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R

Air & Sound Control

Specified by ManyEqualed by None

3900 Dr. Greaves Rd., Kansas City, MO 64030 (816) 761-7476 Fax (816) 765-8955 Email: [email protected]

www.ruskin.com

Fire & Smoke


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Report No. 801 August 2001 By Richard Cravy

The testing and maintenance of fire dampers

is not a new idea. However, more and more

Auth orities Having J ur isdiction (AHJ s) an d

building owners a re requ iring fire damper s be

acceptance tested and maintained on a regu-

lar basis. The reason for th is requirement is a

grea ter awareness of the l i fe and proper ty

protection capa bilities of fire da mper s.

AHJs ar e requiring accepta nce tests t o deter-

mine if the dam per will function wh en n eeded

in order to restrict the spread of fire. Accep-

tance testing normally involves removing or

m e l t i n g t h e f u s i b l e l in k a n d l e t t i n g t h e

damper close. Once the damper has proven to

c l ose , i t i s r eopened and t he fus i b l e l i nk

r e p l a c e d . A c c e p t a n c e t e s t i n g s o m e t i m e s

involves jus t a few sample dampers andsometimes involves all the dampers installed

in a building, depending on the AHJ. NFPA

recommends test ing al l the dampers, under

normal operating conditions, prior to the occu-

pa ncy of a building.

Acceptance testing and maintenance presents

a coup le of problems.

1. Most fire dampers a re installed in ar eas of

the building that are not easily accessible.

Fire dampers are installed in penetrations

of fire rated walls and floors as required by

the building code an d access to the da mper

i tself is normally through an incorrect ly

sized a ccess door.

2. Fire dam pers can be extremely difficult to

test a nd r e-set due t o th eir design (all ma n-

ufactur ers ut ilize the sa me basic cur ta in

type design). There are two main types of

fi re dampers : dynam ic fi re dam pers a nd

static fire dampers. Dynamic fire dampers

have been UL tested and proven to close

against system air pressure and velocity.

Static fire dampers, on the other hand, are

UL tested but ha ve not been proven t o close

against system air pressure and velocity.

T h e m a i n d i ffe r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e t w o

designs is dyna mic dampers (in m ost cases)

ut i l ize springs to pul l the curtain closed

against the air pressure and velocity while

static dampers rely solely upon gravity to

pu l l t he cu r t a i n c l osed ( s t a t i c damper s

designed for floor installation utilize clo-sure springs) . The spring shape and size

determine the a i r pressure and ve loc i ty

aga i ns t w h i ch t he dynam i c fi r e damper

closes.

Dynamic f i re dampers a re becoming more

popular wi th des igners because they have

TOPIC: Testing and Maintenance of Fire Dampers

ERTMFD-801 Ruskin 2001

ENGINEERING REPORT

Typical Dynamic Fire Damper

Typical Static Fire Damper


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been proven to work and they are required by

t he bu i l d i ng code i f t he H V A C sys t em i s

designed to operat e with fans on du ring a fire.

Limi ted access and c losure spr ings do not

make dynamic fire dampers testing and main-

tenance friendly. However, they are life and

property friendly because they will close, if

properly applied an d insta lled.

A solution to th e acceptan ce test ing problem

is to know the test ing requirements before

hand. Coordina te wi th the AHJ and de ter -

mine what he/she will accept. Since dynamic

dam pers a re pr oven t o close, the solution m ay

be a s imple instal lat ion inspect ion to make

sure the dampers are installed properly with

no obstru ctions.

A solution to the ma intena nce problem is not

so s imple . Maintenan ce happens a t l eas t a

yea r an d some t i mes even l onge r a ft e r t he

dampers are accepted and the building occu-

pied. Access to the damper remains a prob-

l em; how eve r t he use o f a mot o r i zed f i r e

dam per could solve tha t . A motor ized f i re

dam per can be operated from a r emote, easily

accessible, location and can be equipped with

position indication for operation verification.A motorized f i re damper costs more than a

s t a n d a r d d y n a m i c fi r e d a m p e r , b u t m a n y

building owners may decide to use them any-

way because they contribute to maintenance

and insurance savings.

The best solution to both problems is the use

of multi-blade dynamic fire dampers. Multi-

blade fire dampers are easy to both test and

re-set because the blades can be operated and

held open via a hand quad or a pair of pliers

while th e fusible link is repla ced.

Summary

Test ing and maintenance of f i re dampers ,

e s p e c ia l l y d y n a m i c fi r e d a m p e r s , ca n b e

extremely difficult. There are, however, other

types of dynam ic fire damper s th at m ake t est-

ing and maintenance easier. The cost of these

other dampers is typically greater th an stan-

dar d dynam ic fire damper s but sa vings can be

realized in other areas like maint enan ce an d

insurance . Before des igning around s tan-

da rd cu r t a i n t ype dynami c fi r e damper s ,

check with the AHJ and owner to determine

t h e a cce p t a n c e t e s t i n g a n d m a i n t e n a n ce

requirements.

3900 Dr. Greaves Rd.Kansas City, MO 64030(816) 761-7476FAX (816) 765-8955

www.ruskin.com

Typical Multi-blade Dynamic Fire Damper


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The Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.(UL) classified label on a fire, smokeor combination fire/smoke dampermeans UL has tested representativesamples of that damper and deter-mined they meet the requirements ofUL Standards for Safety 555 for firedampers, 555S for smoke dampers orboth of these standards for combina-tion fire/smoke dampers. The labelalso means that these dampers areperiodically inspected by UL at theplace of manufacture to ensure theyare built to UL procedures and con-tinue to meet UL requirements. Thisis an ongoing follow-up service thatdistinguishes UL from most othertesting organizations.

The UL classified mark is also found

on the installation instructions forfire, smoke and combinationfire/smoke dampers, meaning theyhave been reviewed and approved byUL.

There are three UL classificationmarks currently being used in asso-ciation with fire, smoke and combi-nation fire/smoke dampers in North

America today.

