fj¿u 02 l,dmh 01 fidndfl;203.115.26.10/2019/thesobha.pdf · 2019-06-28 · fj¿u 02 l,dmh 01...
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jdß ;dlaIK úialï mEjeõ mßir moaO;s
mßir iq/l=ug" udkjÑka;kfha fmdaIKh
jdhqf.da,Sh ;;a;ajksÍlaIK jevigyk
yß; k.r ixl,amfhald,Sk wjYH;dj
idïm%odhsl ksjfia mßirys;ldó nj
Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißlwe.hSï jevms<sfj,
fj¿u 02" l,dmh 01
2019 cqks
fid÷re ñksiqkaf.a kjd;ek
fidndfl;fidndfl;
u
mßir .S;hfoõ f,djo ujq ìug fojeks fldg is;kafkuqfoõ f,dfõ ke;s wisß ujq ìfï olskafkuqmßirh rlskafkuq jvkafkuq jjkafkuqfï ms<skfhka iod uõìug nef|kafkuq
j,d isUe .,d hk k§ Èh ksr;=re hjk Whka u,a Whka m, Whka úis;=re hisis,iska mK fmdjk u| mjk msú;=rehmßirh /flk ;=re fidnd ou iqñ;=reh
;Kaydj wdidj wehs o fmdÈ n¢kafkarfÜ jk iïm;g wehs fmdrj kÕkafkafidnd ou lsmqKq od i;a j. ue kiskafkamßirh rlskafka uq¿ rg ue rlskafka
fu ñys u;e jik i; isf;ys fu; jefõ jd æ.y fld<g mjd tu fu;a isis, oefka jd ænj fNda. iïm;ska i;g fi; iefoa jd æwfma yqiafuka mjd mßirh ksfõ jd æ
3fidndfl;
mgqk
foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi iy
mDÓúfha fyg ojiYS% ,dxflah jeõ mßir moaO;s
wOHhkfha jeo.;alu
lDIs wd¾Ólh iy mßir idOlfha iqixfhda.h
mßir ixrlaIKh i|yd udkj Ñka;kh
mßir iq/l=u fjkqfjka wmg l< yelafla
jdhqf.da,Sh ;;a;aj ñKqï jevigyfka ld,Sk wjYH;dj
yß; k.r ixl,amh wfma merKs ksji
bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH ydksh y÷kd.ekSu yd ls%hd;aulùu
lghq;= lrñka mj;s'
mßir n,mEï we.hSï l%shdj,shg ,lalrkq,nkafka jHdmD;Ska yd l%shdldrlï jk w;rWmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSu bka Tíngf.dia ;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,Sfha Bg by<skamsysá uÜgï" tkï ;SrK.ekSfï Wmdhud¾.sluÜgï" jk jevigyka" ie,iqï" m%;sm;a;swdÈh l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%;sM, f,i we;súhyels wksis mdßißl n,mEï u.yeÍu fydawju lsÍu iïnkaOfhka l%shd;aul fõ'
Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSu f,iye¢kafjkafka m%;sm;a;s" ie,iqï" jevigykawd§ jHdmD;s uÜgug by<ska msysá ;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,sfha Wmdhud¾.sl uÜgï j,oSmdßißl wjYH;d iy ;srir nfõ wfkl=;awx.hka flfrys m%udKj;a ie,ls,a,la ,nd§ui|yd tu ;SrK .kakd wdh;k fhduq lsÍugBg wod< md¾Yjlrejka f.a odhl;ajh ,nd.ekSu i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nk l%udkql+,jQ;a"wruqKq fmroeß lr .;a;djQ;a" úoHd;auljQ;aiyNd.S;aj l%shdj,shls'
;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,Sfha msysá uÜgïwkqj ta iïnkaOfhka isÿlrkq ,nk Wmd-hud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSï i|yd jkm%fõYhka o" Ndú;d lrk l%ufõo iyfuj,ï o" bka wfmalaIs; m%;sM,o fjkia fõ'tfukau ;SrK .ekSfï OQrdj,Sfha yeu jeo.;a
OQrdj,S uÜgula i|ydu Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißlwe.hSï l%shdj,sh wod, fõ'
f,dj m%:u jrg Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißlwe.hSï l%shdj,sh y÷kajd fokq ,enqfha 1969jif¾' weußld tlai;a ckmoh úiska iïu;lrk ,o cd;sl mdßißl m%;sm;a;s mk;u.sks' ta óg jir 50 lg fmr§h' bkawk;=rej wfkl=;a rgj,a o wkql%ufhkaWmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSu Ndú; lsÍugfhduqfjñka mej;s nj;a j¾I 2001§ hqfrdamShix.uh úiska Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSums<sn| úêúOdk m%ldYhg m;alsÍu;a iu. tysjHdma;sh jvd fõ.j;a jQ nj;a fmkS hhs'
wdrïNl wjêj, § Wmdhud¾.slmdßißl we.hSï l%shdj,sh mßir n,mEï
we.hSï l%shdj,sfhamshjrhkaf.kau hqla; úh'tajdkï( Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißlwe.hSula wjYH jkafkao ke;sohkak ;SrKh lsÍu (Screening&"úIh m%udKh lsÍu ^Scoping&"úl,am we.hSu ^Evaluation of al-ternatives&" Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißlwe.hSï jd¾;dj ms<sfh, lsÍu ydiudf,dapkh ̂Report preparationand review&" ;SrKh .ekSu ^De-cision making& iy miqúmrïlsÍu ^Monitoring& hkdÈhhs'
ie,iqï" jevigyka jeks ;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,sfha my< uÜgïi|yd fuu we.hSï l%ufõohiqÿiq jqj;a th kuHYS,S nfjkawvq neúka m%;sm;a;s ieliSu"
50
Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSula (SEA)wjYH jkafka o ke;s o hkak y÷kd .ekSu
(Screening)
úIh m%udKh lsÍu(Scooping)
úl,am we.hSï(Assessment of Alternatives)
jd¾;dj ieliSu yd iudf,dapkh(Report Preparation and Review)
;SrK .ekSu(Decision Making)
miqúmrï lsÍu(Monitoring and Followup)
woyia úuiSu yd(Consultation)iyNd.S;ajh(Participation)
m%;sm;a;s
ie,iqï
jevigyka
jHdmD;s EIA
SEA
SEA
SEA
;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,sh ;=< Wmdhud¾.slmdßißl we.hSfï odhl;ajh
^rEmigyk 01&
^rEmigyk 02&
Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSu
ta'fÊ' tï' uqiïñ,aiNdm;s - uOHu mßir wêldßh
fyauka; chisxywOHlaI ckrd,a - uOHu mßir wêldßh
.dñ‚ chisxyksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,amßir wOHdmk yd oekqj;a lsßï wxYh
fla' tÉ' uq;=l=vwdrÉÑksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,amßir ÿIK md,k wxYh
fÊ' tï' hq' bkaør;ak ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,awmøjH l<ukdlrK wxYh
tï' fÊ' fÊ' m%kdkaÿksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,am%dfoaYSh fufyhqï wxYh
ldka;s o is,ajdksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,amßir l<ukdlrK yd we.hSï wxYh
YHdukS fmßhmafmreuwOHlaI - mßir m%j¾Ok tallh
WmfoaYl uKav,h
ixialdrliqks,a Wvql,
ksfhdacH ixialdrl
§md,a o is,ajd
iyldr ixialdrl
vhks wu,sld
úúO iyhuOqIsld È,aydksúkaOHd talkdhl
PdhdrEm;=ir je,a,f.a.hdka ixÔj
úfYaI ia;=;shmßmd,k tallhuOHu mßir wêldßh
,smskh fidndfl;mßir m%j¾Ok tallhmßir wOHdmk yd oekqj;a lsßïwxYhuOHu mßir wêldßhfvkais,a fldínElvqj udj;n;a;ruq,a,' - 0112 873449
9 13
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4
uOHu mßir wêldßfha m<d;a ld¾hd,
1' niakdysr m<d;A ld¾hd,h
104" fvkais,a fldínElvqj udj;"
n;a;ruq,a,[email protected]
ÿrl:k
*elaia
011 4856187
011 2865293
2' ol=Kq m<d; ld¾hd,h
wxl ( 359" ud;r mdr" ynrd¥j,"
fld.a.,[email protected]
ÿrl:k
*elaia
091 7877277
091-2233050
3' uOHu m<d;A ld¾hd,h
fmd,af.d,a, fõ,a, wi," fmd,af.d,a, [email protected]
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*elaia
081 7877277
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037 7877277
037 2267532
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wrsúh,ak.¾" ls,sfkdÉÑ[email protected]
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021 2285548
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m%%shka; udj;" lka;f,[email protected]
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026 2234488
uOHu mßir wêldßfha
oelau
fufyjr m%ldYh
úYsIag fiajdjla ;=<ska msú;=re
yß; mßirhla
ukd iïnkaëlrKh" m%j¾Okh" uyck iyNd.S;ajh" kS;S l%shd;aul lsßu"
ksis ;dlaIKsl ueosy;aùu iy mßir wOHdmkh yd oekqj;a lsßï u.ska mßirfha
.=Kd;aul nj iqrlsk iy yiqrejk
cd;sfha fmr .ukalre
mßir wOHdmk yd oekqj;a lsÍfï wxYfha"
mßir m%j¾Ok tallfha m%ldYkhls
2019 cqks
uOHu mßir wêldßfha Èia;%sla ld¾hd,1' .ïmy Èia;%sla ld¾hd,h
wxl 184$1" m<uq iy fojk uy," fi,dkanexl+ f.dvke.s,a," kqjr mdr" hlal,[email protected]
ÿrl:k*elaia
034 7877277034 2232201
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ÿrl:k*elaia
034 2221420034 2221420
3' ud;r Èia;%sla ld¾hd,h wxl ( 64$1" *%ekaisia iurùr udj;" .nvdùosh" ud;[email protected]
ÿrl:k*elaia
041 7877277 041-2234897
4' yïnkaf;dg Èia;%sla ld¾hd,hwxl ( 45" ùrleáh mdr" ;x.,a,[email protected]
ÿrl:k*elaia
047 2241599 047-2241599
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052 2222610052 2222610
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066 2231205066 2231205
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035-7877277035-2230449
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055 2273963 055 2273963
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027 2227376027 2227376
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Y%S ,dxflah mdßißl Wreufha wfmalu fidhd hk
uqøs; udOH idr ix.%yh
fidndfl;
5
ksoyfia yqiau .kakg kï ''''' ' ' ' '
br y| fukau ;K m; o iqúfYaI nj ;d´ oyfuys lshefõ' mßirfha iu;=,s;meje;au fjkqfjka ;K m;g o ysñ jákdlu ye¢k isá fmrÈ. Ydia;Djre .y fld<"we< fod<" i;d isõmdjd fyda br y| ;drld iuÕ iyfhda.fhka mj;sk mj; ;uwkq.dñlhkag myod ÿkay' fidndoyu kï jQ hula ñksidf.ka fjka j Wiaj fkdkeÕs taw;S;fha fidndoyfuys u wx.hla j úiq fmrÈ. jeisfhda ta ;=< uqiq j úhelS .sfhdah'
úoHd mqkreohg uÕ mE¥ kq;k ngysr o¾Yk úiska wm yeu fhduq lrkq ,enqfõfidndoyu w;sl%uKh fldg thska Wiaj kef`.kd oelaula fj;h'
.xj;=r" kdhhEï" whsia l÷ Èhùï" jdhQ ÿIKh" mßir WIaK;ajh by< hEu we;=¿mßir .eg¨ ñksia meje;au bÈßfha jk n,j;au wNsfhda.h f,i biau;= jQfha ta oelau u;hñka" fkdisf|k ñksia wjYH;d fjkqfjka mßir iu;=,s;;dj ì| oeuQ wm yeuf.al%shdldrlïj, m%;sM, jYfhks'
oeka t<eU we;af;a ta nrm;< jro ksjerÈ lr.ekSfï Ndr¥r fydardjhs' f,dl= l=vd"Wia my;a fNaofhka f;drj f,dj iEu rgl u iEu mqrjeishl= fj; u mejÍ we;s mßirfha;srir meje;au ;yjqre lsÍfï j.lSu y÷kd.ekSu u; ñksidf.a wkd.; meje;au ;Skaÿjkq we;'
tlS j.lsu ñksia j¾.hd fj; isysle|jñka ieufrk f,dal mßir Èkh fjkqfjkafï m‚jqvh fhduq lrkqfha fujr mßir Èk f;audj —;srir jk l<ukdlrKh ;=<skajdhQ ¥IKh wju lsÍu˜ fjkqfjka Tn yeu fokf.a odhl;ajh o wdhdpkh lrñks'
mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s uq,dY% Ndú;hg .ksñka" li< m%;spl%ShlrKhg iydh fjñka"fmd,s;Ska iy ma,diaála fjkqjg mßir ys;ldó weiqreï fj; yqrefjñka iy tajd m%j¾Okhlrñka" Y%S ,xldfõ jk úhkg yeuúgu w¨;a ;=re ysila tla lsÍug Tn ixfõ§ jkafkakï" ksoyfia yqiau .kq yels mßirhla fyg Èkfha Tnf.a orejdg o Wreu jkq we;'
6
mßir úIh fËa;%fha j¾;udkh jk úg wm yuqfõ wNsfhda. .Kkdjla mj;S' wmøjH l<ukdlrK .eg¿j"jdhq ÿIKh" ma,diaála fmd,s;Ska wl%uj;a neyer lsßu" mi ÿIKh ùu wdoS jYfhka fËa;% .Kkdjla oelaúhyelsh' Y%S ,xldfõ li< l<ukdlrKfha m%d:ñl j.lSu m<d;a md,k i;=j mj;S' flfia fj;;a wdh;kslÿ¾j,;d" mßirh ms<sn| j.lSï úrys;;dj" m%udKj;a uqo,a fkdue;s ùu" l%uj;a ;dlaIKsl oekqula iy li<l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| ck;djf.a fkdie,ls,su;aNdjh hk lreKq ksid li< l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|j i;=gqodhl ;;ajhla fkdmj;s' Y%S ,xldj li<ska f;dr lsÍfï wruqK fmroersj fï jk úg;a .ïmy osia;%slalhli< Y=kH wdo¾Y osia;%slalhla lrùu i|yd li< m%;slafIam lsÍu" wju lsÍu" kej; Ndú;d lsÍu ydm%;spl%ShlrK lsÍu i|yd S4 ixl,amh yÿkajd oS we;' fuys m%:u woshr f,i .ïmy osia;%slalfha m%dfoaYShf,alï fldÜGdY 13 wdjrKh jk mßos msßisÿ li< ñ,oS .ekSfï uOHia:dk msysgqùug lghq;= lr we;' w;s.reckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak ue;s;=udf.a Wmfoia mßos fuu jevigyk bosßfhaos oSm jHdma;j isÿ lsÍugolghq;= iqodkï lr we;' mßir wud;H;=uka f,i w;s.re ckdêm;s;=udf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a" ;srir jQjevms<sfj,la u; ixj¾Ok b,lal lrd .uka lsßug wjYH miqìu mßir wud;HdxYh hgf;a fï jk úgl%shd;aul lrñka mj;S' fuu jevms<sfj, i|yd ck;d iyh ,nd.ksñka ck;dj;a iuÕ taldnoaO jQ mßirixrlaIK jevms<sfj,la i|yd wjYH oekqj;a lsßï mßir wud;HdxYh u.ska l%shd;aul lrñka mj;S'tu jevms<sfj, Yla;su;a lr,Su i|yd —fidndfl;˜ jeks iÕrdjla u.ska iudch fj; f;dr;=re ,ndoSu i|yduOHu mßir wêldßh u.ska lghq;= lsÍu úfYaIfhka w.h fldg i,lñ'
YS% ,xld fklaiaÜ kñka w;s.re ckdêm;s;=ud úiska 2016 j¾Ifha oS rgg y÷kajdfok ,o mq¿,a mßir ixrlaIKjevms<sfj, bosßhg f.khdu i|yd uyje,s ixj¾Ok yd mßir wud;HdxYh f,iska fï jk úg M,ohSjQ;a"mq¿,ajQ;a m%;sm;a;suh rduqjla ilia fldg we;' wud;HdxYh hgf;a mj;sk rdcH wdh;k fukau úúO jQ ndysrmd¾Yjhka o" taldnoaO lrñka ksrka;r ixj¾Ok wruqKq Wfoid iudch iún, .ekaùfï ls%hdoduh o úúO je-vigyka Tiafia ls%hd;aul lrñka mj;S'jdhq ¥IKh md,kh fukau f.da,Sh mßir w¾nqo we;=¿ foaYsh jYfhka wm yuqfõ ;sfnk mßir w¾nqo ch.ekSu i|yd — kS,-yß; hq.hla ˜ fjkqfjka jk — YS% ,xld fklaiaÜ ˜ kï jQ mq¿,a mßir ixrlaIKjevms<sfj,lg ish¿ fokdf.au odhl;ajh wfmalaId lruq'2019 f,dal mßir oskhg iu.dój uOHu mßir wêldßh úiska t<solajk ,o —fidndfl;˜ i`.rdj u.ska ock;dj oekqj;a lsÍu Wfoid olajk ,o odhl;ajh o iqúfYaIs jkafkah'
mßir ixrlaIKfha cd;sl kshduk wdh;kh f,i uOHu mßir wêldßh ish ld¾h Ndrh uekúka bgqlrñka;srir ixj¾Okhg odhl fjñka isà' ta fjkqfjka wms ish¿ fokdu iqúfYaIs odhl;ajhla oelaúu w;HjYHhs'f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,g idfmalaIj n,k úg§ Y%s ,xldfõ b;d hym;a jQ mdßißl jgmsgdjla mj;sk w;r"ta ;;a;ajh ke;slr.eksu i|yd we;eï lKavdhï l%shd;aul ùu jyd k;r l< hq;=h' wfma wkd.; ore mrmqrg"mßir ys;ldñ rgl ðj;a ùfï whs;sh ,ndÈu j;auka mrmqf¾ jeäysáhka jk wm ldf.a;a hq;=lula njg m;ajwe;'2019 f,dal mßir Èkh iurk fujka ld,jljdkqjl iuia; Y%s ,dxflah mqrjeishka mßir iq/l=u flfrysjeä wjOdkhlska hqla; j lghq;= lsÍfï wjYH;dj wjOdrKh lrñ'
zks, - yß; hq.hlaZ wkd.; Y%s ,xldfõ ìyslr,Su i|yd w;s.re ckdêm;s;=uka rgg kdhl;ajh foñka mq¿,amßir ixrlaIK jevms<sfj,la l%shd;aul lrñka mj;sk ld,jljdKqjl Bg o Yla;shla fjñka uOHu mßirwêldßh úiska úúO jq jevigyka l%shd;aul lrkq ,nhs' 2019 f,dal mßir Èkh ieureï jevigykaj,giu.dñj fidndfl; i.rdj Tiafia kejqï wdldrfhka mßir f;dr;=re iudc.; lsßu Wfoid o .kakd ,oW;aiyh hkq i;HjYfhkau ;;ald,sk iudc wjYH;djla bgq lsßuls' f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh wo fudk;rïm%N, jqj;a" ksjerÈ f;dr;=re ksjerÈ fõ,djg iudc.; jkqfha w,am jYfhks' fujr f,dal mßir Èk f;audjgiu.dój jdhQ ¥IKh md,kh iïnkaOfhka jk oekqj;a lsßula iuÕska uOHu mßir wêldßh úiska uykqjrk.rfha yd n;a;ruq,a, m%foaYfha jdhq f.da,Sh ;;a;ajh ksßlaIKh i|yd lghq;= lsßu;a" mßir ixrlaIKhfjkqfjka jk iqúfYaIs mshjrls' mßir ¥IKh iïnkaOfhka oekqïj;a ú Bg tfrysj mshjr .eksu;a" mßirixrlaIKh fjkqfjka yels Wmßu odhl;ajh oelaùu;a iEu flfkl=f.au j.lsula nj wjOdrKh lrk w;r"fidndfl; jeks iÕrdjla u.ska ta i|yd ,ndfok ikaksfõok W;afma%rKh o kejqï m%fõYhla neõ ioykalrñ'
