fixation of sandwich panels, mechanism and innovations• load bearing capacity depends first and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Germany • Indiawww.zbn.de
Competence in light-weight constructions• advise, development,• design, structural analysis• supervision, expertise, certification worldwide
Fixation of Sandwich Panels,Mechanism and Innovations
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010 Overview
1. Conventional FixationsWhy Does It Happen to Work?
2. Hidden FixationsDesign versus Limitations?
3. Innovative FixationsWhat is That All About?
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations → Visible Fixations
● The load bearing mechanism is not really understood
● Tiny washer areas carry surprisingly high loads
● The inevitableness of bulges
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations
Comparison of Supports and Fixations
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations
Comparison of Supports and Fixations
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations
Contemporary Test Set-ups are diffuse
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EN
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations
Simple Sandwich Theory Does not Cover Point Impacts
Sou
rce:
Y. F
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. Bar
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations
Simple Sandwich Theory Does not Cover Point Impacts
Sou
rce:
Y. F
rost
ig, M
. Bar
uch,
O. V
ilnay
, I. S
hein
man
:H
igh-
Ord
er T
heor
y fo
r San
dwic
h-B
eam
Bea
vior
with
Tra
nsve
rsel
y Fl
exib
le C
ore
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations
Research at the Technical University of Dortmund
Sou
rce:
AiF
-Res
earc
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6066
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Goals of Part I (partly and shortened):
Development of realistic calculation models of transversely
acting sandwich fixations.
Thus allow the structural and constructive design and
optimisation of new fastening systems without approval
AIF-Research Project 16066 N„Innovative Anchorage of Sandwich Elements“
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations
Research at the Technical University of Dortmund
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rce:
AiF
-Res
earc
h P
roje
ct 1
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AIF-Research Project 16066 NApproach to Part I
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations
Research at the Technical University of Dortmund
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AiF
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AIF-Research Project 16066 NApproach to Part I
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations
Research at the Technical University of Dortmund
Preliminary Results of Part I:
• Load bearing capacity depends first and foremost linearly
on the thickness of the adjacent steel layer and
on the diameter of the washer.
• The influence of the core stiffness,
the pressure resistance, and
the thickness of the element
are more or less negligible.
• Bulges are – as ever known – unavoidable.
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations
Unavoidable Bulges
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Conventional Fixations
Unavoidable Bulges
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Hidden Fixations → Civil Engineer´s Nightmare?
● The fixations become structurally decisive
● Contemporary systems do not pardon any mistake nor accident
● Load spreading inlays are prone to be not reliably watertight
● Linear Sandwich Theory is Scarcely Applicable only
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Hidden Fixations
Fixations Become Structurally Decisive, Reason I and II
Source: Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine, Universität Karlsruhe - Bericht Nr.: 061505
● The load bearing capacity of marginal fixations is low
● There are only few fixation possibilities.
Roughly estimated reduction factor (20mm ≤ e ≤ 45mm):
Maximal number of screws per square meter:
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Hidden Fixations
Fixations Become Structurally Decisive, Reason I and II
Source: Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine, Universität Karlsruhe - Bericht Nr.: 061505
● The load bearing capacity of marginal fixations is low
● There are only few fixation possibilities.
Roughly estimated reduction factor (20mm ≤ e ≤ 45mm):
Maximal number of screws per square meter:
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Hidden Fixations
Fixations Become Structurally Decisive, Reason III
The fixation has to be achieved by a positive lock
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Hidden Fixations
Fixations Become Structurally Decisive, Reason III
The fixation has to be achieved by a positive lock
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Hidden Fixations
Limitation of Possible Span Widths by Hidden Fixation
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Hidden
Visible
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
1-span2-spans
3-spans
3.25
1.90 2.20
4.254.15 4.25
Hidden
Visible
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Hidden Fixations
Invisibly Fixed Sw-Panels are rather Plates but not Beams
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Hidden Fixations
Invisibly Fixed Sw Panels are Difficult to Replace
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rsLT
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Hidden Fixations
Load Spreading Plates are Commonly not Sealed
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App
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Innovative Fixations → an Attempt at Walking
● Fixations at one face only are urgently required
● Fixations at one face only are currently not in reach
● Constructive alternatives might be possible
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Innovative Fixations
Fixation of Solar Systems, Racks, Ducts, Lamps, or ...
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rce:
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Innovative Fixations
Fixation of Solar Systems, Racks, Ducts, Lamps, or ...
Sou
rce:
ww
w.sc
hlet
ter.d
e
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Innovative Fixations
Research at Technical University of Dortmund
Goals of Part II (partly and shortened):
Design, dimensioning, and optimisation of anchorage systems
at the inner face of sandwich elements.
Development of computational tools for the economical
dimensioning of these anchorage systems.
Provision of design rules in terms of economical production
and simple on-site assembly.
Sou
rce:
AiF
-Res
earc
h P
roje
ct 1
6066
N
AIF-Research Project 16066 N„Innovative Anchorage of Sandwich Elements“
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Innovative Fixations
Research at Technical University of DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 NInnovative Anchorage of Sandwich Elements
Sou
rce:
AiF
-Res
earc
h P
roje
ct 1
6066
N
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Innovative Fixations
Research at Technical University of DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 NInnovative Anchorage of Sandwich Elements
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0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
- 2 4 6 8
Forc
e [k
N]
Displacement [mm]
Lifting Force
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Innovative Fixations
Research at Technical University of DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 NInnovative Anchorage of Sandwich Elements
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Sou
rce:
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Innovative Fixations
Research at Technical University of DortmundAIF-Research Project 16066 NInnovative Anchorage of Sandwich Elements
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Innovative Fixations
Research at Technical University of Dortmund
Realisation due to the very first tests (Part II):
There is no easy way to fix reasonable loads at one steel
skin only.
The applicable forces are disappointingly small.
AIF-Research Project 16066 N„Innovative Anchorage of Sandwich Elements“
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Innovative Fixations
Alternatives?
Source: ZBN Civil Engineers LTD
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Dirk H. Urbanek
Fixation of Sandwich Panels16.09.2010
Résumé
● Even the traditional visible fixation ought to be further examined
● Hidden fixations provide many disadvantages and all of which are inherent
● Real innovations are not in sight and will demand some additional efforts
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