The UL Classifiedmark is the mark for theUnited States only. Itindicates that UL hastested and evaluated

dampers with respect to the require-ments of the USA currently thesixth edition of UL Standard 555and the fourth edition of UL Stan-dard 555S.

The C-UL Classifiedmark is the mark usedon dampers intendedfor the Canadian mar-ket only. It indicates

that UL has evaluated representa-tive samples with respect to Cana-dian safety standards. Canada hasnot yet adopted requirements for

dampers to meet the most currentversions of UL Standards 555 and555S. Dampers with the C-UL Clas-sified mark have not been tested tothe more stringent USA standardsand should not be used in the USA.The 2003 International BuildingCode (IBC) recognizes only the cur-rent UL Standards 555 and 555S.Consequently, any fire, smoke orcombination fire/smoke damperinstalled in a building constructed toIBC requirements and marked witha C-UL Classified label would be inviolation of the building code.

The C-UL-US Clas-sified mark, intro-duced in 1998, is themost flexible markthat can be applied

to your fire/life safety dampers. ThisUL label indicates that the dampers

are certified and approved to meetthe requirements of both Canadaand the USA. Be sure to look for theC-UL-US Classified mark on all ofyour fire, smoke and combinationfire/smoke dampers for assurancethat these dampers not only meetcode requirements but can also beinstalled anywhere in North Amer-ica.

Report No. 705 By Richard CravyJULY 2005

ENGINEERING REPORT

TOPIC: UL Classification Labels and Their Meaning

ER-UL Label-705 Ruskin 2005


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FIRE & SMOKEDAMPERS

Selection and Application Manual

R

Specified by Many Equaled by None


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Introduction

Ruskin believes it is important to understand the needs of the

customer and to provide them with answers to their fire,

smoke and combination fire/smoke damper questions. The

purpose of this publication is to answer those questions. The

information provided herein serves as a guide to understanding

the application of fire, smoke and combination fire/smoke

dampers. This manual includes general information but also

important points to consider when designing an installation

or writing a specification.

Table of Contents

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Underwriters LaboratoriesStandard 555 and 555S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Codes and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Damper Application Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Fire/Smoke Damper Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Actuator Selection and Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Sleeve Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Fire/Smoke Damper Options and Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Damper Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Installation Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12


9/30

Definitions

Actuator An electric or pneumatic device which drives the damper open or closed. It is often referred to asa damper operator or damper motor and is integral to the proper operation of the damper. Actuators used with

fire/smoke dampers are spring return type which spring return to their normal position when power is removed.

Blade Axle A shaft that supports the blade and extends through the frame.

Blade Edge Seal A strip of material applied to the edge of the blade to minimize air leakage between blades.Blade edge seals are typically made of flexible silicone.

Blade Stop A metal strip attached to the top and bottom parts of the frame that provides a surface for the bladesto stop against in the closed position. They also minimize air leakage at the top and bottom of the frame.

Ceiling Damper A device used to protect HVAC openings in fire rated horizontal ceiling assemblies. A ceilingdamper closes automatically to restrict the passage of flame and heat.

Combination Fire/Smoke Damper A device that functions as both a fire damper and a smoke damper.

Corridor Damper A fire/smoke damper intended for use where air ducts penetrate or terminate at horizontalopenings in the ceilings of interior (tunnel) corridors.

Drive Blade The blade which is connected to the jackshaft and is the source of actuation for the other blades.Actuation force is transmitted through the jackshaft to the drive blade and through the linkage to the other blades.

Electric Fuse Link (EFL) An electric, resettable, quick release device which allows the damper to close upon a risein temperature. The EFL replaces old fashioned fusible rods and is used in conjunction with an electric actuator.

EP (Electro-pneumatic) Switch A device which allows electricity to control a pneumatic actuator. EPs are requiredwhen utilizing pneumatic actuators with TS150s or ELFs.

Fire Damper A device used to restrict the passage of flame through the ductwork of an air system. A fire damperis installed in a fire rated wall or floor and closes automatically to maintain the integrity of that partition.

Jackshaft A 12" solid steel rod or 1" hollow steel tube used to connect the actuator to the drive blade on fire/smoke

dampers. A jackshaft is also used to connect multiple section dampers together so they work as a single unit.

Jamb Seal A strip of material applied to the gap between the damper frame and the end of the blade whichminimizes air leakage through that area. Jamb seals are normally compressible stainless steel.

Linkage Steel bars or rods and axles used to interconnect all the blades of a damper. The linkage is eitherconcealed within the damper frame or exposed to the airstream.

Mullion A device used to subdivide openings in fire walls when the opening is larger than the maximum sizeof the damper. Mullions are application specific and can only be used as approved.

Pneumatic Fuse Link (PFL) A pneumatic, quick release device which allows the damper to close upon a rise intemperature. The PFL is used in conjunction with a pneumatic actuator.

Position Indication Switch A device that provides the ability to check the damper blade position from a remotelocation.

Sleeve A steel box, open on both ends, which encloses a fire damper. Fire and fire/smoke dampers require sleevesin order to be installed properly.

Smoke Damper A device used:

1. to restrict the spread of smoke in HVAC systems which shut down in the event of a fire or

2. to control the movement of smoke in a building when the HVAC system is operational in engineered smokecontrol systems.

Transition A round or oval duct connection which allows a rectangular damper to fasten to a round or oval duct.

1


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Underwriters Laboratories Standard 555 and 555S

Underwriters Laboratory Inc. (UL) is an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organizationthat tests thousands of types of products, materials, constructions and systems in effort to reduceinjury, loss of life and property damage. UL listed products have demonstrated the ability to meetthe stringent requirements of test standards which ensure performance and reliability.

UL555 FIRE DAMPER TESTThe UL555 Fire Damper test standard originated in 1966 to ensure fire dampers would function in fireconditions. The original standard has been revised several times to address new discoveries in fire protectionand developing technology since 1966. The latest edition requires each fire rated damper to pass thefollowing tests:

Fire Endurance/Hose Stream TestThe damper is exposed to a prescribed and regulated fire for either 112 or 3 hours to determine the hourly

classification of the damper assembly. Immediately after the fire exposure, the damper is hosed down with

a heavy stream of water. This provides an extreme shock to the damper ensuring it will withstand the severity

of all fire conditions.