mßir wdl,am j,ska msßmqka mqrjeishka rgg odhdo lsÍfï§ zmßir wOHdmkZ úIh lafIa;%hg ysñ jkafkam%uqL;djhls' oekg jir 35 l muK ld, jljdKqjla ;siafia uOHu mßir wêldßh úiska furg mdi,a moaO;sh;=< l%shd;aul lrñka mj;sk mßir kshuq cd;sl jevigyk b,lal .; lr we;af;a o wkd.; Y%s ,xlsh mqr-jeishd mdßißl oekqfuka msßmqka mqoa.,fhla f,iska ks¾udKh jk whqßks'mdßißl kS;s Ndú; lrñka mßir ¥IK md,khg lghq;= lrk w;r" mqoa.,hdf.a mdßißl idlaIr;dj ÈhqKqlrñka mßir ¥IKh msgq oelSug;a" ixrlaIK l%shdj,sh m%j¾Okh lsßug;a lghq;= lsßu ;srir jevms<sfj,hs'ta i|yd fidndfl; i.rdj uÕska ,ndfok mdßißl oekqïj;aNdjh o ld,Sk wjYH;djla bgqlsßulS'
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tfia jqj;a foaYSh jYfhka wms rgjeishka f,iska mßir ixrlaIKh fjkqfjka wfma j.ùfï m%udKhms<sn|j i,lk úg§ we;s jkqfha mYap;a;dmS ye`.Suls' iuia; w¾:fhka i,lkúg§ w;s nyq;rhla fokdf.atal mqoa., ldnka mshigyk j¾Okh ùu m%n, wNsfhda.hlaj we;' fõ.j;a ixj¾Ok wjYH;d iu.skaisÿfjñka mj;sk úúO ld¾hhka u.ska ldnka úfudapkh jdhqf.da,hg tl;= ùu Bg fya;=jhs' foaY.=Kslúm¾hdi kñka kj f;audjla f.da,Sh iudchg wj;S¾K jQfha o fuu m%jK;dj ksidh' ;uka wjg mßirfhajdhqf.da,Sh ;;a;ajh ksrka;rfhka ksÍlaIKh lsÍu b;d jeo.k;a jkqfha fujka miqìulh'
;ks ;ks mqoa.,hka jYfhka i,lk úg oS o ffoksl p¾hd;aul ýú;h mßir ys;ldó udj;g wj;S¾Klr.ekSu flfrys fjfiia wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h' Y% Smdo jkaokd iuh wjika jQ miq tu m%foaYhkaystl;=jk ma,diaála" fmd,s;Ska m%udKh fld;rï o" wl%uj;a wdldrfhka neyer lr we;s wfkl=;a wmøjHm%udKh fld;rï o" wkqrdOmqr fmdfidka W;aij iuh" l;r.u fmryer W;aij iuh wjika jQ miq fudk;rïwmøjH m%udKhla ta ta m%foaYj, úiSÍ" b;d wj,iaik jgdmsgdjla f.dvk.d we;' ;j;a lKavdhula ie§meye§ Y%uodk u.ska tu m%foaY mú;% lsÍfï l%shdkaú;hkays ksr;ùu wo jk úg wksjd¾h iudc ú,dis;djl;rug ne?reï ù we;' msßila mßirh wmú;% lrkak;a" ;j;a msßila tajd mú;% lrkak;a lghq;= lrkafkawehs @ fuh wms jyd k;r l< hq;af;ah'
mßir ixrlaIKfha kdufhka wm yuqfõ ;sfnk uyd wdo¾Yh miq.sh ld,jljdkqfõ jd¾;djQfha wi,ajeis bkaÈhdfjks' f,dal foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi kï jQ wksjd¾h mdßißl m%jK;dj úiska bkaÈhdfõwe;eï m%foaYj, WIaK;ajh by< hñka oeä mSvdldÍ mßirhla f.dvkef.ñka mej;sk' bkaÈhdfõ iqm%lg.x.djla jk n%yaumq;% .x.dfõ msysá ucq,s kïjQ ¥m;g o fuu foaY.=‚l úm¾hdih ;Èkau n,md we;s w;rlsisu Ydlhla jefjkafka ke;sj th ldka;druh iajNdjhlg m;aj we;' fï ms<sn|j jvd;a ixfõ§ jQ wjqreÿ16l ;reKfhla ucq,s ¥mf;a me< frdamKh lrkakg mgka f.k we;' wlalr 5000l m%udKhl frdamKh lrk,o me< b;d irejg jeã oYl 4lg muK miq w,s fldá .yk uyd jkdka;rhla njg m;aj we;' fï uydúl%uh l< uyd ñksid wo bkaÈhdfõ y÷kajkqfha —le,E ñksid˜ kñks' Tyqf.a ienE ku —cdfoõ fud,dhsmdfhka.a˜ hkakh' tjlg bka§h ckdêm;sjrdhd jQ wdpd¾h wíÿ,a l,dï ue;s;=uka úiska bkaÈhdkq mqrje-isfhl=g msfok by<u iïudkh jk moau Y% S iïudkh Tyqfj; m%odkh lr we;' ta mßir ixrlaIKfhakdufhks'
hula lrkjdkï wmsg" ta i|yd ´kElu;a ;sfnkjd kï mßir ixrlaIKfha kdufhka úYd, ld¾hNdrhla ;ks ;ks jYfhka ldyg;a ;sfnk neõ by; WodyrK fol u.ska meye,sÈ fõ' wlalr 5000la jkj.d lsÍu i|yd cdfoõ jHdmD;s lrkakg .sfha ke;' m%pdrhla lrkakg .sfha ke;' wdh;k miafia ria;shdÿjQfha ke;' tfy;a w;s id¾:lj jefâ ksu l< cdfoõ uy;dg wo f,dal iudcfhka ,efnk m%pdrh je<elaúhyelafla ldg o @ j.ùu hk jpkhg ienE wre;la tla l< wfma hq.fha uyd ñksid Tnhs'
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hq.fha wjYH;djla njg
fidndfl;
mßir ys;ldó ksIamdok mßfNdackhg yqrefjuq
fmd;la lshùu jkdyS flfkl= úfkdaoh;a" W.ekau;a fidhd ;ud fkd.sh úrE rglg jeoSu jekak'
- fy<fha uyd .;alre ud¾áka úl%uisxy Y+Íka -
11fidndfl;
m;aj we;' ta i|yd oekg ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh
imhk m%Odk jevigyk jkafka kS, yß;
hq.hla i|yd jk Y%S ,xld fklaiaÜ jevi-
gykhs'
mDÓúfha fyg ojfia meje;au ms<sn|j
iy;sl ùug kï wms ish¿ fokdu ;ukag
yels mu‚ka Bg odhl;ajh oelaúh hq;=h'
mDÓúfha fyg oji ms<sn|j iqnjd§j is;kakg
yelsjkqfha tu odhl;ajh Wfoid wms
fldf;la ÿrg odhl jkafka o hk j.ùu
u;h'
iqks,a Wvql,
oekqfuka oskqug ''''''
12 fidndfl;
Y%S ,xldfõ Lksc yd mdIdK y÷kd.ekSuiïnkaOfhka lrk ,o Ydia;%Sh m¾fhaIKhlaweiqfrka .%ka:hla iïmdokh lsßu w.h l< hq;=m%h;akhls' fu rfÜ uyd fmdf<dj u;f.dvkexfjñka mj;sk kQ;k ixj¾Ok udÈ,sfhaúúOdldr jQ yev;,hka i|yd moku jkqfha" N+óiïm;hs' tu N+ñh ks¾udKh ù we;s fN!;slmokuhs' tu wOHhkh ksis mßÈ lsßug kï" fïuyd fmdf<dfõ ;sfnk Lksc yd mdIdK ms<sn|j"b;d mq¿,ajQ;a" úoHd;aul jQ;a" oekqïj;a Ndjhlabxðfkare ld¾hfha ksr; jD;a;Shfõ§kag fukaujHdmD;s ie,iqï lrk yd ta i|yd uQ,H wdfh-dackhla lrk ish¿u fokd oek.ekSu w;HjYHh'
rg ;=< isÿlrk fõ.j;a ixj¾Okld¾hdj,sfha§ l,a.;ùu;a iuÕ we;eïjHdmD;Ska wid¾:lùu fyda wkfmalaIs;w¾nqohkag uqyqKÈug isÿjkqfha" wod< jHdmD;sl%shd;aul lrk N+ o¾Ykhkays ienE iajrEmhkaksis mßÈ .%yKh lr fkd.ekSu ksidh' tjeksÿ¾j,;d u.yrjñka ;srir ixj¾Ok wruqKq
ch.%yKh lsßug kï mdIdK wOHhkh hkq b;dM,odhS l%shdoduhla jkq we;'
fuu wOHhkhka ms<sn|j b;d .eUqßkaújrKh lrk Y%S ,xldfõ Lksc yd mdIdKw;afmd; iy wdo¾Yl uxcqidj w;sYhska jeo.;afõ' fuu fmd; mßYS,kfha§ tys ú.%y flfrkmdIdKuh f;dr;=re ms<sn|j m%dfhda.slj y÷kd.ekSu i|yd ,xldfõ úúO m%foaYj,ska tl;= lr.kakd ,o mdIdKuh len,s wdo¾Yl uxcqidfõ;ekam;a lr we;' fuh b;d ÿIalr yd fjfyilrld¾hhla jqj;a" le,‚h úYajúoHd,fha N+f.da,úoHd wOHhk wxYfha wdpd¾h ta' Ô' wurisxyuy;d ord we;s m%h;akh w.h l< yelaflah'mßirh ixrlaIKh lrñka ixj¾Ok b,lalch.%yKh lsÍug kï mdIdK wOHhkh lsÍuw;HjYH jqjls' fuu .%ka:h iuÕska wod< mdIdKfldgia iys; wdo¾Yl uxcqidj ,nd.ekSu i|ydÿrl;k wxl 0702558912 u.ska wdpd¾h ta' Ô'wurisxy uy;d weu;Sfuka wjYH f;dr;=re úuishyel'
mdIdK wOHhkfha jeo.;alu '''''fm
d;la .ek
hula
ku - Y%S ,xldfõ Lksc yd mdIdK
l¾;D - ta' Ô' wurisxy
úúO jQ mdIdKwdo¾Yk
jdß ;dlaIKfha úialï mEYS% ,dxflah jeõ mßir moaO;s wOHhkfha jeo.;alu
13
jej jkdyS iajdNdúlÈh myrla Thla fyda l=vd.x.djla N+ úIu;djfha jdism%fhdackhg .ksñka úêu;af,i mia neïulska yria fldgtl;= lr .kakd Èh oyr fõ'fuh yqfolau mßir úoHd-kql+,j o c,c iy ffcjúoHd;aul ldrkd o ie,ls,a,gfhduq lrñka udkjwjYH;dj, flakaøhla f,ibÈ l< ;dCIKsl ksuejquls'
´kEu rglg fyda ix-ialD;shlg wod< ck iudchlaúiska ft;sydislj ìyslr.;awdfúKsl ,CIKhka tu ck
iudcfha fyda rfÜ—Wreuhka˜ fõ' fuu Wreuhkams<sìUq jk wdldr folls'tlla yeisÍï rgdjh' wfklndysr f,dalhg fmkakqï lrkoE tkï ixialD;sl oDIHks¾udKhkah' tjeks foa Y%S,xldjg wod< j úYaf,aIKh
lsÍfï § fndfyduhla úoaj;=kay÷kd f.k we;s mßÈ uq,skauksÍCIKh jkafka l%s'mQ' 6 jkishjfia isg úldYkh jk—úYauh ckl jdß moaO;shhs'—˜jeõ ne¢ rdcH— f,ig;a" jdß;dCIKfhka mßmqka fm!vrdcHhla f,ig;a ft;sydislj,laÈj f,dj iqm;, jkafkafï lreKq ksidfjks' fuujeõ ish,a,u —l=vd jeõ˜ ^jdßfmdaIl m%foaYh fylaghd¾0-80&" uOHu mßudK jeõ ^jdßfmdaIl m%foaYh fylaghd¾ 80-400& iy uyd mßudK jeõ ^jdßfmdaIl m%foaYh fylaghd¾ 400jeä& f,i ;dCIKslj j¾.
flf¾' Bg wu;rjúúO ks¾Kdhlj,g wkqj jdßjeõ yd l=vd jeõ"mqrdK jeõ iyw¨;a jeõ" .ï jeõiy T,.ï jeõ"uy jeõ iy jeõfldgq f,i o j¾.fldg y÷kd.efka'
Y%S ,xldj mqrdfuu jeõ 16000muK mj;skw;r" tajdhska 98]lau ,laÈjN+ñfhka 2$3ksfhdackh lrñkaúh<s l,dmh mqrd
jHdma;j mj;S' tfukau fuujeõ j,ska 95] la u jeõ moaO;sf,i ixúOdkh lr ;sfí^uoaÿu nKavdr 1985&' fïjdjeõ mx;s$jeõ mqxch^O¾ufiak" 1994& f,i o"t,a,x.djla ^f;kakfldaka"1995& f,i o" jeõ u`vq¨
^fmf¾rd" 2010& f,i oisxyf,ka w¾: .kajd we;'
,laÈj jdß ks¾udKhms<sn| wdrïNh l%s'mQ' 6 jkishji olajd Èj .sh o fïms<sn| úêu;a .fõYkhka 1855§ o" úêu;a wOHhkhka 1926isg o" wdrïN ù ;sfí' ta wkqj^fí,s 1855&" ^fgkkaÜ 1885&"^mdl¾ 1907&" ^fn%dayssh¾ 1934&"w;sYhska jeo.;a .fõYk iyksÍCIKhka jd¾;d fldg we;'l=vd jeõ m%;sixialrKj,gwod< j 1926 § tjlg jdßud¾.wOHCI ckrd,a jQ flkäsúiska wOHhkh l< w;r 1933§ —,laÈj ta ta jeõj,gwdfõKsl .;s ,CIKhlawjfndaO lr.; hq;= njg˜foaYSh jdß bxðfkarejrekagWmfoaYhla ksl=;a fldg ;sfí'
fmardfoKsh úYa-júoHd,fha N+f.da, úoHdwxYfha m%:u wxYdêm;sksh jQt,ais l=la ue;sKsh 1935 §,xldfõ jeõ jHdma;s rgdjms<sn| m%:u is;shu ks¾udKhl<dh' ^wdreuQ.ï 1957& —.%dóhjdß ud¾.j, ixj¾Okh˜kñka .%ka:hla t<soelajQ w;r
tfy;a wjdikdjlg" ,laÈj 2$3 mqrdjHdma; ù we;s furg jeõ moaO;sfhajeo.;alu y÷kd fkd.ekSu ksid;a"
ngysr oekqu ysi ;=< mqrjd foaYSSh {dkhfl<msvla fia neyer lrk" lsis Èfkljejlg nei ke;s" jdß ;dCIKh yodrdke;s" jeõ neïul kj;d.;a jdhqiukh
l< jdykfha isgu jejg tî n,diakdkh lrk msßi ksid;a" rfÜ idfmaCIjeo.;alu bj; oud fm!oa.,sl kHdh
m;% Tiafia ish¿ lghq;= fufyhjk msßiksid;a" fï ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍ-fuka neyer ù we;' ke;fyd;a wjOdkh
§u j<lajd we;'
wdpd¾h uqÈ; m%ikakð;a fmf¾rdfcHIaaG lÓldpd¾h
N+f.da, úoHd wOHhk wxYh"
fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h'
YS % ,dxf
lah
Âj Wreu
h
jejl iy .ïudkhl udkj úoHd iïnkaO;dj^,SÉ 1961& wOHhkh fldg we;'
1969 § wdreuQ.ï úiska Y%S ,xldfõ jeõmokï jQ c, iïm;a ms<sn|j ú.%y l< w;rtjlg ñkskafodare fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wOHlaIckrd,a jrhd jQ r;ak;=x. úiska 1971 § Y%S,xldfõ jeõ ms<sn| we,anuhla ilik ,È'^wfíisxy 1982& iy ^fidauisß 1979& l=vd jdßud¾. iy lDIsl¾uh w;r iïnkaO;djwOHhkh fldg we;' miq ld,Skj ^uoaÿunKavdr 1973"1985"2010&" ̂ O¾ufiak 1989"1994"1999&"^isßùr 1995&" ̂ f;kakfldaka 1995"2005&" ̂ .=Kfiak2000&" ^mdkfndlaflaa 2002&" ^pkaøð;a 2008&"^fmf¾rd ^fuu ,smsfha l;=jrhd& 2000"2010"2016&"^ú;dkdÉÑ 2009&" ̂ nKavdkdhl 2009&" ̂ wjqioydó
2010&" ^mrKú;dk 2010&" ^há.ïuk 2010&"^kshka;s iy chl=udr 2010&" ^chfiak 2012&"^udrfò iy mqIaml=udr 2012& we;=¿ ishhlg wêlm¾fhaIlhska úiska jeõ iïnkaê; c,l<ukdlrKh" c, ;=<kh" jeõ moaO;s ia-jrEmh" lDIsld¾ñl Ndú;h" .eg¿ fukaukQ;k m%jK;d ms<sn| wOHhkh fldg ;sfí'
tfukau úfoaYSh m¾fhaIlhska jk^bgl=rd 1995&" ^Yla;s jäfõ,a 1996&" ^u;aiqfkda2003& we;=¿ m¾fhaIlhska mkyla muK jeõmoaO;sj, iajrEmh" c, l<ukdlrKh" c,;=<kh" lDIsld¾ñl Ndú;h ms<sn| wOHhkj,kshe<S we;'
l=vd jeõ ms<sn| m%:u cd;sl iïfï,khjir 2000 § (Small Tank and Food Security)meje;a jQ w;r 2010 § fojk m¾fhaIK jevuq¿j(Cascade Irrigation Systems) kñka meje;aúKs'
fuu ixo¾Nh yuqfõ jeõ$ jeõ u`vq¿ms<sn| wOHhkh iy m¾fhaIKj, kshe<Sfï
jeo.;alï lsysmhla y÷kd.; yelsh'
1' úh<s l,dmh mqrd úisÍ we;s jeõ iuQyfhka´kEu jejla fyda jeõ moaO;shla $ jeõ mx;shla$jeõ u`vq,a,la$t,a,x.djla b;du;a ixlS¾Kmdßißl iïm;a f.dkqjla jk w;r úúO oDI-aÀfldaK j,ska n,d úúO m¾fhaIlhkag"m¾fhaIK yd wOHhkj, kshe<sh yels ;gdlhla(Research Pool) f,i y÷kd.; yelsh'
tfukau jej fyda jeõ u`vq,a, yqfolauc, úoHd tallhla fkdj c, mßir úoHdtallhla f,i w¾: .ekaúh yel'
2' tfukau jejla hkq úh<s l,dmSh mßirhl;sfnk f;;aìï mßir moaO;shla ksidu ffcjúúO;aj iy mßir úoHd;aulj b;d jeo.;a m%mx-
phla fõ'
3' jej muKla fkdj ta ksidu hdj;ald,Sk jk N+.; c,h ksidmj;ajdf.k hk lDIs <ssx mokï jQlDIsld¾udka;h o" ñßÈh u;aiHl¾udka;h o" jej iy ne÷Kq .%dóhisß;a úß;a iodpdr fukauixialD;sldx. wkqj o .%dóh ckÔú;h yd w;Hka;fhkau ne÷Kqixrplhls'
4' l%s'mQ' 6 jk ishjfia isg j¾;ud-kfha kQ;k jdß l%ufõo olajd mq¿,aúldYkhl oDIH ks¾udKhka fïjeõ-jdß moaO;sh w;r fõ'
• f,dj m%:u jdß YsIaGdpdrh ^l%s'mQ' 3 ishji -l%s'j' 13 ishji&
• f,dj m%:u wuqK- we<yer wuqK ̂l%s'j'1 ishji&
• ish¿ ;dCIKsl wx. iys; f,dj m%:u uyd jeõ^l%s'j' 3 ishji&
• f,dj m%:u wka;¾ fødaKs c, yerjqï jdß we<^ch .Õ l%s'j' 5 ishji&" f;lalï wuqK iy jdßwe< ^l%s'j' 5 ishji& iy ñkafkaßh-lka;f,afhdaO we< tfukau fuu ks¾udKhka mqfrda.dójbÈlrñka kQ;k jdß bxðfkarejrekag wdo¾Yimhd § we;'
5' ,xldfõ ù ksIamdokfhka 70] muK o ñßiawe;=¿ w;sf¾l fnda. ksIamdokfhka 50] muK ofuu jdß m%foaYj,ska ,efí'
6' jeõ moaO;s$ jeõ u`vq¿ l%%ufõoh .xj;=r iykshÕ folu md,kh l< yels j;auka foaY.=Kslúm¾hdihg ms<s;=re Èh yels tallhla o fõ'
14 fidndfl;
7' ;sridr ixj¾Okfha fndfyda b,lal m%udKhlaidCId;a lr.; yels mßir úoHd tallhls'WodyrK f,i furg 1980 oYlfha bÈjQ we;eïc,dY 40-50] lska frdkauäka msÍhk úg l%s'j' 3jk ishjfia bÈl< uyd jeõ 10] lskaj;a frd-kauäka msÍ ke;s nj úoHdudk lrkafka w;eï;sridr Wml%uj, h:drEmS Ndjhhs'
8' j¾;udkh jk úg uyje,s ixj¾Ok iymßir wud;HdxYh u.ska jeõ 2000 muK kej;ixj¾Okhg ie,iqï ilik w;r" fudr.ylkao-l¿ .Õ c,dY wdY%s;j kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu i|ydfjku w¨;ska l=vd jeõ iuqodhla bÈlrñkamj;S' tfukau jdß ud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=j o"f.dúckfiajd fomd¾;fïka;=j o" uyd jeõfukau l=vd jeõj,g wod< jHdmD;s .Kkdjlal%shd;aul lrñka isSà'
9' úh<s l,dmfha ish¿u m%dfoaYShf,alï $m%d' iNd ld¾hd,j,ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍka iy mßirks,OdÍka Wfoid;a" fkajdisljHdmD;s l<ukdlrKld¾hd,j,;a" jk ixrCIKfomd¾;fïka;=j" jkÔù ixrCIKfomd¾;fïka;=j" we;=¿ rdcHwdh;kj, o" rdcH fkdjk mßirixúOdkj, o" ks,OdÍka Wfoid;ajeõ iy jeõ u`vq¿ wdY%s; oekquw;Hka;fhkau jeo.;ah'
fï ish¿u ldrkd wkqjjeõ iy jeõ u`vq¿ ms<sn| wOHhkY%S ,dxlslhskag fnfyúkau jeo.;ajk w;r wod< fndfyda úYajúoHd,j,;a" mdßißl mqyqKq rdcH jevi-gykaj,;a wjOdkh fhduqùuksiÕ jeo.;alula orhs' fï w;ßka
o ld,-wjldYSh-mdßißlwOHhkfha ysñlrejka f,iN+f.da, úoHd wxYj,;a" lD-Isld¾ñl" mßir úoHd" jdßbxðfkare" c, l<ukdlrKwOHhk wxYj,;a w;Hhka;wjOdkh fhduqúh hq;=h'
furg /lshd me;slfâoekqu W!K mQ¾Kh lrkafkakï" cd;sluh m%Yakj,gúi÷ï iemhSug úYajúoHd,ShwOHhk taldnoaO úh hq;=fukau" tfia ùug kï" fïms<sn| wjOdkh w;suy;ajeo.;alula orhs'
tfy;a wjdikdjlg" ,laÈj 2$3 mqrdjHdma; ù we;s furg jeõ moaO;sfha jeo.;aluy÷kd fkd.ekSu ksid;a" ngysr oekqu ysi ;=<mqrjd foaYSSh {dkh fl< msvla fia neyer lrk"lsis Èfkl jejlg nei ke;s" jdß ;dCIKhyodrd ke;s" jeõ neïul kj;d.;a jdhqiukhl< jdykfha isgu jejg tî n,d iakdkh lrkmsßi ksid;a" rfÜ idfmaCI jeo.;alu bj; oudfm!oa.,sl kHdh m;% Tiafia ish¿ lghq;= fu-fyhjk msßi ksid;a" fï ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduqlsÍfuka neyer ù we;' ke;fyd;a wjOdkh §uj<lajd we;'
tfia fj;;a" foaY ysff;YSka fï ms<sn|j.eUqßka is;d n,k Èkh jeä wE;l fkdjkqwe;'
15fidndfl;
jeõ $ jeõ moaO;s
N+;, c,h
jeõ rlaIs;
ffcjúúO;ajh
jdß ud¾.
