, carrying various 'ammablecargoes, e$perience a real danger oe$plosion when vapours remain in emptiedtanks. hereore, an essential part o their

fre protection system are e$plosiondetection devices. As well as these, mostoiltankers install inert gas generators whichmay continuously produce an e$haust gascontaining nitrogen and carbon dio$ide or

fre e$tinguishing. he inert gas is used toblanket the oil cargo during dischargingoperations. Empty tanks are also flled withgas which is blown out when oil is loaded.

Engine room fre fghting



Engine room fre fghtinge/uipment

• he engine room o a typical bulk oilcarrier is recommended to install!=. thermal and combustion detectors

:. a fre hydrant pump with hydrant points?. hose and ad&ustable spray noles

". oam

L. drypowder and <@: portable

e$tinguishers and. a f$ed system o either oam, low or high

pressure <@: , or 5alon =?#=.



=. ;hich gases are used to contain fre in the engine room M:. ;hat special fre e$tinguishing properties have 5alon =?#=

and =:== i compared to other agents M?. ;hy is 5alon =?#= the saest fre e$tinguishing agent M". ;here are dry chemical systems installed to prevent and

e$tinguish fre ML. ;hat is inert gas M. ;here does inert gas fnd its best application MN. ;hat advantage has the inert gas+production unit with respect

to bottle storage systems containing <@:, oam or drychemicals M

P. ;hat does the fre prevention and protection e/uipment in anoil carrier consist o M

Q.•

echnical 8 1arine Engineering



8 g gEnglish

In technical English single verbs od :atin ori(inare oten preerred to phrasal verbs becauseo their semplicity and accuracy (phrasal verbsare mostly used in everyday language).

a.*ilters are ftted in the lubricating and uel oilsystems to remove grit and oreign matter.(reo)e instead o (et rid o" )

b. In water+tube boilers a body o cool water

descends to the lower drums, while hot watercontaining bubbles o steam ascends to theupper. (descend and ascend preerred to (odo'n and o)e !p'ards)

6eplace the phrasal verbs in the sentences withsuitable single verbs o %atin origin choosing rom



g g gthe ollowing! emit8 eceed8 epel8 etinguish8

discover8 ignite8 interrupt8 render8 treat 4

=. A fre, i ound out in its early stages, can be brought undercontrol with a minimum o damage.

:. *lames give o0 ultra+violet and inra+red radiation and detectorsare capable to respond to either.

?. ;hen the air temperature goes beyond a permitted level, thedetector will be operated.

". Each fre must be dealt with according to its own peculiaritieswith the aim to restrict the fre to the compartment in which itoriginated.

L. In diesel engines hot air sets the uel on fre the air being urtherheated by the combustion.

. <arbon dio$ide puts out fres by reducing the o$ygen content oair.

N. ;hile travelling upwards the piston drives out the waste gasesthrough the e$haust valves.P. 5alon breaks in upon the chemical chain reaction o combustion.Q. Any draughts, open ventilators, doors, portholes, etc. will cause

the gas to be ineHcient.



Complete the table indicating the burning materials "column22$8 the category of re

"column 222$ and the main properties8 advantages and

side e1ects "column 23$ of the etinguishing agents listedin column 24

I

EXTINGUIS

.

AGENTS

I

EXTINGUIS.

AGENTS

III

CLAS

S

OF

FIRE

III

CLASS

OF

FIRE

III

CLASS

OF

FIRE

H2O H

2O

A

B

A

B

A

B

CO2

CO2

HALON1301

HALON1301

FOAM FOAM

DRY

CHEMI

CALS

DRY

CHEMICALS

INERT

GAS

INERT

GAS

<oncession <lauses



<oncession <lauses

• (ltough portable etinguishers may be highlye1ective8 their capacity is limited

• 2n spite of their e:ciency8 the capacity of portable etinguishers is limited4

A:THO@GH6 THO@GH6 INSPITE OF

• Whichever type of detection device is chosen8 it!ill activate an alarm or automatic

etinguishing system4 "+e obira na vrstuure;a0a a otkrivan0e po<ara = $• Whatever the cost damaged units must be

replaced soon4 "+e obira na ci0enu =$

6ut in spite of8 altough8 even though orhi h h t i th bl k



!hichever8 !hatever in the blanks asappropriate9

=. ;hen the pressure is released, the pumping ceases -------------------- the plunger continues to move upwards.

:. Engine preormance was still unsatisactory ------------------the careul overhauling o machinery and e/uipment.

?. ------------------- the provision o settling tank, the highspecifc gravity o heavy uels usually demands purifcation.

". ------------------- smoking leads to countless fres, it is notthe main cause o fre on tankers.L. ------------------- the act that a rapid alarm was given, the

fre was not e$tinguished. ------------------- the fre was spreading very ast, the crew

managed to restrain it /uickly.

N. ------------------- the possible damage may occur by theuse o this agent, you must act immediately.P. ------------------- its low resistance to fre, wood is still much

used in shipbuilding.

THE @NP:@GGED HO:E



THE @NP:@GGED HO:E

Care%essness in t#e En(ine Roo co!%d $e "ata% A fshing vessel sailed rom Aberdeen one morning en route or the fshing grounds. Dormalroutine was maintained until the early evening, when the engine suddenly stopped and theSkipper was alerted to smoke pouring out o the Engine 6oom.Attempts to enter the space were rustrated at frst by the dense smoke. Eventually theSecond Engineer, wearing breathing apparatus , managed to get below. 5e ound the <hieEngineer (who had been on watch but was missing when the fre was noticed) in the ore parto the engineroom. 5is clothing, hair and the upper part o his body were on fre, but theSecond Engineer managed to drag him out o the space. he crew then beat out the 'amesand gave frst aid to the badly burned man. he Skipper had meanwhile managed to

e$tinguish the fre.9ower was eventually restored and the vessel was able to return to port, where the <hieEngineer was /uickly transerred to the intensive+care unit o the local hospital.Subse/uent investigation revealed that it was normal practice to pump up the main enginedaily service tank each watch until it over'owed thorough a sight glass back to the bunkertank. @n this occasion a ?.L inch 4S9 sounding8inspection plug had been removed rom thetop o the tank and not replaced. he result was that when the service tank was ull, the oil'owed out o the hole in the top and down the sides into the saveall, instead o dowa theover'ow pipe.

;hat happened ne$t is only too predictable! the over'ow rom the saveall onto the mainengine e$haust maniold, the inevitable fre, and the <hie Engineer badly burned in hise0orts to control it.

Fires in t#e En(ine Roo are coon6 and 'i%% contin!e to $e so !nti% En(ineRoo personne% pa- (reater attention $ot# to t#e e3!ipent and to t#e 'or&in(en)ironent. T#is is especia%%- iportant a"ter an o)er#a!% or period in port.

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*ire 5ydrants – three



ycomponents

fire fighting on board ship, safety course

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