Operational Reliability Test

Requires the damper to be cycled open and closed 250 times for dampers without actuators and 20,000 timesfor dampers with actuators. The damper is fouled with salt and dust prior to the test to simulate the most severe

fire conditions.

Dynamic Closure TestThe damper is subjected to heated air flows and pressures and must demonstrate the ability to close against a

minimum velocity of 2400 fpm and 4.5 in. w.g. pressure. Successful closure results in a rating of 2,000 fpm and

4 in. w.g. pressure. Higher airflow ratings of 3,000 fpm (tested to 3,400 fpm) and 4,000 fpm (tested to 4,400

fpm) are available. Higher pressure ratings of 6 in. w.g. (tested to 6.5 in. w.g.) and 8 in. w.g. (tested to 8.5 in. w.g.)

are also available.

UL555S LEAKAGE RATED TESTINGIn September 1983, UL issued UL555S, the test Standard for Smoke Dampers. Realizations that smoke causesmore fatalities than fires led to its development. The latest edition requires each smoke rated damper to passthe following tests:

Cycling TestLike a fire damper, the smoke damper is fouled with salt and dust. The damper/actuator assembly is then

cycled (20,000 times for two-position operation and 100,000 times for modulating operation) to ensure

satisfactory operation.

Temperature Degradation TestThe damper/actuator assembly is exposed to elevated temperatures for 30 minutes and then immediately

cycled three times.

Operation TestThe damper/actuator assembly is exposed to heated (250F or 350F) airflow (minimum 2,400 fpm and 4.5 in. w.g.

pressure) for 15 minutes. After 15 minutes, the damper is closed and reopened. The damper is allowed to cool

and the open/close procedure is repeated three times at ambient temperature. The heat is re-introduced and one

additional cycle is conducted at the heated airflow. Successful operation at the minimum airflow results in a rating

of 2,000 fpm and 4 in. w.g. pressure. Higher ratings are available (refer to UL555 Dynamic Closure Test for details).

Leakage TestThe leakage test is a continuation of the operation test and is conducted on the following representative sizes:

minimum width by maximum height maximum width by minimum height maximum width by maximum height

Leakage tests are conducted at a minimum of 4" w.g. pressure differential and measured in cfm per squarefoot of damper area. Based on the test results, a smoke damper receives a leakage rating from Class 1

(lowest leakage) to Class 3 (highest leakage). 2


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CODES AND STANDARDS

A code is a set of requirements written with the intent of becoming law. A code becomes law when it is adopted bya governing body or authority having jurisdiction. A standard, on the other hand, is not written with the intentof becoming law, even though it may be adopted as law or become part of a code. A standard is written to define alevel of performance and may include different tests which must be passed in order to comply with the standard.

There are 5 main model building codes in the United States. They are:

The Uniform Building Code, published by the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO)

The National Building Code, published by the Building Officials and Code Administrators International(BOCA)

The Standard Building Code, published by the Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc.(SBCCI)

NFPA 5000 published by the National Fire Protection Association

The International Building Code, published by the International Code Conference (ICC)

The International Code Conference is an organization formed by the uniting of ICBO, BOCA and SBCCI. Thepurpose for their unification is the development, publication and adoption of a single model building code, the

International Building Code. The International Building Code is quickly replacing the other building codes(except NFPA 5000) so there will shortly be only two major model building codes, the International BuildingCode and NFPA 5000. The following map indicates the approximate jurisdiction for the model codes.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATIONThe NFPA is a non profit organization which promotes fire safety. The NFPA publishes numerous codes andstandards developed through research. The codes and standards they publish provide a basis for model buildingcode requirements and sometimes actually become a part of the codes.

3

UBC

UNIFORM

BUILDING CODE

NATIONAL

BUILDING CODE

STANDARD

BUILDING CODEINTERN

ATION

ALBUILDING

CODE

&NFPA

5000


12/30

DAMPER APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

FIRE DAMPER APPLICATIONSCompartmentation is an integral component of building design andconstruction. Compartments are formed by subdividing each floorwith numerous fire restrictive partitions and/or walls. In the event

of a fire, these fire boundaries will restrict the spread of flame andheat. Containing the fire to the compartment of origin minimizes lifeand property loss and helps firefighters extinguish the blaze.

A common way for fire to spread from one compartment to another isthrough the HVAC ductwork; therefore fire dampers are installed in theplane of the fire wall to protect these openings. Upon detection of heat,the fusible link (available in 165oF, 212oF and 285oF) melts closing thefire damper blades and blocking the flame from penetrating the partition into the adjoining compartment.

There are two significant considerations when applying a fire damper:

1. Hourly Fire Resistance RatingThe hourly rating comes from the UL555 Fire Endurance Test and indicates how long a damper will block

a fire. There are two typical ratings for fire dampers in the United States, 11

2 and 3 hours. Any fire restrictivepartition with less than a 3 hour rating requires a 1 12 hour rated fire damper. Any fire restrictive partition with

a 3 hour or more rating requires a 3 hour rated fire damper. These requirements are based on recommendations

made by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).

2. Airflow Closure RatingCurtain type fire dampers are rated for either static or

dynamic HVAC systems. Static fire dampers have not

been tested for closure under airflow and therefore can

only be applied in HVAC systems that are designed to

shut down in the event of a fire. Dynamic fire dampers

have been tested for closure under airflow and carry

both an airflow velocity (fpm) and pressure differential

rating. A dynamic fire damper should be selected based

on the conditions it will operate in after installation.

Multiple blade fire dampers are also rated for either

static or dynamic HVAC systems. Multiple blade

dynamic fire dampers are more user friendly than

curtain type dynamic fire dampers and can, currently,

be manufactured in larger sizes. The only disadvantage

to using multiple blade dynamic fire dampers is the

blades are in the air stream and the affect they have

on performance must be considered.