mi iywjidê;
fM;sydisl
wd¾Ól
ksIamdok;dlaIKsl
ckdjdi
ck.yk
iïm;al<ukdlrKh
iajNdúliïm;a
lDIsld¾ñl
N+ .; c,h
16 fidndfl;
ma,diaála Wjÿf¾ yrh uu u;l ;nd .kafka rnka mohlska"
,kaÉ ISÜ" fIdmska nE.a" f.%diß u,a,"
fmd,shiaghßka fmÜá .kS mßir ì,a,'
mßirh ì,s .kakjd lshkafka wjidkfha§ wmju ì,s .ekSuhs' ta ksid fï Wjÿfrka mßirh/l.ekSu lshkafka wmju /l.ekSuhs' wfma rfÜ ;sfnk flfy,a fld<" fk¿ï fld<" mka fld<";,a fld<" fõje,a wd§ foa mokï lrf.k fï Wjÿr wmg ch .kak mq¿jka' tfia lsÍug kï rchwfma w.kd foaYsh ksIamdoljrekag Èh yels yeu Èßhlau Èh hq;=hs' Tjqkaf.a ksuejqï wms b;dwdorfhka ms<s.kakd njg uf.a ysf;a kï lsisu ielhla kE'
jiúi j,ska f;drj fi!LHhg ys;lr iqrlaIs; mßirhla furg we;s lsÍu Wfoidckdêm;s;=ud f.k hk jevms<sfj,g fujeks fi!LHhg wys;lr øjH Ndú;fhka bj;aùunqoaêf.dapr wdrïNhla nj uf.a úYajdihhs' ˜
- uydpd¾h ldf,da f*dkafiald -
mßir Wjÿrla ms<sn|j - fï Tyqf.a y`vhs '''
18 - 19 ishjiaj, we;sjQ ld¾ñl úma,jfhka miqjf,dalfha úúO rgj,a úúOixj¾Ok Wmdh ud¾.wkq.ukh lsÍug mgka .;ay'fuysos we;eï rgj,a YS>%ixj¾Okhla we;s lsÍu flfryswjOdkh fhduq lr l%shdlsÍuwdrïN jQ w;r tys w;=rem%;sM,hla f,i úúO mdßißlwNsfhda.j,g uqyqK mEugTjqkag isÿ jQ w;r tuÕskack;djg we;s jk mSvdj wjulrkq jia tu YS>% ixj¾OkWmdh ud¾. OrKsh ixj¾Okhf,i fjkia lsÍug iuia;f,dalhgu isÿ úh'
Y%S ,xldj by; i|ykaOrKSh ixj¾Ok ixl,amfhamsysgd lghq;= lsÍu wdrïN lrwe;;a ta ;=<ska u;= jkmdßißl .eg¿ ish,a, i|ydidOkSh úi÷ï fidhd .ekSugfkdyels ùu ksid th wd¾Ólixj¾Okh flfrys we;s lrkn,mEu ms<sn| idlÉcd lsÍufuu ,smsfha wruqKhs'
Y%S ,xldj ld¾ñl ksIamdok l%shdj,sh ;=< úYd,m%.ukhla ,nd fkdue;s njfkdryils' kuq;a fiajdjka ;=<hï jeä oshqKqjla ,nd we;m%jdykh" ikaksfõokh"wOHdmk yd fi!LH hklafIa;%j, hï oshqKqjla ,ndwe;' tjeks fmdÿ myiqlïj,jeä oshqKqjla iuÕu k.rj,g ck;dj meñKsu jeä ùwe;' tu jeä oshqKqj;a iuÕuu;=jk m%Odk .eg¿ kïkd.ßl >k wmøjH kshñ;f,i l<ukdlrKh fkdùuhs'kd.ßl >k wmøjH ie,lSfïososrdm;a jk øjH iy Bg
wu;rj fmd,s;ska$ma,diaála"lvodis" ùÿre" hlv"bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH"ridhksl wmøjH" WmøjldÍwmøjH we;=¿ fjk;a bj;,køjH f,i j¾.SlrKh l<yelsh'
kuq;a ;ju;a wm rglaf,i >k wmøjH l<ukdlrK
l%shdud¾. flfrys wjOdkhfhduq lr we;;a" oskm;d tla/ia jk >k wmøjHiïnkaOfhka fidhd ne,SfïoSksis f,i j¾.SlrKh isÿfkdùu ;=< wjidk jYfhkatajdfhka fldgila újD; f,ineyer jk nj y÷kd .;yelsh'
fujeks újD; neyer,Sï fya;=fjka mig yd c,hgtl;= jk úI iys; øjH ksidish¨u cSj l%shdldrlï flfrystuÕska n,mEula we;s l<yelsh' kuq;a fïjd ksis f,ij¾.SlrKhla hgf;a tla /ialsÍu isÿ jkafka kï mdßißljYfhka we;s jk n,mEïyels;dla ÿrlg wvq lr .;yelsh' fï jk úg wmrg ;=<bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH jeäjYfhka neyrùu;aksÍlaIKh l< yelsh' tuksid tajd mßirhg fhduqùfuka ish¿u csj l%shdjkaflfrys oeä n,mEï we;s l<yelsh' tfukau úi ridhkslmßirhg tlaùuo isÿfõ'
úfYaIfhka fuu >kwmøjH l<ukdlrKfhaoSfmd,s;ska$ma,diaála ms<sn|jeä ie,ls,a,la oelaúh
hq;=h' ukao kd.ßl wmøjHj,fmd,s;Ska yd ma,diaála ie,lshhq;= m%udKhla wvx.=jkneúks' fuysos fuu wmøjHl<ukdlrKh myiq lrùui|yd mßir wud;Hjrhd f,iw;s.re ckdêm;s;=ud úiska2018-09-01 osk isg ls%hd;auljk f,i úfYaI .eiÜ ksfõok06 la ksl=;a lr we;' fuys os
17fidndfl;
lDIs wd¾Ólh iy
mßir idOlfha iqixfhda.h
úfYaIfhka osrdm;a fkdjk,kaÉ IsÜ Ndú;h ;ykïlsÍug lghq;= lsÍu uÕska >kwmøjH l<ukdlrKfha oSm<d;a md,k wdh;kj,gie<lsh hq;= myiqlï ie,iSwe;'
ixj¾Okfha m%;sM,hlaf,i ud¾. moaO;s jeäoshqKqj^wêfõ.S ud¾. boslsÍu" mj;skud¾. mq¿,a ùu& ksid wêlf,i r:jdyk ud¾. moaO;shgtl;= ù we;' úfoia rgj,Ndú;d lrk ,o jdyk furggf.kaùu o nyq,j isÿfõ'tfukau w;s kùk myiqlïiys; jdyk o wmf.a ud¾.moaO;sh ;=< Odjkh ùu iq,noiqkls'
úfYaIfhkau fuysosie,lsh hq;= jkafka Ndú;dlrk ,o jdyk furggf.kaùfuka" Odjkfha fhoùuuÕska jdhq f.da,hg tl;=úhyels CO2" CO" N2O jeks jdhqkauÕska mßirhg we;s lrkq,nk n,mEuhs' fï jk úg Y%S,xldj ;=< jdyk ,laI 60 lamuK mj;sk nj;a thska ,laI11 la muK ;%S frdao r: jknj;a jd¾:d ù we;'
fumuK jdyk m%ud-Khla rg ;=< Ndú;d lroaoS fïi|yd jk fiajd iemhqï ia:dk
o ^jdyk .rdÊ" fiajd ia:dk&úYd, f,i jeä ù we;' fuysosie,lsh hq;= lreK jkafkajdyk fiajdia:dkj, fiajdl%shdj,sfhka bj;ajk c,h hïm%;sl¾u l%ufõo-hla Tiafia uOHumßir wêldßfham%ñ;s ydW m u d k j , gwkql+, jk f,im%;sl¾uh lrk,o kuq;a tuwmc,fhys úIridhksl øjHwvx.= úh yelsh'tfiau fiajdl%shdj,sfhka bj;alrk f;,a uvj,nerf,day wdoshwvx.= úh yelsh'fïjdfha nerf,day wvx.=jkafka o hkakridhkd.dr ;=<isÿ lrkq ,nkúYaf,aIK ;=<skay÷kd .; yelsh'tfia jqj;a tajdbj;a lsÍu i|ydwkq.ukh lrkm%;sl¾u l%ufõofï olajd y÷kd
f.k fkdue;s ;rïh'
fuysos ie,lsh hq;= wmrgg wdfõKsl jeo.;au .eg¿jjkafka l=vd mßudKjHjidhlfhla f,i fiajdimhk jdyk fiajd ia:dkmj;ajdf.k hk mqoa.,hskagrch uÕska mkjk ish¨ nÿn,m;% .dia;= f.ùu i|ydjirlg úYd, uqo,la jehlsÍug isÿ ùuhs' tjeks;;a;ajhla ;=< mdßißll<ukdlrKh i|yd o tkïwmc, úYaf,aIK jd¾;d"nerf,day i|yd lrk mÍlaIKi|yd ;j;a wu;r úYd, uqo,lajeh lsÍug isÿfõ'
18 fidndfl;
— fï j.djka i|yd fhdod .kakd mi"
wmú;% jk úg mi u; jefjk
ish¿ fnda.j,g úi øjH tl;= ùu isÿ fõ'
ta wkqj wm rg ;=< isÿ lrk
lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdok
úfoaYSh fj<|fmd,g bosrsm;a lsÍfïos
úYd, .eg¿ rdYshlg uqyqK mEug isÿ fõ'
ta wkqj wmkhkh lrk øjHj, ñ,
YS>% f,i my; jeàu;a tuÕska ,efnk
wmkhk wdodhu my< jeáu iy
j.dlrejka wd¾Ól jYfhka oeä
wiSre ;;a;ajhlg m;a jk nj;a
tosfkod udOH uÕska
lreKq wkdjrKh lrkq ,nhs'
WodyrK f,i fmd,a f;,a ksIamdokh
ie,lsh yelsh' ldnksl fmdfydr fhdod
ilikq ,nk fmd,a j,ska ksmojkq ,nk
Virgin Coconut Oil i|yd
jeä ñ,la fukau
jeä b,a¨ula o mj;S ˜ '
fuysos uOHu mßirwêldßh úiska 2000 wxl 53 iy1988 wxl 56 ork mk;a j,skaixfYdaê; 1980 wxl 47 orkcd;sl mdßißl wdrlaIK mk;hgf;a yÿkajd oS we;s mdßißl
wdrlaIK n,m;% l%shdj,sh ;=<ksl=;a lrkq ,nk n,m;%fhai|yka mßirhg wmøjH neyerlsÍug wod< jkakd jQ fld-kafoais tkï wmc, úYaf,aIKjd¾;dj ,nd .ekSu" nerf,dayi|yd mÍlaIdjla isÿ lsÍu jekslghq;= l¾udka;lrejka uÕskaisÿ lrjd .ekSu b;du wmyiqlghq;a;ls' fujeks ;;a;ajhla;=< l¾udka;lrejka wmc,hksis m%ñ;shlska f;drj mßirhguqod yeÍug lghq;= lrkwjia:d mj;S' tjeks wjia:dj,oSl¾udka; Yd,d j,ska bj;a jk>k wmøjH' wmc,h iy jdhqkamßirhg tl;= ùu isÿ fõ'tjeks lrekq ish,a,leáfldg.;a l, osfkka oskwm cSj;a jk mßirh lsishï¥IKhlg ,la ùu wksjd¾fhkaisÿ fõ'
fuf,i wmf.a mßirh¥IKhg ,laùu ksid we;s úhyels .eg¿ ms<sn|j o wm .eUq
rska is;d ne,sh hq;=h' mßir¥IKh ùu iDcq f,iu ñksidwe;=¿ cSúkaf.a meje;auflfrys úYd, n,mEula we;slrkq ,nhs' fuysoS úfYaIfhkauñksidf.a fi!LH ;;a;ajh
msßySu" f,vfrda. je<|Su" ñhhdu wdosh isÿ úhyelsh'
udkj fi!LHmsßySu rglwd¾Ól j¾Okhwvq ùug fya;=jlafõ' tfukauN+ñh" c,h" jd;h¥IKh ùuñys;,h u;jefjk ish¨ Ydlflfrys o iDcq
n,mEula we;s lsÍug iu;ajwe;'
Y%S ,xldfõ N+ñ m%udKhie<l= úg jeä N+ñ m%foaYhlalDIsld¾ñl lghq;= i|yd fhdod.kS' tkï f;a" fmd,a" rn¾"l=reÿ" .ïñßia" idoslald fukaut<j¿ iy m<;=re we;=¿lDIsld¾ñl fnda. fukau ùf.dú;ek i|yd o jeä ìïm%udKhla fhdod .kS'
fï j.djka i|yd fhdod.kakd mi wmú;% jk úg tumi u; jefjk ish¿ fnda.j,gúi øjH tl;= ùu isÿ fõ' tawkqj wmrg ;=< isÿ lrk lD-Isld¾ñl ksIamdok úfoaYShfj<|fmd,g bosrsm;a lsÍfïosúYd, .eg¿ rdYshlg uqyqKmEug isÿ fõ' ta wkqjwmkhkh lrk øjHj, ñ,YS>% f,i my; jeàu;a tuÕska,efnk wmkhk wdodhu my<jeáu iy j.dlrejka wd¾ÓljYfhka oeä wiSre ;;a;ajhlg
m;a jk nj;a jd¾;d fõ'WodyrK f,i fmd,a f;,a ksI-amdokh ie,lsh yelsh' ldnkslfmdfydr fhdod ilikq ,nkfmd,a j,ska ksmojkq ,nk Vir-gin Coconut Oil i|yd jeä ñ,lafukau jeä b,a¨ula o mj;s'
tfukau Y%S ,xldfõ ksmojk.ïñßiaj, jeä hlvm%;sY;hla wvx.= jk nj;a tufya;=j ksidu Y%S ,xldfõ.ïñßiaj,g f,dalfj<|fmdf,a ;r.hla ,nd oSugyelshdjla fkdue;s nj;ai|yka fõ'
;j o ldnksl t<j¿yd m<;=re i|yd o f,dalfj<|fmdf,a jeä b,a¨ulamj;S' fï jk úg wmkhkhi|yd ldnksl t<j¿ iym<;=re j.dj isÿ lsÍu m%p,s; ùwe;'
mig fukau c,hg iyjdhq f.da,hg wmøjH tl;= ùtajd ¥IKhg ,la fkdù mj;skúg jeú,s lafIa;%h yryd Y%S,xldjg ,nd .; yels úfoaYúksuh m%udKh b;d úYd,h'tneúka kùk ;dlaIKhWmfhda.S lr .ksñka mßirhgt,a,jk wNsfhda. ch .ekSugyelshdj mj;skafka kï jeú,slafIa;% yryd furg wd¾Ólhgúmq, m%fhdack ,nd .ekSugyelshdj ,efnkq we;'
19fidndfl;
wmoshr c,hg tl;=ùu
ã' tï' tia' fla' oikdhlfcHIaG mßir ks,Odß"
uOHu mßir wêldßh"
jhU m<d;a ld¾hd,h'
úYsIag mrdchka ;=< w;s úYsIag ch.%yKhka ie`.ù ;sfí'
mßirh iqrlsñka ;srir ixj¾Ok wf-malaIdj idOkh lr.ekSu Wfoid fmdÿckyev.eiau we;s lrkq ms‚i mßirh ms<sn|ckdjfndaOh we;s lsßu;a" ys;jd§ wdl,amfukau mßir ixrlaIK l=i,;df.dvkexùu;a wjYHh' fyg Èk j.lsj hq;=iudc mqrjeishka njg m;ajk wo Èk mdi,aorejka ixialD;sl jYfhka mdßißl iudcd-kqfhdack l%shdj,shlg wkq.; l< hq;=jkafka tu wjYH;dj idOkh lr.ekSfïWmdhla yeáhgh' ta wkqj mßir ixrlaIKhWfoid fmdÿck ú{dkh f.dvkexùfïwOHdmksl wdfhdackhla f,i jeäysáwOHdmk m%fõYhkag wu;rj" cd;sl mßirkshuq jevigyk¦ ie,lsh hq;= fhojqula" rdcHmsßjehla orñka Y%S ,xldfõ mdi,a moaO;sh mqrdw¾:dkaú;j l%shd;aul lr we;s w;r" th Y%S,xldfõ úYd,;u iafõÉPd mdi,a mßir ixr-laIK tluq;=j f,i m< orñka mdi,a yd.%dóh uÜgñka mßir ixrlaIK lghq;=j,ksr; fõ'
w;s.re ckdêm;s;=udf.a mQ¾KwdYs¾jdoh yd wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha oiyfhda.fhka l%shd;aul jk fuujevigyfka idudðl;ajh ´kEumdi,a orefjl=g 6 jif¾isg ,nd.;y e l s h '
id¾:lf,i jevi-
gyklg wkq.; jkidudðlfhl=g wfmdi ^Wiia
fm<& úNd.hg fmr l%shdj,sfha ish¿molalï ysñ lr.ksñka úfYaI l=i,;dw;alr.; yelsh' úYajúoHd, m%fõYfha§wjYH jk iïuqL mßlaIK j,§ —ckdêm;smolalï,dNSkag˜ ,l=Kq 04l úfYaI m%odkhla
o ysñ fõ' tfiau isiqkaf.al%shdldÍ lem-úu ;=<skaúúO iudckdhl;ajhka ow;am;a lr.ekSug bvm%ia;d mj;S'
c d ; s lmßir kshuqj e g i g y k ¦mßir kshuq"yß; j¾K" rc; j¾K" iaj¾K j¾K ydckdêm;s molalu wd§ jYfhka molalïl%shdj,shla Tiafia orejka wNsfma%rKh lrñka"iyNd.S;ajh f.dvkxjñka l%shd;aul fõ' je-vigyfka mßmd,kh yd l<ukdl-rKh úêu;a hdka;%KhlaTiafia isÿlrkq ,efí'iEu molalulau
,nd.ekSui|yd isiqkag
kshñ; úIh ld¾hhka ydtajd iïmq¾K l< hq;= ld,
mrdihka ,nd§ we;s w;r" úêu;al%shdj,shla Tiafia ld¾h idOkh we.hSu,lalr mßir kshuq isiqkag mßir mo-lalï m%odkh flf¾' mßir kshuq l%shdj,sfhaúIh ks¾foaYhkag wod< jev mejreï u.skaisiq orejka mßir úIh ms<sn|j kHdhd;aulyd m%dfhda.sl mßph ,nñka mdßißlixfõ§;dj yd ixrlaIK l=i,;djka Tmakxjd .kq ,efí'
molalï l%shdj,sfha l=gm%dma;shjkafka" ckdêm;s molalu w;am;a lr.ekS
20 fidndfl;
;srir ixj¾Okhg .=Kd;aul mßir wOHdmkhla'
cd;sl mßir kshuq
jevigyk
uhs' fuu mshjf¾È isiqka iïmQ¾K l< hq;=m%Odk ld¾hhka 05 la fuysÈ úfYaIfhkai|yka l< hq;=h' tla ld¾hla jkafka"mdßißl m¾fhaIK jd¾;djla bÈßm;a lsßuhs'isiq orejkaf.a uÜgñka mdßißl .eg¿jlgúi÷ula fidhd .ekSu" mßir wjfndaOh we;slsßfï kj udkhka y÷kd.eksu" mßirwOHdmk Wmdx.hla ksuúu" mßir ixr-laIKhg uyck iyNd.S;ajh il%Sh f,if.dvke.su" mdßißl kj ksmehqïfidhd.eksu" wd§ jYfhka mßir oekqu"mßir ys;jd§ wdl,am" mßir ixrlaIKh ydixrlaIK l=i,;d Tma kexùu Èßu;a lrkwdldrfha mdßißl m¾fhaIKhla ms<sn|jflá ksnkaOkhla Ydia;%Sh miqìulska bÈßm;a
