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MATTER AND CHANGECHAPTER 2

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CHEMYSTERY Which One is Not Like

the Other??In Yellowstone National Park, there are more than

300 geysers. If you are able to witness a geysererupting, you will see water and steam shootingout of the ground. In Glacier National Park, thebottoms of glaciers go through melting andfreezing cycles. These cycles produce valleys that

are scored into a U-shape and are flanked by steepsides of earth. In Acadia National Park, the leaveson the deciduous trees change color each fall. Theleaves go from green to red, orange, or yellow. Allthree of these sights are amazing to see. They all

result from changes. Are they physical or chemicalchanges? One of them is not like the others. Butwhich one is different, and why?

As we learn about matter, think about howmatter is altered by physical and chemical

changes.

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Matter

Matter is anything that: has mass and takes up space

Mass = a measure of the amount of material the objectcontains

Volume = a measure of the space occupied by the object

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Describing Matter

Properties used to describe matter can beclassified as:

1. Extensive

depends on the amount ofmatter in the sample Example: mass, volume, calories

2. Intensive depends on the type of

matter, not the amount present Example: hardness, density, boiling point

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Extensive vs. Intensive

Examples:

boiling point

volume

mass

density

conductivity

intensive

extensive

extensive

intensive

intensive

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Properties: Physical Property Can be observed without changing the identity of

the substance

Examples: color, hardness, melting point, and

boiling point, and density

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Properties: Chemical Property

Describes theability of asubstance toundergo

changes inidentity

Examples:ability toburn,decompose,ferment, reactwith, etc.

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Four States of Matter

Solids

particles vibrate but cant move around

fixed shape

fixed volume

incompressible

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Four States of Matter

Liquids

particles can move around butare still close together

variable shape

fixed volume

Virtually incompressible

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Four States of Matter

Gases

particles can separate and movethroughout container

variable shape and volume

Easily compressed

Vapor: gaseous state of a substance that

is a liquid or solid at room temperature

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Four States of Matter

Plasma

particles collide with enough energy to breakinto charged particles

gas-like, variable shape & volume Ex: stars, fluorescent light bulbs, TV tubes