4

Fire rated partitions contain fire damageto the compartment of fire origin.

Curtain TypeFire Damper

Multiple BladeFire Damper

NFPA90A (Chapter 3-4.1 & 3-4.2)

Fire dampers used for the protection of openings in walls, partitions, or floors with fire resistanceratings of less than 3 hours shall have a 1 12 hour fire protection rating in accordance with UL555,Standard for Safety Fire Dampers.

Fire Dampers used for the protection of openings in walls, partitions, or floors having a fire resistancerating of 3 hours or more shall have a 3 hour fire protection rating in accordance with UL555,

Standard for Safety Fire Dampers.


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SMOKE DAMPER APPLICATIONSSmoke dampers have two general applications:

1. Part of a Passive Smoke Control System where

they simply close upon detection of smoke

preventing the circulation of air and smoke

through a duct or a ventilation opening.

2. Part of an Engineered Smoke Control System

designed to control smoke migration using walls

and floors as barriers and fans to create pressure

differences. Pressurizing the areas surrounding the

fire prevents the spread of smoke into other areas.

Smoke dampers are motorized with either an electricor pneumatic actuator. They are controlled by a smokeor heat detector signal, fire alarm or some otherbuilding control system.

Smoke dampers are qualified under UL Standard555S Leakage Rated Dampers for Use in Smoke Control

Systems and are always supplied with the appropriate factorymounted actuator and UL label. It is important to determine whichsmoke damper is required based on the following criteria:

Leakage RatingClass 1 (lowest leakage), 2 or 3 (highest leakage).

Elevated temperature250F, 350F

Velocity and PressureUL555S requires all smoke dampers to be rated for operation with an approved

actuator at a minimum airflow velocity of 2000 fpm when open and against a

minimum pressure of 4 inches of w.g. during closure. Smoke dampers should bespecified based on the conditions they will be exposed to in their application.

COMBINATION FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER APPLICATIONSA combination fire/smoke damper functions as both a firedamper and a smoke damper in a single unit. HVAC systemdesigners often combine smoke barriers and fire ratedpartitions requiring both a fire damper and a smoke damperto be installed in the same location. In this situation, acombination fire/smoke damper is recommended. This typeof damper must meet the requirements of both UL Standard555 as a fire damper and 555S as a smoke damper.

Open dampercontinuous

air flow

Closed damperno air flow

Airreturn

Airsupply

High pressure

H

L

L

H

H

Low pressure

Smoke Damper

Engineered Smoke Control System Smoke is containedto the fire zone by higher pressures in adjacent zones.

Ruskin over-center mechanism.

5

IMPORTANT NOTE

Some combination fire/smoke dampers (single section sizes) use

fusible links and springs which melt and cause the damper to close

instantaneously. Ruskin utilizes quick acting electric and pneumatic fuse

links and an over-center mechanism (on all sizes) which allows the

damper to close and lock in a controlled manner via the actuator spring.

This prevents costly duct disruption that can be caused by the damper

closing instantaneously.


14/30

FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER SELECTION

The process of selecting a smoke or combination fire/smoke damper typically involves five basic considerations:

1. Fire Resistance Rating 112 or 3 hours based on code requirements and building design.

2. Leakage Rating Classes 1, 2, or 3.

3. Elevated Temperature Rating 250F or 350F

4. Operational Ratings 2,000 fpm, 3,000 fpm or 4,000 fpm and 4 in. w.g., 6 in. w.g. or 8 in. w.g.

5. Blade Design Airfoil or triple v-groove style.

FIRE RESISTANCE RATINGMost fire/smoke damper installations will be within the plane of the fire rated wall, partition or floor it isprotecting. Typically these dividers will have less than a 3 hour rating allowing a fire/smoke damper witha UL 112 hour Fire Damper label to be applied. If the wall or floor has a rating of 3 hours or more, a ULlisted 3 hour Fire Damper is required for sufficient protection. If the barrier does not have a fire resistancerating then a fire damper is not necessary and a smoke damper may be applied.

LEAKAGE RATINGUL Standard 555S identifies four leakage classes as follows:

Maximum Leakage in CFM/Sq. Ft.

Leakage Class @1" w.g. @4" w.g. @8" w.g.

Class 1 4 8 11

Class 2 10 20 28

Class 3 40 80 112

ELEVATED TEMPERATURE RATINGUL also classifies combination fire/smoke dampers by the maximum temperature they can withstand and

still operate in their intended manner. The Temperature Degradation Test requires the damper and its installedactuator to be exposed to an elevated temperature for 30 minutes and immediately cycled for operationalacceptance. Temperature ratings are 250F and 350F.

OPERATIONAL RATINGBoth UL Standard 555 and 555S require that a fire/smoke damper and its installed actuator be rated for mini-mum airflow velocity of 2000 fpm through the open damper and minimum pressure of 4 inches of w.g. acrossthe closed damper. The actuator is rated for the largest size damper it will actuate and must operate the damperopen and closed against the rated velocities and pressures.

BLADE DESIGNThere are, essentially, two types of blades:triple vee-groove and airfoil. Triple vee-grooveblades are used in HVAC systems with velocitiesup to 2,000 fpm. Airfoil blades are used inHVAC systems with velocities greater than2,000 fpm. Airfoil blade design advantagesinclude lower resistance to airflow, lowerpressure drop and less turbulence.

6

Triple V Blade

Airfoil Blade

HVAC system designers are advised toselect the lowest leakage class damper,however there are some smoke controlapplications when a higher leakageclass damper is acceptable.


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ACTUATOR SELECTION AND MOUNTING

Selecting the appropriate actuator to drive a smoke or fire/smoke damper open and closed is an important part ofthe damper selection process. Qualifications of the damper under UL Standards 555 and 555S require testing boththe damper and its installed actuator. This limits the approved actuators that can be used on smoke and fire/smokedampers. Actuators must be furnished by the damper manufacturer and

installed at the damper factory.