l< hq;=h' fhdjqka mßir ixúOdkhlaf.dvkxjd .ksñka fyda l%shdldÍ ixúOdkhlidudðlfhl= f,i lghq;= lrñka mßir ixr-laIK lghq;=j,g l%shdldÍj lghq;= lrm%dfhda.sl w;aoelsï ,nd.eksu o wjYHh'mßir úIhg wod<j lghq;= lrk rdcHwdh;khl fyda lsysmhl tkï" jk ixrlaIKfomd¾;fïka;=j" jkÔù ixrlaIKfomd¾;fïka;=j" iuqø ÿIKh je<elaùfïwêldßh" fjr< ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j'''wd§ wdh;k iuÕ in|;d mj;ajñka úIhms<sn| m%dfhda.sl w;aoelsï ,nd.ekSu o isiqkaúiska isÿl< hq;= w;r" fuu mshjf¾§ mdßißljHdmD;shla iïmdokh lr l%shd;aul lsßu o
wjYHh' ck;dj oekqj;a lsßug" wdl,amyev.eiaùug" mßir l<ukdlrKhg"m%j¾Okhg" mßir l=i,;d j¾Okhg wd§jYfhka mßir ixrlaIK lafIa;%hg wkql=,jk mdßißl jHdmD;shla iïmdokh lrl%shd;aul lrñka w;aoelSï ,nd.ekSu ñkawoyia fõ' Y%S ,xldfõ mßir kshdukhg wod<m%Odk;u ffk;sl fuj,u jk cd;slmdßißl mkf;a m%Odk wx. ms<sn|j;a" f,daluÜgñka mßirh iq/lSug Y%s ,xldj o w;aika;nd we;s cd;Hka;r m%{ma;s" .súiqï ms<sn|j;aisiq orejka úiska ksis wjfndaOhla fjfi-iskau ,nd ;sìh hq;=h'
ckdêm;s molalu ,nd.ekSug lem-fjk isiqka mdßißl m¾fhaIK isÿlsÍfuka"isú,a ck;dj iuÕ .efgñka mßir ixr-laIKhg odhl úfuka" rdcH wdh;k iuÕiïnkaO fjñka m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSï ,eîfuka"iq¿ mßudK mdßißl jHdmD;shla iïmdokhlr l%shd;aul lsßfuka" cd;sl mdßißl mk;ms<sn|j;a" cd;Hka;r mdßißl iïuq;Skams<sn|j;a wdÈ jYfhka úIhdkqnoaO oekqufukau m%dfhda.sl mßphka ,nd.kS' tfiau mo-lalï l%shdj,sfha o jir .Kkdjla wNHdi.;fjñka ,nk oekqu yd m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSïweiqfrka mdßißl ixfõ§;dfjka" mßirys;jd§ wdl,am j,ska" mßir úIh ms<sn|h:djfndaOhlska yd mßir ixrlaIK l=i,;dj,ska fmdfydi;a ish ðjk oyfuka o" mßirys;jd§;ajhg wka wh fhduq lrjd .eksfïyelshdfjka o hq;a" .=K O¾u j,ska msßmqkamßir kdhlhska ìyslsßu jevigyfka m%uqLwfmalaIdj jk w;r" th ld,Sk wjYH;djlafukau ;srir ixj¾Okh i|yd jk wmf.acd;sl wNs,dIh o fõ'
21fidndfl;
DS
uOHu mßir wêldßfha ridhkd.dr fiajd
l¾udka; Yd,d u.ska ksl=;a lrk ld¾ñl wmøjHmßirhg uqod yeßfï § tu ÿIKh md,kh Wfoid ridhkd.drfiajd uy.= fiajhla bgqlrhs' mßir wêldßh u.ska ksl=;a lrwe;s .eiÜ m;%j,g wkql+, l¾udka; Yd,d j,ska msglrkq ,nkwmøjH kshñ; mßÈ mßirhg ydks fkdjk ;;a;ajhg m;a lrmßirhg uqod yeÍï isÿl< hq;=h' tneúka jdhQ" c," yd Yío ÿIKje<elaùu i|yd ridhkd.dr fiajd b;d uy.= fiajhla bgq lrkq,nhs' ld¾hlaIu yd M,odhS ridhkd.dr fiajhla rgmqrd ,nd§u i|yd uOHu mßir wêldßh úiskam<d;a 09 la ;=< m<d;a ridhkd.dr msysgqjk ,§' fuu ridhkd.dr j,§ c, ;;a;aj mÍlaIK" laIqøÔùúYaf,aIK mßlaIK fukau wfkl=;a wod< myiqlï imhkq ,nhs'Tfí myiqj i|yd tu ridhkd.dr fiajd ,nd .; yels ld¾hd, f,aLkh fufiah
22 fidndfl;
W;=re m<d;a ld¾hd,h
uOHu mßir wêldßh" wßúh,k.¾" ls,sfkdÉÑ' 021-7877277
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uOHu mßir wêldßh" fmd,af.d,a, fõ,a," fmd,af.d,a,' 081-2494884
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23fidndfl;
mßir ixrlaIKh i|yd oudkj Ñka;kfha fmdaIKh w;HjYHhs
21 jk Y; j¾Ifhafojk oYlh wjidkhg md;nd we;s wms" mßir ixrlaIKh.ek fndfyda oE l;d lrñkaisákafkuq' tla tla ld,j,§úúO me;slv wdjrKh jkf,i ñksia m%cdjf.a wNsjDoaêhuQ,sl lr .;a ixj¾Okl%fudamdhhka l%shd;aul lf<uq'21 jk Y; j¾Ih wdrïNfha §iyY% ixj¾Okh wruqKq (Mil-lennium Development Goals )ms<sn| l;d l< wms j¾;udkfha§ ;sridr ixj¾Okh wruqKq(Sustainable DevelopmentGoals) <Õd lr .ekSfï fufy-hqul kshqla; j isákafkuq'flfia jqj o" iuia;hlajYfhka .;a l< ñksidf.a l%shdl,dmh fya;=fjka wm wjgmßirfha iu;=,s;;dj ì| je-fgñka mj;S'
iqkaor jkfm;a" u,ska nr jQisfhd;=kaf.a ñysß kdofhka uqiqjQ ta iajdNdúl mßir moaO;swiu;=,s; lsÍug ;rï kQ;kñksia Ñska;kfhka fyìixj¾Ok l%fudamdhka mdol ùwe;' fuu wmq¾j oshqKqj;a iuÕ
ñksidf.a úúO l%shdldrlïfya;=fjka jdhq f.da,hg" Ys,df.da,hg yd c, f.da,hg uqodyefrk ffcj ydhkh fkdjkwmøjH" úI ridhksl ld¾ñlwmikaok fukau kj b§lsÍïi|yd uyd mßudKfhka isÿlrk jk úkdYh uÕska ia-jNdúl mdßißl ;;a;ajhkaúYd, f,i ydhkhg ,lalr we;' ta uÕska isÿ j’ we;smdßißl jHikhka o Bgiu.dó j W.% ù we;'
mdßißl idOlhkag b;dixfõ§ i;a;aj yd Ydl úfYaIfï ksid m%N, f,i n,mEug,la ù we;' fjkia jkmßirhg wkqj¾;kh úhfkdyels jQ tu ixfõ§ Ydlyd i;a;aj úfYaI fndfy-duhla fï jk úg;a fydrryfiau mDÓú ;,fhkai|ygu iuqf.k we;'
ye,sfha j;=r r;ajk f;lakgk ll=¿jd fuka ñks idgo iajNdúsl mßirh úkdYlrñska .y fld< i;disjqmdjqkag úk lrñska hk.ufka r;= t<sh oefkk úsg
ukiska Wiia hehs iïu;ñksid úsiska u ;u m%cdjf.afukau ish¿u cSúkaf.a u<.ugm%udKj;a ;rï ux ilidwjikah' ish¿u cSúkaf.ameje;aug wñ, fufyhla isÿlrk iajNdúl mßirh fndfydaÿrg úkdY lr we;'
bkaoshdfõ ldka;druh ¥m;la jkdka;rhla njg m;a l< cdfoõ fud,dhs mdfhkaf.a
ye,sfha j;=r r;ajk f;la kgkll=¿jd fuka ñksidg o ia-jNdúsl mßirh úkdY lrñska.y fld< i;d isjqmdjqkag úklrñska hk .ufka r;= t<shoefkk úsg ukiska Wiia hehsiïu; ñksid úsiska u ;um%cdjf.a fukau ish¿u cSúkaf.au< .ug m%udKj;a ;rï uxilid wjikah' ish¿u cSúkaf.ameje;aug wñ, fufyhla isÿlrk iajNdúl mßirh fndfydaÿrg úkdY lr we;'
yojf;a we`os is;=ju '' ' ' ' ' '@
flfia jqj o fï nj y÷kd.ekSfuka miqf,dalfha n,j;a rgj,a hehs m%lg mßirúkdYhg o jeä iïnkaO;djla we;s weursldj"reishdj wd§ rgj,a tlaj mßir úkdYh wjulsÍu i|yd úúO iïuq;Ska yd ta hgf;a úúOkHdhhka kS;s fr.=,diS y÷kajdfoñska mßirÿIKh wju lsÍu;a mßir ixrlaIKh;a wdrïNlrk ,§' ta wkqj m%Odk jYfhkau 1992 j¾Ifha§n%iS,fha ßfhda o cekhsfrdays § f,dal ñysl;iuq¿j meje;a jQ w;r tuÕska fndfyda ixrlaIKl%ufõohka f,dj mqrd jHdma; lsÍug lghq;=lrk ,§'
tfiau f,dalfha úúO ia:dkhka ysmj;sk úúO wdldrfha úfYaI;ajhka iys; iajd-Ndúl mßir moaO;s wdrlaI lr .ekSug o lghq;=wdrïN lrk ,§' f,dalfha oekg mj;sk iajd-Ndúl mßir moaO;Skays we;s ffcj úúO;ajh iyúkdY ùfï ;¾ckhg ,la ù we;s cSùúfYaIhkaf.a m%udKhkag wod< mrdñ;Ska wkqjffcj úúO;aj WKqiqï l,dm (BiodiversityHotspot) f,i m%foaY 36la y÷kdf.k m%ldYhgm;a lr we;'
Y%S ,xldj ie<l+ úg tu l,dm j,ska 34jk ia:dkhg m;aj we;s bkaoshdfõ ngysr >dÜiaiy Y%S ,xldj kue;s ffcj úúO;aj WKqiqïl,dmhg ,xldfõ f;;a l,dmSh jkdka;r iys;mßir moaO;sh o we;=<;a fõ' ukao h;a bkaoshdfõngysr udhsu foig jkakg mj;sk mßirmoaO;Skag iudkqrEmsS mßir moaO;Ska Y%S ,xldfõf;;a l,dmSh jkakd;rhkays mj;sk neúks'
Y%S ,xldj ;=< mßir ÿIKh wju lrmßir moaO;s ixrlaIKh lsÍu i|ydfudkaá%fh,a iïuq;sh" úhdkd iïuq;sh" ndi,aiïuq;sh wd§ wka;¾ cd;sl iïuq;ska fndfydauhla l%shd;aul lr we;' tfiau cd;sl jYfhkaúúO wK mk;a ilia lr tajd l%shd;aul lsÍugúúO wdh;k msysgqjd we;' ta u.ska ixj¾Okl%fudamdhka mßir ys;ldó f,i l%shd;aullsÍug keUQre ù we;'
fuys§" Y%S ,xldj ;=< yd wjg uqyqÿ;Srfhys mj;sk iajNdúl mßir moaO;s ixr-laIKh lsÍug oekg l%shd;aul jk m%Odk wKmk;a lsysmhla kï"
² 1907 wxl 16 ork jk wd{d mk;
² 1988 wxl 3 ork cd;sl Wreu jkN+ñ mk;
² jk i;a;aj yd jDlaI,;d wdrlaIK wd{d mk;
² 1981 wxl 57 ork fjr< ixrlaIK mk;
² 2008 wxl 35 ork iuqø ÿIKh je<elaùfï
mk; '''''''' wdoshhs'
fufia úúO wK mk;a hgf;a msysgqjk,o wdh;k uÕska ta ta wdh;khkag wod< úIhm:hkag wkql+, jk f,i fjka lr .;a mßirmoaO;s$l,dm ixrlaIKh lsÍu;a tajdfha isÿ jkixj¾Ok lghq;= mßirhg isÿ úh yels n,mEïwju lrñka l%shd;aul lsÍu;a kshdukh lrkq,nhs'
fufia tla tla wdh;k úiska úúOlafIa;%hkag wod<j ixrlaIKh lrkq ,nkm%foaYj, iajdrlaIl m%foaY iy bka Tíng jkm%foaYhkays mßir ;;a;ajhka wdrlaId lsÍugúúO mßir idOlhka o wdjrKh jk f,i 1980wxl 47 ork cd;sl mdßißl mk; msysgqjd thl%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd uOHu mßir wêldßh msys-gqjk ,§'
ta wkqj" uOHu mßir wêldßh úiska1993 wxl 772$22 ork w;s úfYaI .eiÜ ks-fõokh uÕska fufia úúO wK mk;a hgf;aixrlaIKh lrkq ,nk m%foaYhkag m%OdkjYfhkau úYd, jHdmD;s yd ixj¾Ok lghq;=uÕska isÿúh yels n,mEu wju lsÍu i|ydfr.=,dis ilia lrk ,§' ta hgf;a kshdukhlrkq ,nk m%foaY mßir ixfõ§ m%foaY f,i;atajdfha ixj¾Ok lghq;= isÿ l< hq;= wdldrhms<sn|j;a Wmfoia ud,d ilia lrk ,§'
tfiau" cd;sl mdßißl mkf;a 24 wefldgi hgf;a o by;ska olajd we;s mßir ixfõ§m%foaYj,g wh;a fkdjk tfy;a ixrlaIKh l<hq;= hehs y÷kd.;a m%foaY mßir wdrlaIK m%foaY“Environmental Protection Area” f,i kïfldg tajdfha ixj¾Ok lghq;= md,kh lsÍuwdrïN lrk ,§' fï jk úg tfia kï lr we;smßir wdrlaIK m%foaY ixLHdj 10ls' tajdfha isÿlrkq ,nk ixj¾Ok lghq;= uOHu mßir
24 fidndfl;
wêldßfha iDcq ueÈy;a ùfuka md,kh lrkq,nhs'
wo jk úg fufia úúO wK mk;a msys-gqjñka tajdfha úê úOdk wkqj mßirh wdrlaIdlsÍfï j.lSu yqfola wod< wdh;kj,ks,OdÍkaf.a iïmq¾K j.lSula f,i ie<lSuguyck;dj keUqre ù we;' fld;ekl fyda mßirúkdYhla isÿ jkafka kï wod< rdcH wdh;kyd ks,Odßka úiska tu úkdYùï fukau thje<elaùfï iïmq¾K j.lSu oersh hq;= fõ'
mßir wdrlaIKh yd mßir ÿIKh wjulsÍu ms<sn| fl;rï oekqj;a lsÍu l< o" wKmk;a l%shd;aul lr jerÈlrejka yg o~qjïkshu l< o ;ud ;=<ska u mßirh l=ulao hehskshudldrfhka y÷kd fkd.kakd ;dla wmg wmúiska u isÿ lrk mßir úkdYh keje;aúhfkdyel' ta i|yd ñksid wOHd;añl jYfhkafjkia úh hq;=uh'
uy.u fialrhka úiska rpkd lrk ,o"
—jlalv <Õ Èh jefgk ;d,hg
;s;a; megjq Wv mek kegqjd
jeiai jyskakg biair wyfia
j<dl=f,ka úÿ,sh flgqjd˜
hehs ñksidf.a is;sú,s we;s jk wdldrhmjd mßirfha yo le<Uq ixisoaê wkqidrfhkawmq¾j f,i .S; mo je,lg weñKSug mjdod¾Yksl úh' tys riúkaok yelshdj fndfydaWiia uÜgul mej;sKs' j¾;udkfha tu is;sú,su.S;uh moje,g f.k we;s wdldrh .;a úg .S riúkaokhla fkdj uyd wf|dakdjla njg m;a ùwe;' tuÕska .uH jkafka mßirfha fjkiaùïyuqfõ fjkia jk ñksidf.a m%;srEmh fkdfõo@'''
ñksid yd mßirh ieuod tlg ne£mj;sk ixrpl folls' ñksidf.a .=Kd;aulNdjhu; mßirfha .=Kd;aulNdjh /§ we;' fuhoyula f,iska wm wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h'
25fidndfl;
mßir wdrlaIK l,dm
pdkaokS rEnisxy
fcHIaG mßir ks,OdÍmßir n,mEï we.hSï tallh
uOHu mßir wêldßh
jhia.; iShd flfkl=b;d wiSrefjka j<la ydrd wUme<hla isgqjkq ÿgq Tyqf.auqKqmqrd tu wU me<h .ila ùyg.kakd f.ä mßfNdackhlsÍug iShdg fkdyels jk njlS úg hq;=lula bgqlsÍu i|ydtu me<h isgqjk nj iShduqKqmqrdg f;areï lr fohs'Wla; Khlrh f.jkakg tujeäysá mqoa.,hd .kakd ,otla;rd W;aiydhls ta'
tfy;a wo cSj;ajkjeäysáhkag mßirh mßfN-dackh lsÍfï§ wfkl=;a wh ydmßir idOl lsisu ;elSulafkdlrk w;r tys ksis
n,Odßhd ;udumuKla nj is;hs'bjla njla ke;sjmßirh fjkia lrhs'
;j ÿrg;aidlÉcd iïuka;%Kj,g muKla iSud-fkdù ñys;,h fïúm;ska uqod.kakg wmyeu fokdgu ;ks;ksj;a iuqyhlaf,i;a l< yels ydl< hq;= ld¾hNdrhms<sn|j isys.ekaùufuu ,smsfha wruqKhs'
m%:ufhka ;u ksj-fika fï ld¾hh wdrïNlrkafka kï mßirfhaameje;aug wys;lr øjH ;uksfji fj;g;a" ksjiska ney-erg;a f.k tau yd f.k hdui|yd mshjr .ekSu l< hq;=jwe;' wo m%Odku mßir.eg¿jla ù we;s fmd,s;Ska ydma,diaála jeks fkdÈrk øjHwúêu;a f,i mßirhg uqÞyeÍu ksid we;s ù we;s ydkshyd Èrk - fkdÈrk ish¨u foa/ia lr .sKs ;eîu" ksfjiawjg yd jk ìïj, we;s .yfld< lmd oeóu wo úYd,jYfhka isÿ flf¾' uE;w;S;fha § ks-fjia j,ska"fydag,a j,ska"fj<| fmd,j,aj,ska bj;alrk ,o li<ish,a,u osrktajd ksid tajdúYd, bvïj,g neyerlrk ,o w;r
tu ia:dkj, úúO t,j¨ j¾.yg f.k f.dúm<j,a ie§;snqKq wdldrhla wmg u;lwe;'
fmd,s;Ska ma,diaálali< f.dvg tlaùu;a iuÕufuu ;;a;ajh iyuq,skaufjkia úh' fï ksid kd.ßlm%foaYj, we;sù ;sfnk úi¢hfkdyels mßir .eg¿j fïjk úg ;j ;j;a W.% fjñkamj;S' wfma jeäysáhka isÿ l<mrsoafokaa kej; kej; Ndú;dl< yels mßir ys;ldóu,a,la Ndú;d lsÍfuka o"wdydr weiqreï i|yd fmd,s;Skafjkqjg myiqfjka Èrdm;ajkøjH j,ska idÞ.kakd øjH
