firehouse magazine proper backing 06-08 - … 1 firehouse magazine emergency vehicle operations...

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1 FIREHOUSE MAGAZINE EMERGENCY VEHICLE OPERATIONS PROPER BACKING PROCEDURES Most if not all fire departments have standard operating guidelines and most if not all of those standards operating guidelines contain a policy statement as it relates to the proper backing of emergency vehicles. If your fire department does not have a policy they should and perhaps this column will help to that end. My company, Emergency Vehicle Response has trained thousands of Emergency Vehicle Operators over the course of the last decade and a half. One of the biggest complaints that my hands on driving instructors have with course participates are the lack of standard hand signals for the safe backing of emergency vehicles. Some backers move their arms wildly as if they were helping to land a 747, some backers can hardly have their hand motions seen by the driver at all and still other backers do not seem to know what to do. Some backers stand on the driver’s, some backers stand on the officer’s side and some backers stand directly behind the apparatus out of the direct line of sight of the driver, seemingly wanting to be run over by the apparatus. I have been searching for some time to find the best practices for backing of the apparatus and I have finally found it courtesy of The Federal firefighters in the Mohave Dessert at Edwards Air Force Base in California. Almost all firefighters at Edwards have served in the military. The hand signals presented here are courtesy of military training classes

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Page 1: FIREHOUSE MAGAZINE Proper Backing 06-08 - … 1 FIREHOUSE MAGAZINE EMERGENCY VEHICLE OPERATIONS PROPER BACKING PROCEDURES Most if not all fire departments have standard operating guidelines

 

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FIREHOUSE MAGAZINE 

EMERGENCY VEHICLE OPERATIONS 

 

PROPER BACKING PROCEDURES 

 

  Most if not all fire departments have standard operating guidelines and most if not all of those standards operating guidelines contain a policy statement as it relates to the proper backing of emergency vehicles. If your fire department does not have a policy they should and perhaps this column will help to that end.  My company, Emergency Vehicle Response has trained thousands of Emergency Vehicle Operators over the course of the last decade and a half.  One of the biggest complaints that my hands on driving instructors have with course participates are the lack of standard hand signals for the safe backing of emergency vehicles.  Some backers move their arms wildly as if they were helping to land a 747, some backers can hardly have their hand motions seen by the driver at all and still other backers do not seem to know what to do. Some backers stand on the driver’s, some backers stand on the officer’s side and some backers stand directly behind the apparatus out of the direct line of sight of the driver, seemingly wanting to be run over by the apparatus.  I have been searching for some time to find the best practices for backing of the apparatus and I have finally found it courtesy of The Federal firefighters in the Mohave Dessert at Edwards Air Force Base in California.  Almost all firefighters at Edwards have served in the military. The hand signals presented here are courtesy of military training classes 

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taken and completed by these firefighters. 

 

ATTENTION: To start make sure that the driver and the backer are in sync with one another and that both are paying attention. The backer faces the vehicle takes left hand pointing towards the eyes while motioning with the right hand. 

This alerts the driver that the backer is in place and ready to proceed and prevents the driver from backing over the backer. 

 

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STOP: Facing the apparatus raise both arms with elbows bent clasp the hands together, palms facing, at the chin level.  Hold that position until the signal is understood.  Always be able to see the drivers mirror and stand on the driver’s side of the apparatus. If the backer sees the drivers mirror than the driver sees the backer, if the driver is looking in the mirror and paying attention 

 

 

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LEFT TURN: Extend the left arm horizontally to the side palm outward and use the right arm to motion the driver back.

 

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RIGHT TURN:  Extend the right arm horizontally to the side palm outward and use the left arm to motion the driver back. 

 

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STRAIGHT BACK: Bending both elbows palms toward one another and parallel with the backer’s legs motioning front to back. 

 

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CLOSE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE APPARATUS AND OBSTRUCTIONS AND STOP:  Face the vehicle being signaled, extend the forearms to the front, palms inward and separated the distance between the apparatus and the obstruction. Bring the palms together as the apparatus approaches the obstruction. The apparatus must stop when the palms come together. 

 

Backing policy 

1. Always avoid backing when possible. 2. If possible position the apparatus to avoid having to back up. 

Better to drive two miles straight than to have to back up a mere 50’. 3. Always have a backer. Especially when backing into the fire station. 4. The backer should always be dressed in reflective clothing. 

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5. The backer should be radio equipped and be on the same frequency as the apparatus radio. 

6. The driver and the backer should agree on hand signals prior to backing. 7. The backer should be positioned to maintain eye contact with the driver. 8. The driver must stop immediately if the driver loses sight of the backer. 9. At night the backing area along with the backer and the rear of the 

apparatus should be well illuminated. 10. The backer should check for ground stability, ground level obstructions and 

overhead obstructions prior to initiating backing. 11.  The backer should check for other vehicles, pedestrians, bystanders, police 

officers and other firefighters before backing. 12.  Never rely on back up alarms, back up camera’s, backstops or other 

technologies. There is absolutely no substitute for a good backer. 13.  The driver should roll down the apparatus window and be attentive to the 

backer. 14.   The driver must also monitor the front of the apparatus particularly if the 

apparatus is equipped with a front bumper extension or the apparatus is a rear mounted aerial or aerial tower ladder that has a bucket or aerial overhang over the front bumper. 

15.  “R” stands for reverse not race, back up slowly. 16.   Safe backing is always the responsibility of the apparatus operator.  

 

Remember twenty eight percent of all apparatus accidents occur in reverse. Several firefighters have died in the line of duty the last few years in backing accidents and many more have been injured.  Backing accidents represent the single most preventable accident in all of the emergency vehicle driving. 

I would like to thank Captain Bill Wilson and the Edwards Air Force Base Fire Department for their cooperation in preparing this column. Next month we will look at those changes in the N.F.P.A. 1901 Motorized Fire Apparatus Standard that will effect apparatus operation and driving. 

 

Firehouse Magazine June 2008 

By: Michael Wilbur 

All Photos By The Author 

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