ACTUATOR TYPE SELECTIONActuators may be electric or pneumatic based on the control system thatwill operate the dampers and any other appropriate factor. Pneumaticactuators generally have a lower cost than electric, however they require25 to 30 psi control air to each actuator location. Electric actuators areavailable in 24VAC, 120VAC and 230VAC at 60Hz or 50Hz. Actuatorsfor modulating control are also available.

ACTUATOR MODEL SELECTIONEach specific actuator model has a series of maximum damper size ratings depending on the damper model,

airflow velocity through the open damper, and the maximum pressure differentials that will build up across theclosed damper. Typically actuators for damper applications are selected based on the number of square feet ofdamper they will be controlling.

ACTUATOR MOUNTING OPTIONSActuators are commonly mounted external to the damper (out of the air stream) however internally mounted(in the air stream) actuators are sometimes acceptable, particularly on large multiple section dampers. Externalmounting is recommended because the actuator is more accessible making it easier to test and maintain.

Internal MountingActuators can be internally mounted to accommodate installations where space constraints

prevent the use of the more desirable external installation. Internally mounted actuators

are more difficult to test and maintain, reduce the free area in the damper creating a higher

pressure drop and may be exposed to temperatures exceeding the elevated temperature rating

in the event of a fire.

External on a SleeveAll combination fire/smoke dampers require a sleeve for proper installation. Typically the

manufacturer supplies the damper complete with a sleeve with the actuator mounted on the outside

of the sleeve.

External on a SideplateSmoke dampers do not require a sleeve for proper installation.

If a sleeve is not desired, the actuator can still be mounted

externally on a sideplate. For installation, a slot the width of the

sideplate is cut into the duct and the sideplate then fills that opening.

7

IMPORTANT NOTEActuators utilized on fire/smoke dampers

may be required to hold the damper open

for prolonged periods of time. UL does not

test for prolonged periods of holding,

therefore it is important to choose a

damper which utilizes an actuator rated

for holding periods of at least 6 months

and 1 year if possible.


16/30

SLEEVE THICKNESSSleeve gauge or thickness is determined by the size of the damper and the gauge of the duct to whichit will be connected. The bigger the damper the lower gauge, or thicker, the sleeve is required to be.The sleeve thickness must also be equal to or thicker than the duct connected to it.

DUCT-TO-SLEEVE CONNECTIONSUL allows two different types of duct-to-sleeve connections: Breakaway and rigid. UL defines a rigidconnection as any connection that has not been tested and qualified as a breakaway connection.

There are several qualified breakaway connections as defined in UL Standard 555. Damper manufacturersare required to list all breakaway connections.

MINIMUM SLEEVE THICKNESS FOR FIRE DAMPERS

Type of Duct to SleeveConnection Duct Duct Dimension Sleeve Gauge

Rigid Round 24" maximum diameter

Rectangular 36" maximum width or 16 (.060")

24" maximum height

Rigid Round over 24" diameter

Rectangular over 36" width or 14 (.075")

over 24" heightBreakaway Round or 12" wide and under 26 (.018")

Rectangular 13" 30" wide 24 (.024")

31" 54" wide 22 (.030")

55" 84" wide 20 (.036")

85" wide and over 18 (.048")

8

SLEEVE REQUIREMENTS

UL requires all combination fire/smoke dampers be mounted in a steel sleeve of the appropriate gage and lengthprior to installation. The damper/sleeve assembly is then installed in the fire wall or floor opening with retainingangles attached to the sleeve. The damper assembly then becomes part of the wall/floor and the duct is connectedto the end of the damper sleeve.

WALL THICKNESS MINIMUM SLEEVE LENGTH REQUIRED

4" to 6" 17" to 20"

7" to 10" 20" to 24"

11" to 13" 24" to 28"

SLEEVE LENGTH

The length of the damper sleeve is determined bythe thickness of the wall/floor it will be installed inas well as the actuator, accessories and options onthe damper. UL imposes the following regulationson sleeve length:

1. The sleeve may not extend more than 6"

beyond the wall/floor on the non-actuator/non-

access door equipped side.

2. The sleeve may not extend more than 16

beyond the wall on the actuator/access door

equipped side.

3. The sleeve must extend far enough beyond the wall

to install the necessary retaining angles (usually 112")

and duct-to-sleeve connections (minimum of 112").

4. The sleeve must extend far enough beyond the

wall/floor to properly install the actuator and any

required options.


17/30

FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER OPTIONS AND VARIATIONS

Several options and accessories are available on smoke and fire/smoke dampers:

SP100 SWITCH PACKAGE OR SPH2

Provides the ability to remotely indicate damper blade position. The SP100 consists of aswitch box and a rod connected to a damper blade. The position of the blades governswhich switch is opened and which is closed. This option is an integral part of theTS150EZ FireStat. The SPH2 is a switch package, consisting of two adjustable cams,for use with direct coupled actuators. It mounts over the actuator hub and set screws.

EFL (ELECTRIC FUSE LINK)The EFL is an electric, manually resettable link that replaces the traditional fuse link and the problems associatedwith it. The EFL is equipped with an electronic thermal sensing device that will interrupt power to the actuatorwhen the fixed temperature (165oF, 212oF, 250oF or 350oF) is reached. The actuators spring return mechanismcloses the damper in a controlled manner upon power loss, usually 7 to 15 seconds. Upon cessation of fireconditions, the damper can be reopened by pressing the reset button located on the side of the EFL assembly.

The EFL may also be wired into the smoke detection or other building control systemsso the damper closes when a smoke signal is present. Once the smoke signal is cleared,the system automatically resets and the damper opens.

The EFL can only be furnished when the damper actuator is factory installed and wiredto the thermal sensor before shipment. The EFL is standard on all Ruskin combinationfire/smoke dampers and is easily resettable after testing or employment.