26 fidndfl;
—mßirh hkq wmg wmf.a
fouõmshkaf.ka ,enqk
Þhdohla fkdj wmf.a ore-
jkaf.ka ,nd.;a Khlrhlah˜
hk u;h j¾;udkfha fjfik
mqrjeis ish¨u fokdg wu;l
ù we;' tfia fkdue;s kï
Tjqka th Wjukdfjkau wu;l
lr oud we;' tu Khlrh
fmd<sh;a iuÕ wdmiq f.úh
hq;=j ;sìh§ mßirh
ta wdldrfhka fyda orejka
fj; ,ndoSu fjkqjg wm yeu
isÿlrkafka bjla njla ke;sj
tu mßirh ;j ;j;a
úkdY lsÍuhs'
mßiriq/l=u
fjkqfjkawmg l< yelafla ''@
.ïmy Èia;%sla mßir kshuq WmfoaYl ^ysgmq&
iu iNdm;s Y%s ,xld mßirixfõ§kaf.a ixioh
iNdm;s ñysirK moku'
jcsr isßudkak
Ndú;d lsÍug mqreÿ ùfuka o fuu ;;a;ajhgms<shï fhÈh yels w;r oekg we;s ma,diaála ydfmd,s;Ska /ialr fjka lr m%;spl%SlrKhg fhduqlrùfuka o wmg fï i|yd Þhl úh yelsh'
is;a .kakd iq¿ tfy;a mßirhg úklrk fkdÈrk weiqreï j,ska ÿria ù mßirys;ldó weiqreï j,ska ;u wdydr ksIamdokfj<| fmd,j,a fj; tjk f,i mdßfNda.slck;dj ksIamdolhskag n, l< hq;=h' fï i|ydrch me;af;ka o lsishï n, lsÍula l< hq;=jwe;'
mßir ixrËKh i|yd mdi,a m%cdjtkï .=re isiq fomd¾Yjhu iDcq f,i odhl lr.ekSfuka b;d blauka yd id¾:l m%;sM, ,nd.; yelsh' mßir mKsúvh jeäysá m%cdj fj;iïfm%aIKh lsrSfï id¾:lu l%uh jkafka omdi,a m%cdjhs'
1987 j¾Ifha § cd;sl mßir kshuq jevi-gyk osia;%sla uÜgñka jHdma; lrk wjia:dfõ§.ïmy osia;%sla m%:u mßir kshuq lKavdhufõhkaf.dv nKavdrkdhl uOH uyd úoHd,hfj; ,enqfka wm tjlg tu úÿyf,a wdrïNlr ;snq — jk Whk rela frdamK jevigyk˜.ek .ïmy Èidm;s jrhd o oekqj;aj isá ksidh'Bg iïnkaO jQ mdi,a orejka mßir kshuqjkaiuÕ w;aje,a ne|f.k tu jHdmD;sh bÈrshgf.k .sh w;r bka ,o w;aoelSï l=vd is;a ;=<
;=re ,;djkag wdorh lsrSu yd tajdwdrËd lsrSfuka ñys;,hg isÿjkfiajdj ms<sn|j wjfndaO lr .;ay'
1990 j¾IfhaoS .=re fiajdfõia:dk udrejla ,enq ud óß.u ã' tia'fiakdkdhl uOH uyd úoHd,h fj;hdfuka miqj tys wdrïN lrk ,o —ñysorefjda˜ mßir ixrËK ix.ufhafufyhùfuka 1991 cq,s 04 Èk wdrïNlrk ,o —jk wvúh˜ 2003 ud¾;= uiuq,a .,a ;nk ,o t<suyka rÕuv,2004 fkdje 04 Èk wdrïN lrk ,o
wgúis fndaê Whk wd§ mßir jHdmD;sj,Þhl;ajh ksid Þhdo ù we;s iqúi,a jkiam;Skawo tu mdi,a ìug iqúfYaI wkH;djla ,ndfoñka úrdcudkj isà'
by; i|yka l< mdi,a folgu úYd,ìï m%udKhla ysñ ù ;sîu yd tjlg isáúÿy,am;sjreka .=re uKav,h yd wdorKSh ore-jkaf.a iydh tu jHdmD;sj,g úYd, msgqn,hlajq nj mjikafka yo msrs i;=áks'
fï wdldrhg mdi, i;= ìï m%udKhwkqj l=vdjg fyda rela f.duq we;s lsÍu"fmd,s;Ska j,ska f;dr ìula njg mdi,a ìu m;alsÍu" Èrk li< j,ska fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydrksmoùu yd tajd Ndú;hg .ekSu" yels kï l=vdcSj jdhq tall mdi,a uÜgñka mj;ajdf.k hdu"l< yels kï mdi,a orejka thska ,nkm%dfhda.sl mqyqKqj Tjqka u.ska Tjqkaf.a ksjdilrd o wkdhdifhka iïfm%aIKh l< yels fjhs'
fldÜGdi uÜgñka $ l,dm uÜgñkajvd;a fyd`o mßir jHdmD;s l%shd;aul mdi,af;dard cd;sl uÜgñka we.ehSug ,la lsÍfukayd tajdg wjYH uÕ fmkaùu yd Wmfoia ,nd§fuka wOHdmk n,OdrSkag o Bg iyNd.S úhyelsh'
kd.ßl" .%dóh ksjdi fhdackd l%ul%shd;aul iqn idOl iñ;s" wd.ñl iñ;s" ydurKdOdr iñ;s jeks m%cd ixúOdk uÕska otla;rd ÿrlg mßir ixrËK jevigykal%shd;aul l< yels w;r tjeks jevigykams<sn|j b;d flá i|yka lsÍula uu bÈßm;alrñ'
lvj; k.rhg wdikak uyd fndaêudjf;a ksjeishka tla ù msysgqjdf.k we;s uydfndaê mßir iudch fvx.= jHdma;sh j<lajk je-vigyka fmd,s;Ska tla /ia lr tajdm%;spl%SlrKh i|yd fhduq lrùfï jevigykayd oekqj;a lsÍfï jevigyka l%shd;aul lrk
27fidndfl;
45 msgqjg '' ' '
jdhqf.da,Sh ;;a;aj ñKqï jevigyfka ld,Sk wjYH;dj
wm wjg jdhq f.da,fha mj;skqfha ia-jNdúl jdhq ñY%Khls' th m%Odk jYfhkakhsg%cka jdhqj 78] la Tlaiscka jdhqj 21] laldnkavfhdlaihsâ jdhqj 0'03] la yd wd.kajdhqj yd wfkl=;a wxY= ud;% jdhqkaf.ka b;sßm%udKho iukaú;j mj;S' fuu iajNdúl jdhqñY%Kh m%Odk jYfhka ñksidg yd wfkl=;ai;=kag;a" .yfld< j,g;a ydksodhl fkdjkw;r ñksid" .yfld< yd i;d iSmdjdf.ameje;au fuu iajNdúl jdhq ixhq;sfha;=,kh u; r|d mj;S'
m%Odk jYfhka jdyk j,ska isÿjkfmdis, bkaOk oykh" ld¾ñl msgdr yd úúOñksia l%shdldrlï fya;=fjka jdhqf.da,hgjdhq ¥Ildrl tla fjñka mj;S' fuu.skañksidg;a .yfld< yd i;d iSmdjg;a we;sjkwys;lr n,mEï l<ukdlrKh lsÍu cd;slwjYH;djlaj mj;S'
Y%S ,xldfõ rch u.ska ixirK jdhqfõjdhq ¥Ildrl mj;ajd .; hq;= Wmßu uÜgïj¾I 1994 foieïn¾ ui 20 Èke;s wxl 850$4ork .eiÜ m;%h u.ska m%ldYhg m;a lr we;sw;r" 2008 wf.daia;= 15 Èke;s wxl 1562$22ork ixfYdaê; .eiÜ m;%h u.ska tu m%ñ;sYla;su;a lr we;' thg wkqj m%Odk jdhq¥Ildrl 05 la mj;S' fuu ¥Il ldrlhkaiïnkaO wOHhkhka yd ksÍlaIKhka o isÿlsÍu ld,Sk wjYH;djlaj mj;S' khsg%ckaTlaihsv ^N2O&" i,am¾ vfhdlaihsâ ^SO2&"ldnka fudfkdlaihsâ ^CO&" ´fidaka ^O3&"jd;fha wj,ïNs; wxY= ^PM10 yd PM2.5&fuu m%Odk jdhq ¥Ildrl fõ' PM10 hkqúIalïNh uhsfl%dak 10 g wvq wxY= jk w;rPM2.5 hkq uhsfl%dak 2'5 g wvq wxY=ka fõ'
Y%S ,xld rch u.ska jdhq iïm;al<ukdlrKh i|yd jdhq úfudapk Ndrldrwruqo, ia:dms; lr we;' tu.ska cd;sl ydcd;Hka;r m%ñ;shg wkql+, jdhq ;;a;ajmÍlaIK uOHia:dk 02 la uOHu mßirwêldßhg ,nd § we;s w;r fï jk úg tuuOHia:dk 02 n;a;ruq,a, iy uykqjrk.rj, l%shd;aul fjñka mj;S' fuu jdhq;;a;aj mÍlaIK uOHia:dk uÕska by;i|yka lrk ,o m%Odk jdhq ¥Il ldrlj,gwu;rj ^óf;aka rys;& yhsfv%dldnk miqúmrï lsÍfï myiqlï o mj;S' fuuksÍlaIK uOHia:dk wjg mßirfhaWIaK;ajh" wd¾ø;djh" iq<fÕa ÈYdj yd fõ.hj¾Idm;kh" iQ¾hh lsrK ;Sj%r;djh jeksld<.=K o;a; o ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj fuuksÍlaIK uOHia:dk i;=h' fuu jdhq ¥Illdrlj, yeisÍu" jHdma;sh yd j¾Okh i|yd
28 fidndfl;
tï' fÊ' iórÈ,dka chr;ak
mßir ks,OdÍ
jdhQ ;;a;aj l<ukdlrK yd
miqúmrï tallh
uOHu mßir wêlßh
m%Odk jYfhka jdyk j,ska isÿjk fmdis, bkaOk
oykh" ld¾ñl msgdr yd úúO ñksia l%shdldrlï
fya;=fjka jdhqf.da,hg jdhq ¥Ildrl tla fjñka
mj;S' fuu.ska ñksidg;a .yfld< yd i;d iSmdjg;a
we;sjk wys;lr n,mEï l<ukdlrKh lsÍu
cd;sl wjYH;djlaj mj;S'
ld,Sk mßir
m%fõY
ld,.=Kfha ie,lsh hq;= n,mEula o mj;skneúka ta ms<sn|j wOHhkh lsÍug ydmqfrdal;khka lsÍug fuu o;a; jeo.;a fõ'fufia ,nd .kq ,nk o;a;hka miqj wOHhkhlsÍu yd wfkl=;a o;a;hka iu. ixikaokhlr ne,Su i|yd wjYH o;a; .nvd lsÍfï ydwOHhkh lsÍfï myiqlï iys; uDÿldx. ouOHu mßir wêldßh i;=j mj;S'
jdhq ;;a;aj o¾Ylh
iDcq úoHd;aul o;a;hka ck;djg ,ndÿkak o tys kshu woyi ms<sn| .eUqre wjfn-daOhla ,nd .ekSu nyq;r ck;djg ÿIalrneúka tu úoHd;aul o;a;hkaf.a woyi my-iqfjka nyq;r ck;djg jgyd .ekSu i|ydjdhq ;;a;aj o¾Ylh y÷kajd § we;' jdhqmÍlaIK uOHia:dk u.ska ,nd .kakd tla tlajdhq ¥Ildrlfha jdhq f.da,fha mj;sk id-kaøKhka .Kkh lsÍfï l%shdj,shla u.ska 0isg 500 olajd ixLHd mrdih ;=< msysá ixLHd-jla njg m;a lr .kS' tu w.h 0 ;a 50 ;a w;rjQ úg fi!LHhg fyd| uÜgul tu jdhq ¥Ilhmj;sk nj o" 51 ;a 100 ;a w;r jQ úg thuOHia: uÜgul mj;sk nj o" fuu w.h 101;a 200 ;a w;r mj;sk úg ixfõÈ lKavd-hïj,g wys;lr nj o" 201 ;a 300 ;a w;rmj;sk úg fi!LH wys;lr uÜgul mj;sknj o" 300 blaujQ úg fi!LHhg fnfyúkawys;lr uÜgul mj;sk nj o woyia fõ' tu
w.h fuu jdhq ¥Ilh i|yd Wm jdhq ;;a;ajo¾Yl w.h f,i y÷kajk w;r m%Odk jdhq¥Il 05 i|ydu fuu w.h .Kkh lr tuw.hka w;ßka ,efnk jeäu w.h tu ojfiajdhq ;;a;aj o¾Ylh f,i bÈßm;a lrkq ,nhs'fuu jdhq ;;a;aj o¾Yl w.h uÕska ck;djg;ud wjg mßirfha jeäfhkau mj;sk jdhqÿIl ldrlh l=ula o hkak;a" ydkslr uÜgfïmj;S kï tu.ska isÿjk ydksfha iajNdjh ydtu ydksh wju lr .ekSug .; yels l%shdud¾.fudkjd o hkak;a ms<sn|j ir, wjfndaOhla,nd .; yel' fuu.ska jdhq ¥IKh wju lr.ekSfï jeo.;alu ms<sn|j m‚úvh fmdÿck;dj fj; iïfma%IKh lsÍu myiqfjka isÿl< yel'
;ud wjg jdhqf.da,fha mj;sk.=Kd;aulNdjh ms<sn| oek .ekSu ck;dwhs;shla jk w;r tu whs;sh ;yjqre lsÍui|yd by; i|yka lrkq ,enQ jdhq ksÍlaIKuOHia:dk 02 u.ska ,efnk o;a;hka Ndú;dfldg jdhq ;;a;aj o¾Yl w.hka .Kkh fldgäðg,a mqjre u.ska ck;djg f;dr;=re bÈßm;alsÍug o iQodkï fldg we;'
fï ms<sn|j meyeÈ,s wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSu i|yd jdhq ;;a;aj o¾Yl w.hka äðg,amqjre u.ska bÈßm;a lrk wdldrfha wdlD;shlao fï iu. olajd we;'
jdhqf.da,Sh ;;a;aj ñKqï jevigyfka ld,Sk wjYH;dj
29
fidndfl;
30
mßir ÿIK md,kh fjkqfjkawfma odhl;ajh
1988 wxl 56 yd 2000 wxl 53 ka ixfY-daê; 1980 wxl 48 ork cd;sl mdßißl mk;uÕska" udkj flakaøsh f,i mßir ÿIKhhkak w¾: olajd we;af;a zmßirh jevodhsf,i Wmfhda.S lr .ekSug wys;lr f,i fydauyck fi!LHhg" wdrlaIdjg fydaiqnidOkhg Wmøjldß ;;a;ajhla we;sjkf,i wmøjH neyer lsÍfuka" msg lsÍfuka fydanyd ;eîfuka mßirfha hï fldgil fN!;sl"ridhksl" ffcùh fyda úlsrKYS,s mod¾:hkafl,skau fyda wkHdldrfhka fjkia lsÍuZhkqfjks'
mßir ÿIKh md,kfhys ,d j.lsjhq;=mqrjeishkaf.a m<uq ld¾hNdrh úh hq;af;a ;ksmqoa.,fhl= f,i ;uka tÈfkod isÿlrkl%shdldrlï" mßir ÿIKhg bjy,a úh yelswdldrh ms<sn|j wjfndaO lr thska je<lSuglghq;= lsÍu;a" tf,i lghq;= lsÍfuka ,efnkm%;s,dN ljf¾oehs wka wh oekqj;a lsÍu;ah'
wiSñ; wdYdjka miqmi yUd hdugfmd<Ujk mdßfNda.sl iudc l%uh ;=<"wjYH;djkag jvd jqjukdjka fmrgq fldg.;a;r.ldÍ cSjk rgdjg wkq.;ùug isÿ lrkwkjr; wr.,fhka fyïn;aj isák fndfydamqrjeishka fun÷ ldrkdjka ms<sn|jie,ls,su;a fkdù mßir ÿIKh ms<sn|jmuKla ueisú,s k.;s' mßir ÿIKh .ekwkqkag weÕs,a, È.= lrk úg ;ukag weÕs,s
;=kla fhduqù we;s neúka fuys§ mßir ÿIKhisÿlsÍug ;ks ;ks mqoa.,hska f,i isÿ lrkwhym;a p¾hdjka wjfndaO lr f.k tafjkqjg wkq.ukh l< hq;= hym;a p¾hdjkams<sn|j oekqj;a ù th cSjk oyula njg m;alr .kafka kï fld;rï jgfkao@
fojkqj" mßir ÿIKh md,kfhys,doekg mj;sk wdh;ksl rduqj" ;dlaIKsl ydffk;sl miqìu ms<sn|j idudkH oekqula ,ndBg wkql+,j jdhqj" mi yd c,fhys .=Kd;aulnj rlsñka mßir ÿIKh wju lsÍug odhl ùuiEu mqrjeisfhl=f.au hq;=lula fukauj.lSuls'
mßir ÿIK md,kfha§ mqrjeishdf.a ld¾hNdrfha jeo.;alu
mßirh iq/lSu rcfha fukau iEu mqr-jeishl=f.au j.lSula nj wdKavql%ujHjia:dfõu i|ykaj we;' mßir ÿIKmd,kfhys,d wdh;ksl" ;dlaIKsl ydffk;sl miqìu fufia jqj o" m%dfhda.sl;;a;ajh jkafka" uQ,sl wkque;Ska i,ld n,dúúO n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍfuka miqj wod< rdcHwdh;k uÕska tu n,m;%j, i|yka fldkafoaisksis f,i l%shd;aul fõ oehs miqúmrï lsÍugwe;s YlH;dj w,am ùuhs' tu wvqj msrùugrfÜ mqrjeishkag bgq l< yels fufyjr iq¿mgq ke;' ta i|yd ukd ixúOdk Yla;shlaf.dvkÕd .ksñka" mßir ÿIKh isÿjkl%shdldrlï ms<sn|j wjOdkfhka isg" tajdmd,kfhys,d mj;sk j.lsj hq;= wdh;kljf¾ o" tajdfha ld¾hNdrhka" j.lSu orkks,orejka ms<sn| f;dr;=re j,ska ikakoaO ùmßir ÿIK md,khg ueÈy;a ùu hq.fhawjYH;djls'
rgl mqrjeishkaf.a fujeks il%shueÈy;a ùï ;=<ska ;srir ixj¾Ok l%shdj,shh:d¾:hla l< yels jk w;r" tuÕskal¾udka;lreg o isÿjkqfha hym;ls' wm rglDIsl¾udka;fhka ÈhqKq l< hq;= kï Bgiu.dój l¾udka;j, meje;au ;yjqre lr,Su
fidndfl;
rgl mqrjeishkaf.a fujeks il%sh ueÈy;a ùï;=<ska ;srir ixj¾Ok l%shdj,sh h:d¾:hla l<
yels jk w;r" tuÕska l¾udka;lreg oisÿjkqfha hym;ls' wm rg lDIsl¾udka;fhkaÈhqKq l< hq;= kï Bg iu.dój l¾udka;j,
meje;au ;yjqre lr,Su o w;HjYH fõ' tneúkafujeks l¾;jHhka ÿrolakd kqjKska ksis oelaula
we;s j isÿ l< hq;= w;r l¾udka; lrejkawl¾ukH ùu isÿ fkdùh hq;=h'
o w;HjYH fõ' tneúka fujeks l¾;jHhkaÿrolakd kqjkska ksis oelaula we;sj isÿ l<hq;= w;r l¾udka; lrejka wl¾ukH ùu isÿfkdùh hq;=h'
cd;sl mdßißl mk; uÕska fi!LHu;awdrlaIs; mßirhl cSj;a ùug ;ukag ,nd §we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lr .ekSug iEu mqr-jeishl=u hï lem lsÍula l< hq;=h' tysjákdlu wjfndaO lrf.k ;u whs;Ska/l.ekSug fukau ;u hq;=lu bgqlsrSug isyskqjKska yd fkdmiqng ù¾hfhka lghq;= lsÍu;=<ska mßir ÿIK md,khg iEu mqrjeishl=guodhl úh yel'