TS150EZ FIRESTATRuskins TS150EZ FireStat option allows remote override of a fire induced closure to permit operationin a dynamic smoke management system. The following features highlight the advantages of installing aTS150EZ on a fire/smoke damper:

Quick response temperature replace fusible or mechanical type links. The sensorsare tested with the damper/actuator assembly to ensure proper damper response to

temperature conditions. No. UL 33 fuse link testing is required.

Permits reopening damper at elevated temperatures above the standard 165F

or 212F primary fire damper closure temperature requirements of most codes.

This is essential in an engineered smoke management system.

High limit sensor closes and locks the damper if the temperature continues

to rise to 350F.

SP100 Switch Package is included with the TS150EZ providing remote status indication

of damper blade position. Permits interface with alarm systems to ensure proper

operation and allowing easy on-line testing of dampers from a remote station. Damper automatically resets to normal position when alarm system is reset after false

or nuisance alarms. Push button sensor reset at the damper is required only when

temperature at the damper has exceeded the

sensor classification.

9

SP100SPH2


18/30

DUCT SMOKE DETECTORNational and local standards recognize the ability of air duct systems to transfer smoke, toxic gases, and flamefrom one area to another. Sometimes smoke can be of such quantity as to be a serious hazard to life safetyunless the blowers are shut down and the dampers are actuated. The primary purpose of duct smoke detectionis to prevent injury, panic, and property damage by reducing the spread of smoke.

A duct smoke detector is a device, or group of devices, used to detect the presence of smoke in the duct work.When smoke is detected in the duct, the electric supply to the damper actuator is cut off by the detector

causing the damper to close. Duct smoke detection can also serve to protect air conditioning system itselffrom fire and smoke damage, and can be used to assist in equipment protection applications, such asventilation/exhaust duct work of a mainframe computers and tape drives. The duct smoke detector maybe used in conjunction with a Ruskin combination fire/smoke damper or a smoke damper and can be mountedat the factory, or shipped loose for field assembly. Most duct smoke detectors require some airflow to operatecorrectly. There are, however, area detectors that are approved for in duct installation, which do not requireairflow. Ruskin can provide both types.

TRANSITION OPTIONSRound, oval or rectangular transitions may be required for installations in different style duct work.Rectangular dampers are normally constructed 2" larger than the duct dimensions and provided with a factorysleeve. The sleeve is transitioned at each end with the appropriate collar depending on duct size and shape.

Rectangular dampers are sometimes transitioned with rectangular collars to achieve a higher damper free area.

10

W

H

W

H

D

Square Transition Round Transition Oval Transition


19/30

DAMPER INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

All fire/smoke damper manufacturers are required to provide installation instructions detailing the UL approvedinstallation methods and procedures for each model damper. These instructions must be followed accurately tomaintain the dampers UL listing. Installation requirements may vary between different manufacturers as amanufacturer may qualify for different installation methods.

Like a typical fire damper installation, combination fire/smoke dampers are required to be enclosed in a sleeveand installed within the plane of a fire rated wall or floor. Smoke dampers may be installed directly in theductwork and are not required to be enclosed in a sleeve.

MAXIMUM DAMPER SIZE LIMITATIONSCombination fire/smoke dampers and smoke dampers have maximum UL listed single section damper sizes forsmaller openings and a maximum UL listed multiple section damper size for larger openings. Size limitationsare based solely upon what size dampers were actually tested and qualified at the UL Laboratory to meet theUL555 and UL555S requirements.

SMOKE DAMPER INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTSSmoke dampers have the following installation requirements:

LocationThe smoke damper must be installed no more than 24" from the smoke

barrier it is intended to protect.

AttachmentThe manufacturers installation instructions will include the approved

method for attachment and spacing of the attachments.

SealingThe joints between the damper frame and the duct must be sealed to

prevent unwanted air leakage.

FIRE AND COMBINATION FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTSCombination fire/smoke dampers have the following installationrequirements:

Expansion gapTypically the fire wall opening must be a minimum of14" larger than the

width and height of the damper/sleeve assembly. The expansion gap must

increase 18" for each foot the damper exceeds 2' on the width or height.

Sleeve requirementsThe specific sleeve requirements depend on the damper size and type of

duct to sleeve connection. As a general rule, the sleeve thickness must beequal to or thicker than the duct connected to it. See the Sleeve

Requirements section of this manual for more details on UL sleeve length

limitations.

Damper to sleeve connectionsThe manufacturers installation instructions are required to show the method of attaching the damper to the

sleeve and the spacing of the attachments.

11

Duct Outlet24"Max.

Ductwork

Smoke Barrier

Sealant

Damper

RetainingAngle

RetainingAngle

Sleeve

SpaceAllowanceRequired forExternallyMounted

Actuator

Wall or Floor


20/30

Securing sleeveRuskins Picture Frame Mounting Angles (PFMA) or conventional UL approved retaining angles are attached

to the sleeve of the damper on each side, top and bottom on both sides of the wall or floor. Ruskins FAST

Angle is fastened to both the sleeve and the wall or floor on only one side of the wall or top of the floor. All

angles must overlap the partition a minimum of 1".

SealingApplication of sealant between the mounting angles and the fire rated partition is not required by UL.

However, if a tight seal on these areas is specified, sealant can be applied per the manufacturers instructions.

Duct to sleeve connectionsDuct to sleeve connections can be rigid or breakaway type. See the Sleeve Requirements section of this manual

for more details on approved UL duct-to-sleeve connections.

Space envelopeWhen a fire smoke damper is installed it must fit in a space with room for wiring or piping. The actuator

and accessories must be accessible for testing and service or replacement. Ruskin fire/smoke damper actuators

and accessories are normally externally mounted on the right side of the sleeve as shown. If left side mount

is required the damper can be turned upside down since there is no top or bottom. In addition, Ruskin fire/

smoke dampers are not air flow directional, so the damper may be installed with the actuator and accessories

on either side of the wall or floor. Some damper sizes require the actuator to extend above or below the sleeve.Ruskin can factory mount the actuator to fit the application, if space above or below is limited and turning the

damper over or rotating it on its axis will not work.