iEu bv wjldYhlau" m%udKj;a yß;j¾Khlska msÍ hk f,iska iqÿiq Ydl f;dardfrdamKh fldg j¾Okh lsÍu i¾j ld,Skjákdlulska fyì ls%hdud¾.hla jkafkah'
cd;sl mdßißl mk; yd uOHu mßirwêldßh
cd;sl mdßißl mk; l%shd;aul lrkq,nk uOHu mßir wêldßh tys we;eï n,;,m<d;a md,k wdh;k fj; úuOH .; lr we;'tu;= o fkdj mßirfha úúO wxY fjkqfjkaj.lSu ork rdcH wdh;k 100 lg wdikakixLHdj;a wm rfÜ we;' ta ish¿u wdh;k fu-fyhjñka uyck iyNd.S;ajh" kS;s l%shd;aullsÍu" Wiia ;dlaIKsl ueÈy;a ùu iy mdßißlwOHdmkh ;=<ska mßirfha .=Kd;aul njiqrlsk iy yiqrejk" cd;sfha fmr .ukalref,i ksis uÕ fmkaùfï mq¿,a j.lSu we;swdh;kh uOHu mßir wêldßh fõ" tneúkaúúO wxY j,ska isÿjk mßir ÿIK ;;a;ajhkamd,kh lsÍu yd j<lajd ,Su i|yd cd;slmdßißl mkf;a mj;sk m%;smdok fukauwfkl=;a mdßißl kS;s ms<sn|j iEu mqr-jeishl=u oekqj;a úh hq;=h'
mßir ÿIK ;;ajhka md,kh lsÍui|yd cd;sl mdßißl mkf;a wjOdkh
fhduqj mj;sk úúO wxY
1' kshñ; lghq;= (Prescribe Activities)mkf;a 23 w j.ka;shg wkqj mßir ÿIK
úNjhla iys; zkshñ; lghq;=Z (Prescribe Ac-tivities) f,iska j¾. 03 la hgf;a ,hsia;= .;
fldg .=Kd;aulj yd m%udKd;auljy÷kd.kakd ,o l¾udka;$l%shdj,ska 138 la2008'01'25 Èke;s 1533$16 ork .eiÜ m;%fhaolajd we;' tajdfha l%shdldÍ;ajfhka ckkhjk wm c,h uqodyeÍfï OdrK iSudjkal%shdj,sfha iajNdjh yd wjidk neyer,Sumdol fldg f.k 2008'02'01 Èke;s wxl1534$18 ork .eiÜ m;%fha i|yka lr we;' Bgwu;rj ia:dkSh jdhq úfudapk i|yd wka;¾
m%ñ;Skao (Interim Stationary Source EmissionStandards) wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrwe;s w;r tu .eiÜ ksfõokh bosßfhaoSm%ldYhg m;a lsÍug kshñ;h' tfukau1996'05'23 Èke;s wxl 924$12 ork .eiÜ m;%fhaf>daId md,k uÜgï bvï mßyrKh mdol lrolajd we;' lsisÿ kshñ; lghq;a;lg uOHumßir wêldßh fyda n,;, úuOH.; lrk,o wdh;khla úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o mdßißlwdrlaIK n,m;%hl fldkafoais (Environmen-tal Protection Licence) hgf;a kshñ; m%ñ;s ydWmudkj,g wkql+,j ñi wmøjH mßirhg msgl< fkdyel'
2' wka;rdhldÍ wmøjH
2008'02'01 Èke;s wxl 1534$18 ork .eiÜm;%fha i|yka Wmf,aLk .; wmøjH (Sched-uled Waste) lsishï lghq;a;ll%shdldÍ;ajfhka ckkh lsÍu" tl;= lsÍu".nvd lsÍu" ksIal¾IK lsÍu" m%;spl%ShlrKhyd wjidk neyer lsÍï isÿlrkafka kï thksYaÑ; m%ñ;s yd Wmudkj,g wkqrEmjn,m;%hla hgf;a isÿ l< hq;=h'
3' kd.ßl >k wmøjH
fndfyda fofkl= wjOdkhla fkdolajklreKla neúka kd.ßl >k wmøjH l<ukdl-
31fidndfl;
rKh cd;sl .eg¿jla njg m;aj we;'2009'11'10 Èke;s wxl 1627$19 ork .eiÜm;%fha kd.ßl >k wmøjH neyer lsÍu ms<sn|ksfhda. i|yka fõ' tajd l%shd;aul lsÍug iEum<d;a md,k wdh;khlau ne£ we;'
4' jdyk uÕska isÿjk jdhq iy YíoÿIKh
jdyk uÕska isÿjk jdhq iy Yío ÿIKhmd,kh i|yd m%ñ;Ska 2008'07'09 Èke;s wxl1557$14 yd 2011'12'29 Èke;s wxl 1738$37 ork.eiÜ m;%j, uOHu mßir wêldßh úiskai|yka lr we;s m%ñ;Ska l%shd;aul lrùu isÿl< hq;af;a fudag¾ r: flduidßia ckrd,ajrhd úisks'
mßir ÿIk ;;ajhka j<lajd ,Su i|ydcd;sl mdßißl mkf;a wjOdkhfhduqj mj;sk úúO lafIa;%
1' kj l¾udka; $ kshñ; l%shdj,s w¿;skaia:dk .; lsÍu
kj l¾udka;hla $ kshñ; l%shdj,shlaw¿;ska ia:dk .; lsÍfïoS bvï mßyrK rgdj"iajNdúl iïm;a mßyrKh yd wmøjH neyerlsÍfï m%udKd;aul yd .=Kd;aul ;;ajhkams<sn|j ie,ls,su;a fkdùu fya;=fjka kej;yerúh fkdyels mdßißl ydks isÿ úh yel'wm rfÜ jdKsc" fkajdisl" ld¾ñl"lDIsld¾ñl f,i l,dmlrKhla isÿlsÍui|yd bvï mßyrKh ms<sn|j iaÓrm%;sm;a;shla fkdue;s neúka" l¾udka; ia:dk.; lsÍfï l%shdj,sh úêu;a lsÍu m%dfhda.sljb;d wiSre lghq;a;ls' cd;sl mdßißl mkf;aiv —we˜ fldgi hgf;a we;s mdßißl n,mEïwe.hSï l%shdj,shg (EIA) wod< fkdjk 'kjl¾udka;hla $kshñ; l%shdj,shla w¿;ska
ia:dk .; lsÍfïoS l%shd l< hq;= wdldrhi|yka lr oekg mßir wud;HdxYfha f,alïúiska 2015'04'29 oske;sj wxl 1$2015 ̂ kS;s& orkpl%f,aLhla ksl=;a lr we;' thg wkqj2008'01'25 oske;s 1533$16 ork .eiÜ m;%fhai|yka l¾udka; $kshñ; l%shdj,s i|ydf.dvke.s,s ie,iqï whÿï m;%h i,ldne,SfïoS uOHu mßir wêldßh uÕska ksl=;alrk ,o mdßißl ks¾foaYh wksjd¾hwjYH;djla nj oekqï oS we;s neúka fuhw;sYh jeo.;a ;SrKd;aul l%shdj,shls'
2' kshñ; jHdmD;s w¿;ska ia:dk .;lsÍu (Prescribe Projects)
cd;sl mdßißl mkf;a iv —we˜ fldgihgf;a we;s mdßißl n,mEï we.hSïl%shdj,shg wod< jk" kshñ; jHdmD;s 52 la1993'06'24 wxl 772$22 yd 1995'02'23 wxl 859$14ork .eiÜ m;%j, i|ykaj we;' tajd w¿;skaia:dk .; lsÍfïoS uQ,sl mdßißl we.hSula(IEE) fyda mdßißl n,mEï we.hSula (EIA) isÿl< hq;=h'
3' wdrlaIs; m%foaY m%ldYhg m;alsÍu(Protected Area)
fjk;a mdßißl kS;shlska wdjrKhfkdjQ ixfõoS m%foaY" mkf;a 23 we' wEj.ka;sj,g wkqj wdrlaIs; m%foaY f,im%ldYhg m;a lsÍug lghq;= lr we;' ta wkqjfld<U osia;%slalfha fnd,af.dv c, foayh";,x.u jej" .ïmy osia;%slalfha uq;=rdc fj,f;;a ìu" l¿;r osia;%slalfha j,õfõj;a; -j;=rdk ñßosh j.=re jkdka;rh" fudKrd.,osia;%slalfha ur., l÷jeáh" kqjrt<shosia;%slalfha f.%.rs jej" uykqjr osia;%slalfhakl,aia mßir wdrlaIK m%foaYh" yka;dkl÷jeáh" jrd;ekak - ylals| f;;aìu" ud;f,aosia;%slalfha udWiaidj mkai,d;ekak c, fm-daIl m%foaYh oekg wdrlaIs; m%foaY f,im%ldYhg m;alr we;' wjir ,;a Ndú;hkai|yd muKla fuu m%foaY fjka lr we;'
32 fidndfl;
ã' tia' ta' Ydka;s fcHIaG mßir ks,OdÍ
mßir ÿIK md,k tallhuOHu mßir wêldßh
45 msgqjg '' ' '
j;auka Y%S ,xldfõck.ykfhka 25] la k.rj,ðj;a jk w;r" j¾I 2030 jk úgck.ykfhka 65] la j;a kd.ßlm%foaYj, ðj;a jkq we;s njgweia;fïka;= lr we;' fujeksúYd, ck.ykhla ðj;a jkmßirhla myiqfjka" wdrlaIdlsßu;a iy ;Dma;su;a ck ðú;hlai|yd flfia ie,iqï l< hq;= o@hkak;a" fujeks wêlck.ykhla iuÕu iajNdúlmßirh iunrj mj;ajd .kafkaflfia o@ hkak;a wo jk úgf,dalfhau wjOdkhg md;%j we;swNsfhda.d;aul ud;Dldjla fõ'oekg fhdackd ú we;s ;srirúi÷ï w;r" zyß; k.r ixl,amhf,dalfha k.rj, l%shd;aul lrid¾:l m%;sM, w;alrf.k we;'f,dal wd¾Ól ixi|h ^WorldEconomic Forum& úiska 2018jif¾ f,dj fyd|u yß; k.royh m%ldYhg m;alr we;af;a"yß; o¾Ylhg wkqj úYaf,aIKhlsßfuks' ta wkqj wefußldtlai;a ckmofha *af,daßvdys;ïmd k.rh wxl tlg;a"isx.mamqrej wxl folg;a"
fkd¾fõys ´iaf,da kqjr wxl;=kg;a" lekvdfõ jekal=j¾k.rh yd ´iafÜ%,shdfõ isâksk.rh wxl y;r iy my wd§jYfhka f;aÍ m;aj we;'
yß; k.r ixl,amh
yß; k.r ixl,amfhys uQ,O¾uhjkafka" pl%Sh kd.ßlmßjD;a;shhs' tkï pl%Sh wdldrhgtlsfklg neÿKq tall odujYfhka jHqy.; ùuhs' tltallhl l%shdldÍ;ajh wfklatall l%shdldÍ;ajhg w;HjYHjk w;r" iEu tallhlu id¾:ll%shdldÍ;ajh ;=<ska iÔj f,iyß; k.rh l%shd;aul fõ' fuuyß; k.rj, m%Odk wruqKqjkafka" b;du;a iSñ; iïm;la jqN+ó mßfNdackh wju lr.ekSu"n,Yla;sh yd iajNdúl iïm;awju f,i mßfNdackhlsßu" iajNdúl mßirh/l.eksu iywjidkfha ldnkslwmøjH mßirhguqod yeÍu Y+kHlsßuhs' hQfrdamShyß; k.r
iïudk i|yd m%ó;Ska 13laie,ls,a,g .kq ,efí' ^Wong andKuen, 2011& tu m%ó;Ska weiqfrkao yß; k.rhl iajNdjhwfmalaIs; jHqyuh l%shdldß;ajhms<sn| hï wjfndaOhla ,eìhyels fõ' tu m%ó;Ska kï"
33fidndfl;yß; k.rixl,amfha
ld,Sk wjYH;djúu¾Ykd;aul úuiqula
• jdhq úfudapk ;;a;ajhka
úÿ,sh Ndú;h ksid we;sjk úfudapkhka o we;=<;aj talmqoa., ldnka úfudapk m%udKh" iajNdúl jdhq Ndú;hksid isÿ jk tal mqoa., ldnka úfudapk m%udKh".ukd.ukh i|yd tal mqoa., ldnka úfudapkh iylsf,dafjdÜ mehla i|yd ldnka mßfNdackh
• j¾Ihl§ khsÜßla Tlaihsâ iy uhsfl%da .a?ï 10g wvq^PM - IO & jd;fha wj,ïNs; wxY= m%udKfha uOHhkidkaøKh
• m%jdyk udOH j¾. Ndú;h - fldmuK ck.ykhla fmdÿm%jdyk kej;=ul óg¾ 300 la we;=<; ðj;a jkafka o@
• uq¿ N+ñ m%udKfhka fmdÿ yd fm!oa.,sl yß; m%foaY
,laIsld ñáhdf.dv
jr,;a k.r ks¾udK Ys,amsks
fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h
k.r yd .%du ks¾udK fomd¾;fïka;=j
fudrgqj úYaj úoHd,h
yß; k.r
ixl,amfhys uQ,O¾uh jkafka"
pl%Sh kd.ßl mßjD;a;shhs'
tkï pl%Sh wdldrhg tlsfklg neÿKq
tall odu jYfhka jHqy.; ùuhs'
tl tallhl l%shdldÍ;ajh
wfkla tall l%shdldÍ;ajhg w;HjYH jk w;r"
iEu tallhlu id¾:l l%shdldÍ;ajh ;=<ska
iÔj f,i yß; k.rh l%shd;aul fõ' fuu yß;
k.rj, m%Odk wruqKq jkafka" b;du;a iSñ; iïm;la
jq N+ó mßfNdackh wju lr.ekSu" n,Yla;sh yd
iajNdúl iïm;a
wju f,i mßfNdackh lsßu"
iajNdúl mßirh /l.eksu iy
wjidkfha ldnksl wmøjH
mßirhg uqod yeÍu
Y+kH lsßuhs'
m%udKfha m%;sY;h iy kd.ßl iajNdúl mßirhgiy ffcj úúO;ajhg fjkalr we;s N+ñ m%udKfham%;sY;h
• oyj,a ld,h ;=< § 55 dB g jvd jeä YíohgksrdjrKh jk ck.ykh iy rd;%s ld,fha 45 dBjeä Yíohg ksrdjrKh jk ck.ykh
• tal mqoa., wmøjH m%udKh¦ uq¿ wmøjHm%udKfhka ffcj úyrKh l< wmøjH bvïmsrùu i|yd fhdod .ekSfï iy kd.ßlm%;spl%SlrKh lsßfï wkqmd;h'
• c, udmlhla iys;j kd.ßl c, iemhSïwkqmd;h" tal mqoa., c, mßfNdackh yd c,k,j,ska c,h wmf;a hdfï m%udKh'
• j¾. ógrhla i|yd fmdÿ f.dvke.s,sj,n,Yla;s mßfNdackh
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• iqÿiq wdydr iy fjk;a NdKav f;dard .ekSfï
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34 fidndfl;
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kd.ßlrKh ¦ yß; k.r ixl,amfha Wmixl,amhla f,i o ye`Èkafõ' 1993 jif¾ kjkd.ßlrK fldx.%ifha§ m%;sm;a;Ska oyhla yÿkajdfok ,§' tajd kï"
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• fudag¾ r:j, wdêm;Hfhka f;dr jq ksis mßÈjdyk kej;=ï wdÈh ia:dk.; l< m%foaY we;s lsßu
• ixl%uKh myiqlrjk ixj¾Okh
• ukd ks¾udKlrKhlska hq;= fmdÿ f.dvke.s,siy fmdÿ wjldYhka ifudaOdkslj k.rhks¾udKh lsßfï wruq‚ka ie,iqï l< ù§ ydf.dvke.s,s
• l=vd m%udKfha k.r tlsfklg hdlrk WoHdk"yd ixrlaIK bvï moaO;s we;s lsßu
• m%foaYhg wdfõ‚l ,laIK iy b;sydih ydne`ÿKq jdia;= úoHdkQl+, ks¾udK ixrlaIKh
• wju ldnka m%udKhla yd wju n,Yla;s Ndú;h
• mßir ys;ldñ yß; há;, myiqlï m%j¾Okh
• ck;djg ord.; yels úhoulska ksjdiwjYH;dj imqrd,Su" fukau
• fuu m%;sm;a;s u; ks¾udKh jQ ixl,am Tiafia
kj kd.ßl yß; m%foaY f.dvke.su" wdÈh ;=<ska;srir k.r ks¾udKh isÿflfrkq we;'
l=vd m%udKfha kd.ßl tall ms<sn|
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f,i f.dvke.s,s ks¾udKh" fmdÿ m%jdyk fiajd
u.ska ixl%uKhg myiq .ukd.uk moaO;s" ksoyfia
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yß; mßirh" jeis c, ixrlaIKh Tiafia isÿjk
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wkqj yß; fkajdisl l,dmhl tal mqoa., yß;d.dr
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wvqlr .; yelsh' tfukau fndfyda frda. ksjdrKh
flreKq wêl ia:q,;djh o md,kh lr .;a fi!LH
iïmkak ck;djla ìyslsßug yß; fkajdisl
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iudc wjYH;djhla o fõ'
yß; jd‚c kd.ßl l,dmhl $
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l,dmhl $ Èia;%slalhl iukaú; jk ;dlaI‚l yd
ie,iqï wx.hka o;a; igyk 02 u.ska oelafõ'
(Shannon Bouton, David Newsom And JonathanWoetzel, 2015
yß; k.r úfkdaodiajdo m%foaYhla f,i
f,dj meiiqug ,la ù we;' ta i|yd jk tla
WodyrKhla jkafka" fldßhdfõ isfhd,a kqjr
peka.sfvdka ̂ Cheonggyecheon& jHdmD;shhs' ishjiaNd.hlg jeä ld,hla" tkï 2003 jk f;la Èklg
jdyk 170"000la muK Odjkh jQ wêfõ. ud¾.h"
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5
H:\A Parisara Sobha Ketha\New environment\For Magazine\ _ docx
: Bouton, S., Newsome, D. and Woetzel, J., 2015. Building the cities of the future with green districts. McKinsey & Company: Business Functions.
jákdlu 40]lska jeäju o
isÿúh' fuu m%foaYh ;dkdhï"
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tfiau j¾I 2050 È yß;d.dr
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6
H:\A Parisara Sobha Ketha\New environment\For Magazine\ _ docx
Cheonggyecheon
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-
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6
H:\A Parisara Sobha Ketha\New environment\For Magazine\ _ docx
Cheonggyecheon
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rEm igyk 1 - fhdað; jHdmD;shg fmr wêfõ.S ud¾.h
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udÈ,sh mrK ùfuka fyda l,a
bl=;a ùfuka B<Õ mrïmrdj
úiska w;ayer lvd ìo ouk
úg tu ìï lv iy tys wn,s
øjH neyer,k ia:dkfha
mßirh yd ieioSfuka ksis
wjfndaOhla ,o yelsh'
kùk ksjilg wjYH
isfuka;s we;=¿ wuqøjH
nyq;rhla ksIamdokh lsÍu
fmdis, bkaOk oykh u;
/|S we;s neúka wm úiska
;nkakd jQ ner ldnksl msh
igyk ñys;,h WKqiqï lr
wk;=f¾ fy,ñka È.= ld,hla
fkduelS mj;skq we;' tfy;a
ueá ksjil isßh ñys;,hg
fkdoefkk ieye,a¨ msh
igyka u; b¢ ù we;s wisßh
n,kq uek'
oeä WIaK;ajhla
mj;sk uoaoykl§ jqj ueá
39
kùk ksjilg wjYH isfuka;s we;=¿ wuqøjH nyq;rhla ksIamdokh lsÍu fmdis, bkaOk oykh u; /|S we;s neúka wm úiska ;nkakd jQ ner ldnksl msh igyk ñys;,h WKqiqï lr wk;=f¾ fy,ñka È.= ld,hla fkduelS mj;skq we;' tfy;a ueá ksjil isßh ñys;,hg fkdoefkk ieye,a¨ msh igyka u; bos ù we;s wisßh
n,kq uek'
fidndfl;
ksjila ;=< isis,a kejqï njla w;a ú|.ekSug
yelsfõ' ksjfia ueá ì;a;s f.du ueá .E
f.ìu yd fiú,s øjHj, ishqï újr iys;
ieleiau ksid isÿjk jdhq ixirKhla" ksjiska
msg; mj;sk WKqiqï jd;fha wêl c, jdIam
m%udKhg idfmaËj ksji ;=<§ iúnr ueá
ì;a;s uÕska c,jdIam wjfYdaIkh lsÍu ksid
jd;fha wd¾ø;djh my; fy<Su uÕska isÿjk
iajdNdúl jdhq iuk l%shdj,sh uÕska fuu
isis,a kejqï nj we;s flf¾' mhg mEf.k
f.du ueá f.ìu tys we;s ishqï újr iys;
ieleiau ksid nquq ;=reKq" we;sre m,il
fkdue;s myiqjla w;a lr fohs' fmdf<dfõ
mh .id isàug ksji ;=<§ wjia:djla ,eî-
fuka YÍrfha iakdhq Woa§mkh ù weiaj,
fmkSu mjd hy;ska mj;ajd .ekSug odhl jk
nj .eñhkaf.a úYajdihhs'
rd;%S ld,fha § ksji we;=<; jdih
lrk úg wm YÍrfhka iy m%dYajdi jd;h
uÕska jd;hg tl;=jk c, jdIam iy wñysß
ÿÕo iys; jdIamYS,s wmøjH wjfYdaIkh lr
neyer,k iajdrËl moaO;shla f,i ueá
ì;a;s f.ìu iy fiú,s øjH iys; ksjfia
wNHka;r mßir l%shd lsÍu ksjeishkaf.a ks-
frda.S Ndjhg odhl fõ'
tfy;a iqúYd, Ëqø cSùka mrdihlg
f;da;ekakla f,i l%shd lrk f.du f.;=<
wdf,am lr ;sîu ksid jd;hg tl;= jk ishqï
f.du wxY= wmf.a YÍr .; ùu wys;lr fkd-
jkafka oehs l=l=ila Tng we;súh yelshs'
úúO;ajfhka hq;= tu Ëqø csùka f;d.h wm
YÍrhg we;=¿ ùfuka wm fkdokakd iqúYd,
fiajdjla wmg Wreu lrfok nj kùk
úoHd;aul m¾fhaIK uÕska ikd: ù we;'
fufia Ëqø csùkag YÍrh ksrdjrKh ùu
uÕska wmf.a YÍrfha m%;sYla;slrK moaO;shg
w;sYhska uqjy;a Ndjhg m;aj YÍrfha we;sjk
uQ,sl ms<sld ffi, l,a ;nd yÿkdf.k úkdY
lr oeóug iu;a jk nj wkdjrKh ù we;'
^;s,la rKisxy rplhd úiska New ScientistiÕrdj weiqrska 2008 cq,s 13 Èjhsk bßod
ix.%yh - ms<sldjg jeg n¢k tf`âr iqjh&
wo osk jk úg wm%lg wE; .ï
okõj, úfoaYslhka i|yd b¢j we;s f.du
ueá .E ksjdi iys; úÿ,sh we;=¿ kd.ßl my-
iqlï j,ska f;drj .eñ mßirhkays
mj;ajdf.k hk ixpdrl —.ï ueÈ fydag,a˜
j, whlsÍï ;re mfya fydag,j, wh lsÍï
blaujd f.dia we;' tu.ska úfoaYslhka
msßila wmf.a merKs cSjk jákdlï f;areï
f.k we;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ' mßir wd¾Ól úo-
Hdfõ b.ekafjk f.ùug we;s leue;a; ̂ Will-ingness to pay& ixl,amh weiqfrka f.du ueá
.E ksjil csj;a ùfï jákdlu by<ska
;lafiare lr ;sfnkjd fkdfõ o@
fuu oekqu wfma ixialD;sh úiska
jir oyia .Kkl isg wmg Wreu lr
fkdue;s o@ me/kafkda f.du ueá .Eu msßisÿ
lfï ixfla;hla f,i;a f.du iqjola f,i;a
ie,l=y' yrld ndk ksjdih wi,u .d,a lr
.;ay'
— lgq ueá .E ì;a;s mqrd m<sÕ= ueKsla t<sh Èf,a
f.du ueá .E f.ìu uf.a mshú,s nquq ;=reKq jf.a˜
—ljoo lgq ueá me,la ;kkafka
ljoo wgq fldgq mqrjd,kafka
ljoo uf.a mef,a n;la bfokafka
todg ueKslj me,g f.fkkafka ˜
by;ska oelajqfha wog;a ckm%sh ;rula
merKs .S;hka follska Wmqgd.;a fofldgils'
fujeks woyia wvx.= idys;H ks¾udK
fldf;l=;a riúkaokhg ,la fõ' tkhska
lshefjkqfha fi!kao¾hd;aul ñksid wmf.a
csjk jákdlï ms<sn| ;ju;a iú{a{dkl nj
fkdfõ o@
40 fidndfl;
cd;sl mdßißl f;dr;=re uOHia:dkfhka mdGl Tng iqn wdrxÑhla''''
uOHu mßir wêldßh u.ska §¾> ld,hla ;siafia mj;ajdf.k tk ,o mdßißl
f;dr;=re ,nd§fï iïu; l%ufõo iuÕska kj f,dj ;dlaI‚l m%jK;d iuÕ taldnoaO
fjñka wka;¾cd, fiajdjka Tiafia b;d flá ld,hlska mdßißl f;dr;=re ,nd§ug mshjr
f.k we;' mdßißl idlaIr;dj m%j¾Okh u.ska mßir ixrlaIKh Wfoid Y%S ,dxflah mqr-
jeishka ;jÿrg;a oekqñka fmdaIKh lsßug fujeks kj fiajdjka fya;=jkq fkdwkqudkh'
cd;sl mdßißl f;dr;=re uOHia:dkfha úoHq;a fiajd ;ekam;=j ^e Repository&
uOHu mßir wêldßh úiska m%ldYs; ish¿u m%ldYk iïmq¾Kfhkau lshúh yels
wdldrhg ilia lr" CEA e Repository hk o;a; mokug we;=<;a lr we;' www.cea.lk hk
uOHu mßir wêldßfha fjí msgqj ;=<ska fyda" librepo.cea.lk hk fjí ,smskh uÕska fuu
e Repository hg we;=,aúh yel' t;=,ska mßir kS;s fr.=,dis" mßir .%ka:" mdßißl m%dfoaYSh
me;slv" ;dlaI‚l yd m¾fhaIK jd¾;d fukau m%jD;a;s m;%j, m<jk mßir ,sms yd iÕrd
,sms wdÈh o úu¾Ykh l< yels fõ' tfiau uOHu mßir wêldßfha fmdaiag¾" m;%sld jeks
m%j¾Ok uQ,dY% o läkïj yd myiqfjka fuu e Repository hg we;=<;a ù oekqu ,nd.;
yels wdldrfhka ilia lr we;'
tu fjí wvúfha uq,a msgqfjys wdlD;sh my; i|yka fõ'
41fidndfl;
e Repository
CEA e Repository librepo.cea.lk
e Repository
e Repository
ljodj;a ñksiqkaf.a w;S;fhka Tjqkaj ukskak tmd'
ñksiaiq bf.k .kakjd'ñksiaiq fjkia fjkjd'
- wdpd¾h wíÿ,a l,dï -
uE; ld,Sk Y%S ,dxlShiudch ;=< w;sYh ckm%sahfuu .S;h ms<sn|j mßirixrlaIKfõ§ oDIaÀhlskahula ,sùfï wjYH;dj ud;=< cks; jQfha wo Bfhafkdfõ' mßirh ms<sn|jks;r ks;r wykakg olskakg,efnk jHikldÍ ixisoaêjeäjk ;rug r;ak Y%SúfÊisxyhka rpkd l<" fr-dayK ùrisxyhka ix.S;j;al<" lreKdr;ak Èjq,a.fkaYs,amshdKka .dhkd lrkfuu .S;h wfma yoj;aj,glrk n,mEu b;d by<h'mßirh /l .ekSfï
wjYH;dj ms<sn|j wuq wuqfõlrk lE flda .eiSï"Woaf>daIK" úfrdaO;d wdÈhgjvd fjkia uqyqKqjrlskafyj;a ks¾udKd;aul ikaks-fõok Wmdhud¾.slm%fõYhla Tiafia Y%S ,dxlShrisl iudchg fuu .S;huÕska lrk n,mEï w;súYsIag jQjls'
os.= l,l mgka mßirúIh lafIa;%fha jD;a;slhkaf,iska l%shd;aul jk wmjekakka yg fujeks .S;uÕska ,nd fok fmdaIKhfyj;a Èrs .ekaùu w;sYhskajeo.;a jqjls' r;ak Y%SùfÊisxyhka hkq b;d ix-hufhka hqla;j Y%S ,dxlShck iudcfha ks, w,a,ñkafndfyda fokdj ;u wKilghg;a l< yels uyd úYajl¾ulúfhls' .S; rplfhls' tfiaks, we,a,Su i|yd jk Ys,amshyrUh Tyq m%.=K lr we;af;auQ,dY% lsysmhla Tiafiah' bkam%Odk jkafka NdIdjhs' iyDock;dj w,a,d fudaykhg m;al< yels ir, jQ;a" ruKShjQ;a" w¾: iïmkak jQ;a NdId-
jla r;ak Y%S ùfÊisxyhkai;=ùu Tyq ,o Nd.Hlg jvdth wm ,o Nd.Hhls'
fuf,i .S;h ;=<skauyd m%d;syd¾hla mEu i|ydr;ak Y%S ùfÊisxyhka Ndú;dlrk ;j;a uQ,dY% m%jdyhlajkafka ck ú{dkhhs' tkïY%S ,dxlSh ck iudcfha yo.eiafï rdjh fyj;a yDoiamkaokh isÿjk wdldrhfukau ta i|yd wjYH jkakdjq udkqISh fmdaIKh l=ula ohkak ms<sn|j Tyqg;sfnkakd jQ iú{dksl njhs';j;a uQ,dY% Odrdjla f,iskaoelaúh yelafla fn!oaOidys;H b;sydih ms<sn|j;sfnkakd jQ mßK; oekquhs'uy.u fialrhka m%lg l<ir, jQ;a" m%N, jQ;a ri mQ¾Kyd w¾:mQ¾K NdId Ndú;hwoH;k iudcfha w;s iqkaorwhqßka Ndú;d lrk .S;rplhdfKda jkdys r;ak Y%SùfÊisxyfhdah'
mßir ixrlaIKhhk f;audj kq;k iudcfhakka foiska uyd f>daIdjlwdldrfhka wm fj; ikaks-
42 fidndfl;
—uf.a ÿfõ Tn wjêfhka kï - fï /fha ñysßu fj,djhs˜ .S;h
fi!kao¾h úkaokhg;a" mßir ixrlaIKhg;a wmqre fm<Uùuls'
uf. ÿfõ Tn wjosfhka kïfï /fha ñysßu fj,djhsfodr werka t<shg wdfjd;skafï ñysß foaj,a Tnguhs
fiamd,sld u,a ìug neye,d weúoskak hk fj,djhsks,a ;drld ìu n,df.kjeõ oshg fmï neos fj,djhs
fï fmdf<dj fl;rï iqkaorouf. ¥ ;kshu yskdfjhs
.k l¨jrg fmï lf<d;abr y`o ;re j,g Kh .e;shsf,dj ÿkakq foaj,a wo wmsgfyg f,djg fmr,d osh hq;=hs
Tn fï f,djg wdofrhs kïuq`M f,dju Tng;a wdofrhs
.S; rpl (- r;ak YS% úfÊisxyix.S;h (- frdayK ùrisxy.dhkh (- lreKdr;ak osjq,a.fka
fõokh jk w;r tajd ms<sn|j mq¿,a oDIaÀhlskan,d úu¾Ykd;aul ú.%yhl fhfok úg§meyeos,s jkqfha mßir ¥IKh ;j ;j;aW.%ùug tajdo fya;=jk njhs' fujka miq;,hlmßir ixrlaIKh i|yd kq;k nyq NdKaäliudcfha j,au;aj isák Y%S ,dxlSh mqrjeishd;=< ljr f,ilska fyda l< hq;af;a Tyq ;=<ieÕj isák wdOHd;añl ñksid u;= lsÍuhs'm%o¾Ykd;aul wruqKlskaa msx oyï lrkjdgjvd wIaGf,dal O¾uh jgyd.ksñka" mkais,a momy wdrlaId lsÍu ;=< jeä M,odhS;ajhla mj;S'
fuu w¾:fhka i,lk úgoS r;ak Y%SùfÊisxyhka rpkd lrk ,o—uf.a ÿfõ Tnwjêfhka kï˜ .S;h o Y%Sa ,dxlSh mqrjeishkaf.aYÍrh ;=< ieÕj isák" mßir ixrlaIKhWfoid uq¿ukskau lemùula l< yelswdOHd;añl ñksid u;= lsÍug ork ,o iqúfYaIsm%h;akhla f,iska oelaúh yel'
—uf.a ÿfõ Tn wjêfhka kï
fï /fha ñysßu fj,djhs
fodr werka t<shg wdfjd;ska
fï ñysß foaj,a Tnguhs˜
mshdKkaf.a pß;hg iuje§ isákl:lhd fuys § ;u ÈhKshg b;du ixhufhka"wdorfhka yd W;=rd hk lreKd .=Kfhkafukau myka iajrfhka wdrdOkd lrkqfha/hla úiska f,dalhg ujdmdk" w;s iqkaor;ajhú£ug tkak lshdh' kq;k mrïmrdfõ ÿ ore-jka b;d wúfõlSj" úúO jQ udkisl jHdê ;=<
isrù lD;%su cSú; .; lrk lKavdhula neõwm ljqre;a okakd lreKls' th wfma ore-jkaf.a je/oaola fkdj fï l%ufha je/oaola njo f;areï .; hq;=h' tjka wùfõlS udkisluÜgul isák ;u ÈhKshg fï mshd wdrdOkdlrkafka f.hs fodr werf.k t<shg tkaklshd fkdj" fï iudc lv;=rdfjka kslaóf,dal fi!kao¾hh ú£ug ierfikak lshdh'—uf.a ÿfõ˜hk wduka;%Kh w;s úYsIag jkafkata ;=< ÈhKshg meyer yersh fkdyels ms;Dfifkyiska f,ka.;= jQ wdor nr wduka;%Khla.eíj we;s neúks'
yd;ami mßirh iqj|ska kyjd,ñkafiamd,sld u,a msfmkqfha rd;%shgh' fiamd,sldu,a uÕska mßirhg lrkafka ljrdldrn,mEula o lshd ú|skak kï f,dalh ksÈ.;amiqj t<shg neye,d rd;%shg mßirfha ;sfnk"wfma mxp bkaøshkag iDcqj b,lal fkdjk uydfi!kao¾h m%jdyh fld;rï úYauh cklohkak r;ak Y%S olajkqfha —fiamd,sld u,a ìugneye,d weúÈkak hk fj,djhs˜ hkqfjka oe-laùfuks' fuh w;sYH ks¾udKd;aul jQ úYsIagNdId Ndú;djls' iuia; úYajfhau mj;skjia;+ka wfkHdkH jYfhka tlsfklg ne|Swe;s wdldrh"
—ks,a ;drld ìu n,df.k
jeõ Èhg fmï ne£ fj,djhs ˜
hk ri mQ¾K w¾: mq¾K" jpk ud,dfjkalshdmdhs' fï pu;aldr ckl ri m%jdyh ú|.ekSug ÈhKshg lrk wdrdOkh ;=<
43fidndfl;
;sfnkqfha wmg fidndoyñka Wreuj ;sfnkfï wmQre mßirh ú|.kak lshkakd jQmKsúvh fkdfõo@
úN+;s N+IK nkafOd;amdOHdh hkbka§h f,aLlhd úiska rpkd lrk ,o—wrKlg fmï ne|˜ kï jQ kjl;dfõ m%Odkpß;h jQ i;Hj¾K kï ;reKhd jkdka;rwdY%s; mßirhl rd;%sfha ;sfnk fi!kao¾hú£fuka wdOHd;añl jYfhka iïmQ¾Kmßj¾;khlg ,lajk wdldrh fuys § isyshgkef.kqfha ksrdhdifhks'
r;ak Y%Sf.a .S;fhka lshfjk mßÈmßirh ú£fuka muKla fï iïnkaOhwjika jkafka ke;' Tyq wjOdrKh lrkB<Õ ldrKdj hkq w;sYhkau jeo.;a jQjls'
—>k l¿jrg wm fmï lf<d;a
br" y| ;rej,g Kh .e;shs
f,dj ÿkak foaj,a wo wmsg
fyg f,djg fmr<d Èh hq;=hs˜
mfrdamldrh fyj;a l< .=K ie,lSuhk W;=ï .+Kdx.h fuys § úfÊisxyhka u;lalr fokqfha w;s m%N, jQ ixfla;d;aul w¾:mrdihla u;= lrñks' wms l¿jf¾ isáñkaa thúkaokh lrkqfha ta fudfydf;a br" y|";drld fkdue;s ksidh' tneúka fidnd oyfïtu jia;=kag wms Kh.e;s úh hq;= fkdfõ o@wm .re l< hq;= fkdfõ o@ tu ksid f,djwmsg fidndoyñka ;s<sK lr ;sfnk fïish¨u odhdohkag wms hula l< hq;= fkdfõo@ mßir ixrlaIKh hkq fuhhs' ;dlaIKsljpk yrU lrñka uyck;djg fkdf;afrkfoaYk lrñka uyd jHdl+, jQ ixlS¾K;ajhlg
m;alr we;s mßir ixrlaIK mKsúvh w;sir,dldr fukau pu;aldr ckl wdldrfhkafuu .S;h Tiafia r;ak Y%S úfÊisxyhkauqodyer we;s wdldrh w;s úYsIagh'
2004 j¾Ifha oS iqkdñh Y%S ,xldjgn,mE wjia:dfõ furg fjr<nv l,dmhg isÿjQ úkdYH w;s m%N, tlls' tfia jQj;a fjr<udhsfï lfvd,dk Ydl" jegflhshd Ydlfukau li Ydl ;snQ ;ekaj,g isÿ jQ ydkshb;d w,amh' ukao m%N, iqkdñfha Yla;shgndOdjla f,iska tlS Ydl jeiau l%shd;aul jQksid iqkdñfha Yla;sh rg ;=<g .kafkake;sj" kej;;a id.rhg uqod yerSug tu yß;jeiau l%shd;aul úh' wms mßirh wdrlaId l<ksid ta ta ia:dkhka ys § wms o wdrlaId ùuq'tjka jQ Wodr ld¾hNdrhla Wfoid mßir ixr-laIKh hk ikd:k oyu fkao r;ak Y%Súfcaisxyhka"
—fï f,djg Tn wdof¾ kï
uq¿ f,dju Tng;a wdofrhs ˜
hkqfjka lshdmdkqfha
fï .S;h i|yd wdpd¾h frdayKùrisxyhkaf.a T!Ñ;H .=Kfhka fmdfydi;aix.S;h jf.au" myka iajrfhka" Y%jK ruKShwdldrfhka .S;h .dhkd lrk lreKdr;akÈjq,a.fka YS,amshdKkaf.a .dhkd uysuh;aúYsIag .S;hla ks¾udKhg odhl ù we;'
—fï f,djg Tn wdof¾ kï-
uq¿ f,dju Tng;a wdofrhs˜
44 fidndfl;
iqks,a Wvql,
fidndoyu wOHkh lrkak' fidndoyug wdorh lrkak' fidndoyug iómj isákak'
ñksiqkag iómj isák úg fuka fkdj" túg Tn flosklj;a lïmdjg m;a fkdjkq we;'
- *%Ekala f,dhsâ rhsÜ -
w;r udislj yd jd¾Islj tla /iajk tu idud-csl;ajh i|yd foaYSh ixialD;sldx." úoaj;afoaYK" ta ta jhia ldKav i|yd úúO ;r. wdoshixúOdkh lrkq ,nhs'
fï wdldrhg fjk;a m%cdixúOdkj,g o iduqyslj ;u idudcsl;ajhoekqj;a lsÍu" cSj jdhq ksIamdokh" mßir ys;ldó .uka u¨ ,ndoSu uÕskafmd,s;Ska Ndú;h wju lsÍu jeks ld¾hhka
i|yd Þhl úh yelsh'
mßirfha hy meje;au fjkqfjka ;ksjfyda lKavdhula f,i l%shd lrk w;r ;ksj fydalKavdhula f,i mßir úkdYhg fya;= jkfudku fyda ld¾hhl ksr; fkdùug j. n,d.ekSu mqrjeis wm ieuf.a hq;=lu fjhs'
mqrjeishkaf.a ld¾hNdrh
à ;uka tosfkod isÿlrk l%shdldrlï" mßirÿIKhg bjy,a úh yels wdldrh ms<sn|jwjfndaO lr thska je<lSug lghq;= lr tuÕska,efnk m%;s,dn ljf¾oehs wka wh oekqïj;alsÍu'
à mßir ÿIKh md,kfhys ,d oekg mj;skwdh;ksl rduqj" ;dlaIKsl yd ffk;sl miqìums<sn|j oekqïj;aùu'
à ;ukaf.a reÑ wreÑ lï" mdßfNdack rgdj"iïm;a mßyrKfhaoS isÿ lrk f;dard .ekSïi|yd .kq ,nk ;SrK wkqj ckkh jkwmøjHj, m%udKd;aul yd .=Kd;aul njflf;la ÿrg mßir ÿIKh isÿ lsÍug bjy,ajkafka o hkak ms<sn|j fyd|ska úuid n,d" yg.kakd ia:dkfhaoSu fjka fldg (sort out ) 3Rixl,amh l%shd;aul lr" ;u f.j;a;$wdh;kh mßY% ;=<oSu >k wmøjH l<ukdl-rKh lsÍug (Gaby concept) lghq;= lsÍu'
à ;u m%foaYfha mj;sk kshñ; lghq;="Wmf,aLk .; wmøjH yd kqiqÿiq ia:dkj,ia:dk.; lr we;s l¾udka; j,ska" mSvdldrS;;a;ajhla yg f.k we;akï l¾udka;lrejkakshñ; ud¾.hg fhduq lsÍug Tjqka yd ukdiïnkaO;djhla mj;ajd .ksñka iqyoYS,sj ydidlÉcd ud¾.fhka ;dlaIKsl jeä oshqKq lsÍïi|yd Tjqka fhduq lr .ekSu yd úl,am ia:dkfidhd .ekSug l¾udka; lre fhduq lrjd.eksug fkdyels kï ;ksj$iduqyslj mßirÿIKh md,khg tfrysj mshjr .ekSu'
à jdyk OdjkfhaoS ßhÿrka Yío yd jdhq ÿIKmd,k m%ñ;Ska fkdi,lk nj ksÍlaIKh
jkafka kï ta ms<sn|j fudag¾ r: flduidßiackrd,a jrhd oekqj;a lsÍu'
à ;ud csj;a jk m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY ;=<l¾udka; ia:dk.; lsÍu i|yd bvïmßyrKh ms<sn| iaÓr m%;sm;a;shla we;s lr.ekSu i|yd uyck ksfhdacs;hska fmd<Ujd.ekSug lghq;= lsÍu'
à tfukau ;u m%foaYfha isÿjk ixj¾Oklghq;= yd fjk;a ls%hdldrlï ms<sn| wjOd-kfhka isáñka mdßißl n,mEï we.hSïj,oStys uyck woyia úuiSfï wjia:djkaj,g ;uwoyia yd fhdackd ,nd oSu'
à uQ,sl mdßißl we.hSula (IEE) isÿlr oekgia:dk .; lr we;s kshñ; jHdmD;s j,ska"wkfmalaIs; mdßißl n,mEï isÿjkafka kïmdßißl n,mEï we.hSula (EIA) isÿlrk f,iwod< wxY fhduq lr f.k ;u woyia m<lsÍug wjia:dj Wodlr .ksñka l¾udka;lre-jka ksis uÕg fhduq lrùu'
à ;u m%foaYfha mj;sk wdrlaIs; yd fjk;awK mk;a uÕska wdjrKh jk mdßißl ixfõoSm%foaY ;=< wjir ,;a Ndú;hka yd wkjirl%shd ljf¾oehs y÷kd f.k kS;s úfrdaë l%shd-jka ms<sn|j wod< wxY jydu oekqj;a lsÍu'
fmdÿ jia;=jla jk mßirhg ydksmeñK ùu wmrdO .Kfha ,d ie,flk jrolaneúka pkaoodhlhdf.a N+ñldfjka Tíng f.diarg yd wkd.; mrmqr fjkqfjka ;ukaf.ka bgqúh hq;= j.lSu ms<sn|j mq¿,aj is;d n,d lghq;=lsÍug ;jÿrg;a m%udo úh hq;= ke;'
45fidndfl;27 msgqfjka
32 msgqfjka
Tn okakjdo@2016 j¾Ifha f,dalh mqrd ckkh jQ bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH m%udKh fuá%la fgdkañ,shk 44'7 la nj;a th f.dv .eiq l, whs*,a l=¿kq 4500 lg iu l< yels nj;amejfia' tfiau f,dalfha cSj;ajk iEu mqoa.,fhl=u j¾Ihlg o< jYfhkabf,lafg%dksl wmøjH lsf,da.%Eï 07lg wdikak m%udKhla ckkh lrkq ,efí'
j¾;udkfha§ iuia; mDÒúhg;a f,dajeisckhdg;a wmøjH l<ukdlrKh hk wNsfhda.hguqyqK §ug isÿ ù we;' f.da,ShlrKh"ld¾ñlrKh yd kùlrKh fya;=fjkabf,lafg%dksl WmlrK mßfNdackh jeäfjñkamj;sk f,dalfha bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH ckkhùuo YS>%fhka j¾Okh fjñka mj;S'
bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH hkq cSjld,h wjikajQ miq kej; Ndú; l< fkdyels fyda w¿;ajeähdl< fkdyels wmøjH f,i neyer lrk ,obf,lafg%dksl yd úoaHq;a WmlrK fyda tu WmlrKfldgiah'
2012 j¾IfhaoS hqfrdamd ixúOdkh úiskaksl=;a lrk ,o úoaHq;a yd bf,lafg%dksl wmøjHms<sno ud¾f.damfoaYkfha i|yka wdldrhgbf,lafg%dksl Wmdx. fldgia 06lg fjkalr oe-laúh yelsh'
B'tï't,a' lkai,agkaÜ mqoa.,sl wdh;khúiska uOHu mßir wêldßh iuÕ tlaj isÿlrk,o wOHhkhlg wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ ckkh jkjd¾Isl úoaHq;a yd bf,lafg%dkslwmøjH m%udKh fuá%la fgdka20"000 - 25"000 ;a w;r fõ' kuq;awdkhksl úoaHq;a ydbf,lafg%dksl NdKav m%udKhYS>%fhka j¾Okh ùu;a tajdfhawdhqld,h wjika jQ miq rg ;=<tu wmøjH tla/ia ùu;a hk.eg¨ Èfkka Èk j¾Okh fjñkamj;S'
Tn;aa bf,lafg%dksl wmøjHkayswka;¾.; WmøjldÍ wmøjH ydtys n,mEï .ek oekqj;ao@
bf,lafg%dksl wmøjHhka yswka;¾.; jk WmøjldÍ úI øjHuÕska mdßißl yd fi!LHuhjYfhka b;du;a wys;lr n,mEïwe;s úh yels nj fidhd f.kwe;' úoaHq;a yd bf,lafg%dkslwmøjHj, wka;¾.; WmøjldÍúI wmøjH úúO fldgiaj,gfjka l< yelsh'
WodyrK"
I' ye,ckSlD; ixfhda. - PCB ^fmd,slaf,darsfkagânhs*skhs,a&" PBBE ^fmd,s fn%dïfkagâ nhs*skhs,a b;¾&" PBB ^fmd,s fn%dïfkagânhs*skhs,a&" CFCs ^laf,dafrda *af,dafrda ldnka&
II' nerf,day-Bhï Pb" riosh Hg" wdiksl As"leâñhï Cd
III' úlsrKYS,s øjH -wefußishï Am
IV' fjk;a øjH - fgdak¾ wxY= jeks
46
wxlh ldKavh WodyrK
1 WIaK;ajh yqjudre
WmlrKh
YS;lrK hka;%" wêYS;lrK hka;%"
jdhq mólrK hka;%"f¾äfhag¾
2 ;srhka (Screen)" fud-ksgr iy fi'ó 100 g
jvd jeä u;=msg ;sr
iys; Wmdx.