DAMPER MAINTENANCEOwners of buildings or their agents should establish planned maintenance schedules for fire, smoke andcombination fire/smoke dampers. Failure to properly maintain the dampers may be a contributing causeof fires and/or loss of life. Damper maintenance involves examining the damper to ensure it is not rusted orblocked and operating the damper via the actuator, with normal system airflow, to ensure the actuator performsafter prolonged periods of holding. The National Fire Protection Association makes several recommendationsregarding maintenance. These recommendations may be found in NFPA90A and NFPA92A. In addition, thedamper and actuator manufacturers make maintenance and cycling recommendations in their product literature.

INSTALLATION QUESTIONS

HOW SHOULD FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS BE INSTALLED?Fire smoke dampers should be installed in accordance with the manufacturers UL approved installationinstructions.

WHAT IF THE DAMPERS CANNOT BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MANUFACTURERS UL APPROVEDINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS.

Sometimes it is impossible to adhere to the manufacturer provided installation instructions. Obviously this

brings up the issue of keeping the UL label on the damper. Remodel work especially will present challenginginstallations. The proper procedure in these situations is to propose a solution based on good engineeringjudgment and have the solution evaluated by the local authority having jurisdiction.

There are a number of resources available to consult when looking for solutions to installations problems.Here are a few suggestions:

Damper manufacturer representatives are usually well informed as to what alternative installations have

been approved in the past.

The damper manufacturers applications support department often has experience with solutions to

unconventional installations.

12


21/30

Building code inspectors or officials could be an excellent source of information on unusual installations.

The SMACNA Fire, Smoke and Radiation Damper Installation Guide for HVAC systems illustrates many

damper installations situations and includes suggested alternate methods for consideration.

HOW DO YOU INSTALL IN OPENINGS THAT ARE LARGER THAN THE MAXIMUM UL LISTED DAMPER SIZES?Steel mullions can be used to separate vertically mounted static fire dampers in wall openings larger than

the maximum UL listed multiple section damper assembly. The damper cannot exceed 120" in height by

unlimited width using vertical mullions every 120." Mullions can only be used in concrete block orpoured walls with 7" minimum and 12" maximum thickness. Hollow concrete block walls must

be filled with concrete before using mullions.

WHAT IF A FIRE OR FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER CANNOT BE INSTALLED IN THE WALL?Some damper manufacturers have tested fire/smokedampers for installation out of the wall. The distance thedamper can be installed out of the wall varies with eachmanufacturer but in no case can the damper be more than16" out of the wall. Fire/smoke dampers tested for out ofthe wall installation are normally wrapped by some typeof fire resistant material. Refer to the manufacturers

installation instructions for specific requirements.

HOW MUCH SPACE OUTSIDE THE DAMPER SLEEVE IS REQUIRED FOR THE ACTUATOR AND CONTROL OPTIONS?(see page 12)

The space envelope is dependent upon the type and make of the actuator. Enough space should be provided to

allow for wiring or piping and the replacement of the actuator and other control options. The manufacturer

should be contacted for envelope requirements.

WHAT IF A FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER MUST BE MODIFIED IN THE FIELD?Once a fire smoke/damper leaves the factory subsequent changes (field modifications) must be approved by theAuthority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Sometimes the AHJ approves the modification and sometimes herequires UL to determine the suitability of the modification before he approves it. UL determines suitability

through one of the following: Field Inspection by a UL representative A field inspection is scheduled if the modification or repair

uses original parts and results in a construction that is in compliance with the current UL Follow-Up Service

procedure.

Field Evaluation or Field Investigation A field evaluation is scheduled if the modification or repair uses

parts not original to the product.

Field evaluations or inspections can be costly. Therefore, it is extremely important to specify and order the

correct damper.

WHAT IF THE DAMPER IS REQUIRED TO BE FIRESTOPPED?Questions have arisen in several instances where local code officials or system designers have required that

contractors provide firestopping materials in fire damper and combination fire/smoke damper applications.There is no UL requirement to firestop the annular space between the damper/sleeve assembly and wall or floor.However, Ruskin fire and combination fire/smoke dampers have been tested and may be firestopped in accor-dance with the UL approved firestopping installation instructions. Consult Ruskin for more information.

IS AN ACCESS DOOR REQUIRED FOR EVERY FIRE OR FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER?Yes, most building codes require fire or fire/smoke dampers to be accessible for inspection and servicing.

13


22/30

3900 Dr. Greaves Rd., Kansas City, MO 64030 (816) 761-7476 Fax (816) 761-0521

RFSDM-11/02

ISO9001CERT I F I ED

www.ruskin.com

R

Air & Sound ControlSpecified by Many Equaled by None


23/30

The contractors guide tosaving time and money

LABOR

SAVERS

LABOR

SAVERS

Fire, Smoke & Fire/Smoke Dampers


24/30

2

LABOR SAVER Page

#1 FAST ONE SIDE ANGLE INSTALLATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

#2 FSDR25 ROUND FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

#3 INTEGRAL SLEEVE FIRE AND FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

#4 S-AND-DRIVEMATE BREAKAWAY CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

#5 FIRE AND FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS FOR GRILLE INSTALLATIONS . . . . . . . . 4

#6 RA INTEGRAL RETAINING ANGLE FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS . . . . . . . . . . . 4

#7 SMOKE DETECTORS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

#8 FRONT ACCESS RISER FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

#9 CORRIDOR CEILING FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

#10 (D)IBD 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

#11 TDF/DUCTMATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

#12 FSD GA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

#13 IBD OW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

#14 SECURITY BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

#15 INTEGRAL ACCESS DOORS (FACTORY INSTALLED). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

#16 OUT OF WALL FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

#17 FIRESTOP INSTALLATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

#18 LARGEST SINGLE AND MULTI-SECTION SIZE DAMPERS IN THE INDUSTRY . . 8

#19 RUSKIN SPECIAL TAGGING AND PACKAGING OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

#20 RATED FOR AIRFLOW IN ANY DIRECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

#21 QUICK DETECT CONTROLLED CLOSURE ELECTRIC FUSE LINK . . . . . . . . . . 8

Contents


25/30

FSDR25 ROUND FIRE/SMOKEDAMPERSTrue Round combination

fire/smoke damper

Approved for masonry, block, wood or metal stud walls/floors

Easy installation in round or square openings

Shipped complete with integral sleeve and retaining plates Significant performance advantages vs. rectangular dampers

Installation time and cost greatly reduced

Designed to be quickly and easily installed

in both industrial and commercial structures,

Ruskins fire, smoke and combination

fire/smoke dampers do more than save

lives and property...they also save you

time and money.

Available with a variety of labor-saving

advantages such as, factory sleeves,

FASTmounting angles, and factory-

mounted actuators, Ruskins dampers

easily slip into place and offer a cost

efficient way to achieve complete

protection.

Ruskins products are made to exacting

standards and specifications, and are

supported by a technical sales force in

every major city nationwide. And, with

the Ruskin Express Quick Ship Program

we can guarantee just-in-time delivery on

many orders.

For more information about Ruskins fire

and smoke dampers visit www.ruskin.com

or call us at (816) 761-7476.

Save Time

Save MoneySave NOW!

FAST ONE SIDE ANGLEINSTALLATIONS Permits damper installation

before or after drywallinstallation

Approved for metal andwood stud walls and concrete floors

Approved for all Ruskin fire andfire/smoke dampers

www.ruskin.com

LABORSAVER

#1

LABORSAVER

#2

3


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4

S-AND-DRIVEMATE BREAKAWAYCONNECTIONS Only UL drive for dampers greater

than 20 high

Easy to use, worry free connectionsthat stay joined

No need to switch connectors inthe middle of the job

Approved for use only with Ruskinproducts

INTEGRAL SLEEVE FIRE AND FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS Ready to install from the factory Delivered direct to the job site

Eliminates field sleeves and special handling

Significant savings over conventional sleeved dampers

FIRE AND FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERSFOR GRILLE INSTALLATIONS Factory supplied mounting flanges

speed grille installation

Ready to install integral sleevedamper fits flush in wall opening

Customer grille conceals mountingflanges for attractive installation

RA INTEGRAL RETAININGANGLE FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS

No additional mounting angles required

Easy installation from one side of wall

Approved for masonry, wood or metal stud walls Sleeveless return air applications

Installation time and cost greatly reduced

LABORSAVER

#4 LABORSAVER

#6

LABORSAVER

#3 LABORSAVER

#5


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5

FRONT ACCESS RISER FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS Designed for corridor or shaft wall applications

Permits Front Access to actuator through grille

Installs completely from one side of wall Eliminates need for unsightly fire rated access doors

No requirement for retaining angles

Highest UL leakage rating available Class I

CORRIDOR CEILING FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS Protection for tunnel corridor applications

Through penetration or grille termination installations

May be installed in walls as standard fire/smoke dampers

Through the grille access to actuator

Eliminates need for unsightly access doors in finished ceiling

SMOKE DETECTORS Eliminates installation confusion Eliminates unnecessary detector handling

Factory wired for single point connection

Worry-free detector placement

No flow applications available

Cost efficientDSOF Smoke Detector

LABORSAVER

#7

LABORSAVER

#8 LABORSAVER

#9


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6

(D)IBD 10 No Mounting angle or labor costs Permits damper installation before or after

drywall installation

Eliminates field sleeves and special handling

Ready to install from the factory

TDF/DUCTMATE Easy to use, worry free connections that stay joined


Delivered direct to the job site

Eliminates special handling

FSD GA Permits access to actuator through grille No retaining angles required

Installs completely from one side of wall or floor

Eliminates need for unsightly fire rated access door

IBD OW Designed to provide installation

flexibility

Approved for masonry, block ormetal stud walls and floors

Ideal for upgrade or retrofitprojects

Eliminates approval hassles

LABORSAVER

#11 LABORSAVER

#13

LABORSAVER

#12LABORSAVER

#10


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7

FIRESTOP INSTALLATIONS Only for Ruskin fire or fire/smoke dampers

Approved for masonry, block or metal stud walls/floors

Provides installation flexibility

Eliminates approval hassles No retaining angles required

SECURITY BAR UL approved with Ruskin dampers as an assembly Eliminates approval hassles




INTEGRAL ACCESS DOORS (FACTORY INSTALLED) Meets Building Code requirements for access

Meets UL requirements for access doorinstallation in a sleeve


For all Ruskin fire and fire/smoke dampers

Saves time and money

OUT OF WALL FIRE/SMOKE DAMPERS Designed to provide installation flexibility


Approved for masonry, block or metal stud walls

Retaining angles required on only one side

LABORSAVER

#14

LABORSAVER

#15 LABORSAVER

#17

LABORSAVER

#16


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R

DAMPERS AND LOUVERS

Airflow any directi

RATED FOR INSTALLATION ORAIRFLOW IN ANY DIRECTION Makes damper installation easy


Speeds up installation time

RUSKIN SPECIAL TAGGING AND PACKAGING OPTIONS Factory packaged by floor to eliminate sorting by hand

Speeds handling of large orders Reduces job site labor costs

No additional cost to you

QUICK DETECTCONTROLLED CLOSUREELECTRIC FUSE LINK Detects heat quicker than fusible links

Eliminates instantaneous closure

Prevents duct system damage

Meets UL requirements for multi-section dampers Allows easy push button reset after heat test

(B)96" (2438)Maximum

(A)144" (3200)

Maximum

14 gage (2.0) x damper "A"dimensions x 5" (127) widereinforcing plate

LARGEST MULTI-SECTION SIZE DAMPERSIN THE INDUSTRY Eliminates approval hassles

Reduces installation costs



LABORSAVER

#19 LABORSAVER

#21

LABORSAVER

#20LABORSAVER

#18

Temperature Sens

fire smoke damper

Documents