rEmjdysks hka;%" fudksg¾" ,emafgdma
hka;%
3 n,an$úÿ,s myka m%;s§ma; myka" CFL"LED n,an
4 úYd, WmlrKfrÈ fidaok hka;%" msÕka fidaok
hka;%"ix.S; WmlrK"úYd, cdhd
msgm;a hka;%
5 l=vd WmlrKúÿ,s bia;%Slal"úÿ,s fla;,"úoaHq;a .Kl
hka;%" f¾äfhdaj"bf,lafg%dksl fi,a,ï
nvq"l%Svd WmlrK" ffjoH WmlrK
6 l=vd f;dr;=re;dlaIKsl iy úÿ,sixfoaY WmlrK^ndysr u;=msg fi'ó'50g wvq&
ÿrl:k" GPS hka;" ÿrl:k"
mrs.Kl" uqøK hka;%" rjqgr
bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH ydkshy÷kd .ksuq ls%hd;aul fjuq
fuu øjH j,ska fndfyduhlawdydr odu Tiafia ñksia isrer ;=<idkaø ù fyda wdYajdifhkaiam¾Yfhka fyda isrerg we;=¿ ùms<sld" iakdhq wdndO" jl=.vqwdndO yd m%;sYla;SlrKmoaO;sfha wdndO wdÈh we;s lsÍugfya;= fõ' tfiau fuu úI øjHmdßißl jYfhka c, uq,dY%¥IKh lsrsu" jdhq ¥IKh" ́ fidakaúhk ;=kS lsÍu yd wjidkjYfhka wys;lr jQ foaY.=Kslúm¾hdi we;s lsrSug fya;= fõ'
Y%S ,xldfõ bf,lafg%dkslwmøjH l<ukdlrKh i|yd
jk kS;suh rduqj
Y%s ,xldj 1992 j¾Ifha §WmøjldÍ wmøjH neyer lsrsuiy tajd foaY iSud Tiafiam%jdykh md,kh lsÍu ms<sn|cd;Hka;r iïuq;Ska jk ndi,aiïuq;shg w;aika lrk ,§' ndi,aiïuq;shg w;aika lrk ,omd¾Yjhka w;r meje;s yhjkiïfï,kfha § .kq ,enq;SrKhla u; wdishd *eis*slal,dmh ;=< wjOdkh fhduq l<m%uqL;u lreKla f,i úoaHq;a ydbf,lafg%dksl wmøjH l<ukdl-rKh flfrys wjOdkh fhduqúh' Y%S ,xldj ;=< 1980 wxl 47ork cd;sl mdßißl mkf;ysm%;smdokj,g wkqj 2008'02'01Èke;s iy 1534$18 ork .eiÜ ks-fõokfha WmøjldÍ wmøjHl<ukdlrKh lsÍug kS;sfr.=,diS mkjk ,§'
tu fr.=,diSj,g wkqjúoaHq;a yd bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH oWmøjldÍ wmøjhla f,ig kïlr we;' ta wkqj tys i|yka
N d ú ; f h k abj;a lrk ,omß.Kl ydWmdx." cx.uÿrl:k ish¨unegß ydm%;s§ma; úÿ,smyka hkw m ø j H h k ackkh lsÍu"tl;= lsrSu"m % j d y k h "m%;spl%SlrKh"ksIalrKh yd
wmyrKh i|yd uOHu mßirwêldßfhka Wmf,aLk .;wmøjH l<ukdlrK n,m;%h,nd.; hq;=h'
Ndú;h wju lsÍu uÕskaW;amdokh jk bf,lafg%dkslwmøjH m%udKh wvq jqj oj¾;udk f,dalfha th b;d wiSrefohla fõ' tu ksid kej; Ndú;dl< yels WmlrK Ndú;h fydawjYH;djka we;smqoa.,hskag mß;Hd. lsÍuisÿ l< yelsh' uyd mßud-Kfhka mßir ¥IKhisÿlrkq ,nkl¾udka;hla jkbf,lafg%dksl wmøjH"m%;spl%ShlrK l¾udka;hi|yd oshqKq kj ;dlaIKhfhdod.; hq;= neúka tjeksl¾udka; Y%S ,xldj ;=<fkdue;' Y%S ,xldfõ isÿ lrkq,nkafka tl;= lr .kakdbf,lafg%dksl wmøjH fjkajYfhka ldKavj,g fjka lr
w;ska fyda hka;% uÕska fldgialr m%;spl%ShlrKh lsÍu i|ydfjk;a rgj,g wmkhk lsÍuhs'ksis l<ukdlrKhg Y%S ,xld-fjka úoaHq;a yd bf,lafg%dkslwmøjH fjk;a rgj,g wmkhklsÍug wjir we;s kuq;al¾udka;j,g wuqøjH f,i fuuwmøjH fjk;a rgj,ska wdkhkhlsÍu m%;sm;a;suh jYfhka ;ykïlr we;'
by; idlÉPd lr we;sl%u ;=k jk wju lsÍu" kej;Ndú;h yd m%;splS%hlrKhuÕskau l<ukdlrKh isÿ l<fkdyels wmøjH j,ska fldgilawê WIaK;aj oykh uÕskawjidk neyer,Su isÿ l< yel'tfia o isÿ l< fkdyels øjH wdr-laIs; li< r|jkhl ;ekam;alsÍu isÿ l< hq;=h' kuq;a wm rg;=< ;ju;a WmøjldÍ wmøjHi|yd wdrlaIs; li< r|jkhlafkdue;sùu .eg¿jls'
bf,lafg%dksl wmøjHl<ukdlrKhg uOHu
mßir wêldÍfha odhl;ajh
uOHu mßirwêldßh úiskab f,l a f g % d k s lwmøjH l<ukdl-rKh isÿlrkwdh;khka ysm%ñ;Ska Wmf,aLk.; wmøjHl < u k d l r Kn,m;% ksl=;a lsÍuyryd kshdukhlrkq ,nhs' tun , m ; % , d N Sw d h ; k j ,f;dr;=re hïflfkl=g wjYHjkafka kï uOHu
47fidndfl;
2
I. - PCB ( ), PBDE), PBB , CFCs ( )
II. - Pb, Hg, As, Cd
III. - Am
IV. -
bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH l<uKdlrKh lsÍfï ¥rdj,sh
Ndú;h wju lsÍu
kej; Ndú;h
m%;spl%SlrKh
wê WIaK;ajoykh
wdrlaIs; li< rojk
mßir wêldÍfha fjí msgqfjka ,nd .; yelshs'(www.cea.lk)tfiau Y%s ,xldfõ mßir ixrlaIKh ydl<ukdlrKh i|yd jQ m%Odk rdcH wdh;khf,i uOHu mßir wêldßh úiska úoaHq;a ydbf,lafg%dksl wmøjH l<ukdlrKh hkwNsfhda.hg uqyqK §u i|yd fjk;a rdcH ydfm!oa.,sl wxYfha wdh;k iuÕ tlaj fkdfhl=;ajevigyka isÿlrñka mj;s'
2009 j¾Ifha oS uOHu mßir wêldßh ydvhf,d.a wdh;kh tlaj bj;,k cx.u ÿrl:kksis l<ukdlrKhg fhduq lsÍu i|yd jevi-gykla mj;ajd f.k hk ,§' tys § Èjhsk mqrdmsysá vhf,d.a wdflaâ iy n,h,;a ksfhdacs;wdh;k 272 la bj;,k cx.u ÿrl:k tl;=lsÍfï uOHia:dkh f,i mj;ajd f.k hk ,È'tl;= jQ cx.u ÿrl:k ksis whqrska l<ukdl-rKhg fhduq lrjk ,È'
2010 j¾Ifha oS rdcH yd fm!oa.,slwdh;k 14 la iuÕ uOHu mßir wêldßh wjfn-daO;d .súiqulg t<Uqkq w;r ta hgf;a Èjhsk mqrdbf,lafgd%ksl wmøjH tla/ia lsÍfï uOHia:dk300 lska muK iukaú; tla /ia lsÍfï cd,hlamj;ajd f.k hk ,È' fuu jevigyfka §bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH fuá%la fgdka 55la muKtla /ia l< w;r tajd n,m;%,dNS wdh;k yrydm%;spl%SlrKhg fhduq lrk ,È'
ksfjiaj, fukau rdcH yd fm!oa.,slwdh;kj, tl;= ù we;s bf,lafg%dksl wmøjHksis l<ukdlrKhg fhduq lsÍfï woyiska 2011j¾Ifha oS bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH tla /ialsÍfïjevigyka 02la mj;ajk ,È' tys m<uq jevigyk2011 j¾Ifha wfm%a,a 07 Èk kdrdfyakamsg Yd,sldl%Svd msáfha § mj;ajk ,È' tys § bf,lafg%dkslwmøjH fuá%la fgdka 03 la tl;= lsÍug yels úh'fuys m%pdrK lghq;= mqj;am;a oekaùï" w;am;%sldyd .=jka úÿ,s m%pdrl jevigyka uÕska isÿ lrk,È' fojk jevigyk 2011 cqks ui 11 Èk fld<Umsysá fykaß fmaøsla l%Svdx.kfha § meje;ajQ w;rtys § bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH fuá%la fgdka 42 latla /iaúh' fufia tl;= lr .kakd ,o wmøjHn,m;%,dNS wdh;k yryd m%;spl%SlrKh fhduqlrk ,È
2014 j¾Ifha § uOHu mßir wêldßh—cd;sl iyfhda.S;d bf,lafg%dksl wmøjHl<ukdlrK jevigyk˜ l%shd;aul l< w;r tys§ 2014 uehs 27 isg Pqks 02 olajd bf,lafg%dkslwmøjH yd fmd,s;Ska msgq oelSfï i;shla kï lrk,È' fuu jevigyk hgf;a uOHu mßirwêldßh ;j;a rdcH wdh;k yd fm!oa.,slwdh;k iuÕ tlaj osia;%sla 25 u wdjrKh jk fia§m jHdma; bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH tla/ia lsÍfïjevigyka l%shd;aul lrk ,È' tys oS tla/ialr.kq ,enq bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH fuá%la fgdka
311 l m%udKhla mßir ys;ldó f,im%;spl%SlrKh lrk ,È'
2015 j¾Ifha § uOHu mßir wêldßhtlai;a cd;Ska f.a ixj¾Ok jevigyk (UNDP)iuÕ tlaj l%shd;aul lrk ,o —mú;% .xÕd je-vigyk˜ hgf;a le,Ks .Õ wdY%s;j msysá j;a;,"lvqfj," iS;djl yd le,Ksh hk m<d;a md,kwdh;khka ys § bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH tla /ialsÍfï tla Èk jevigyka mj;ajk ,È'
tfiau uOHu mßir wêldßh úiska Èjhs-fka fndfyda m%foaYhka wdjrKh jk mßÈbf,lafg%dksl wmøjH l<ukdlrKhiïnkaOfhka mdi,a <uqka yd ck;dj oekqj;alsÍfï jevuq¿ meje;aùu o lrkq ,nhs' ógwu;rj bÈrsfha§ ish¿ úoaHq;a yd bf,lafg%dkslWmlrK ksmojkakka" wdkhklrejka ydwf,úlrejka cd, .; fldg Ndú;fhka bj;,kbf,lafg%dksl wmøjH kej; tu wdh;k j,g,nd .ekSfï jevigykla ieliSug mshjr f.kwe;s w;r fuys oS Ndú;fhka wk;=rej tuwdh;kj,g ,ndfok bf,lafg%dksl wmøjHfjkqfjka mdßfNd.slhska i`oyd m%;s,dN ,nd oSfïjevms<sfj,la ls%hd;aul flf¾' tfiau m<d;amd,k wdh;k iuÕ tl;= ù bf,lafg%dkslwmøjH tl;= lsÍug iEu udihlg fyda i;shlgoskhla fjka lsÍug o ie,iqï lr we;'
Y%S ,xldj ;=< bf,lafg%dksl wmøjHl<ukdlrKh h:d¾:hla lr .ekSug kï tuøjH wksis f,i neyer lsÍu isÿfkdfldg by;l%ufõo Tiafia úêu;a l%shdj,shla ;=<ska ksisl<ukdlrKhg fhduq lsÍu ck;djf.a j.lSufõ'
48 fidndfl;
4
UNDP
References:-
1. The Global E Waste Monitor 2017 Quantities, Flows & Resources authored by Balde, C.P., Forti, V., Grays, V., Kuehr, R., Stegmann, p.
2. E - Waste Management In Sri Lanka by Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management studies & Commerce, University of Sri Jayewardenepura
yrskaøS m%kdkaÿmßir ks<Odß
WmøjldÍ wmøjH yd ridhk l<ukdlrK tallhuOHu mßir wêldßh
Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSu iy hq.fha wjYH;dj
Y%S ,xldj ;=, mßir l<ukdlrKlafIa;%fha mj;sk W!k;d yÿkd.ekSfukawk;=rej tu W!k;d msßuid,Su i|yd uE;l§yÿkajd foñka mj;sk fuj,uls Wmdhud¾.slmdßißl we.hSu ^Strategic Environmental As-sessment - SEA&' Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißlwe.hSu hkq l=ulao@ tys Ndú;hka ljf¾ohkak idlÉPd lsÍug m%:ufhka Y%S ,xldfõmdßißl ks;Sfha úldYkh ms<sn|j wjOdkhfhduq lsÍu ldf,daÑ;h'
cd;sl mdßißl mk; uÕska 1981jif¾ § m¾fhaIK" wOHhk" WmfoaYl ydm%j¾Ok wdh;khla f,i msysgqjkq ,enQ uOHumßir wêldßh kshduk wdh;khla f,ilghq;= lsÍu wdrïN lrk ,oafoa 1988 jif¾ §mßir mk;g we;=,;a l, ixfYdaOkhka f.kawk;=rej 1990 jif¾ § mßir wdrlaIKn,m;% l%shdj,sh yÿkajd Èu;a iu.hs' Y%S,xldj ;=, isÿlrk ld¾udka; l%shdj,Skau.ska cks; lrkq ,nk Yíoh" úfudapkhkaiy wmc,h tajdg wod, m%ñ;Ska ;=, mj;ajd. k s ñ k a t a j d f h k aisÿjk m ß i r
¥IKh wju lsÍumßir wdrlaIKn,m;% l%shdj,sfhawruqKhs' thmßir ¥IKhwju lsÍug iu;ajqjo mdßißljYfhka wkqÑ;ia:dkhka ysjHdmD;Ska ydl¾udka; wdrïNlsÍu je,elaùugiu;a l%ufõohlafkdùh'
uyd mßudk l¾udka; yd jHdmD;SkawdÈh ia:dk.; lsÍu kshdukh i|yd;atajdfhka we;súh yels mdßißl n,mEu wjulsÍug tu jHdmD;s fhdaclhska fhduq lsÍui|yd;a mßir n,mEï we.hSï l%shdj,sh^Environmental Impact Assessment -EIA&1993jif¾ § y÷kajd fokq ,eîh'
tu l%shdj,sh tla tla jHdmD;sh i|ydisÿlrkq ,nk w;r tu.ska hï jHdmD;shla Bgfhdað; ia:dkfha msysgqùu u.ska we;súh yelsmdßißl n,mEï mqfrdal:kh lr we.hSug,la lsÍu;a" tu n,mEï wju lsÍug wjYHl%shdud¾. fhdackd lsÍu;a" tu fhdackdl%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd mßir l<ukdlrKie,eiaula ilid l%shdjg fhoùu u.skamdßißl n,mEï wju lsÍu;a" ta iïnkaOfhkamiq úmrï fldg wjYH fhduq lsÍï isÿlsÍu;alrkq ,efí'
by; y÷kajdÿka l%shdj,s ;=,ska mßirl<ukdlrKh i|yd we;slrk odhl;ajfhaW!k;d y÷kd.ekSfuka wk;=rej tu W!k;dmsßuid,Su wruqKq lr.ksñka Wmdhud¾.slmdßißl we.hSu Y%s ,xldjg y÷kajd§uglghq;= lrñka mj;s'
49
Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSuf,i y÷kajkafka ;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,SfhajHdmD;s uÜgug by<ska msysá uÜgïj, §
t;ï m%;sm;a;s" ie,iqï" jevigyka wdÈh ilialsÍfï § iy ixfYdaOkh lsÍfï § tajd l%shdjgkexùfïoS we;s úh yels wksis mdßißl n,mEï
u.yefrk fyda wju jk whqßka wfmalaIs;ixj¾Ok m%;sM, <Õdlr .ekSu flfrys ta
iïnkaofhka ;SrK .kq ,nk wdh;k fhduq lsßui|yd jq l%udkql+, jq;a" wruqKq fmroeß lr
.;a;djQ;a" úoHd;auljQ;a iyNd.S;ajl%shdj,shls'
fidndfl;
iurkd: chj¾OkwOHlaI
Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißlwe.hSï tallh
uOHu mßir wêldßh
kQ;k mßir
m%jK;d
mßir n,mEï we.hSï l%shdj,shg ,lalrkq,nkafka jHdmD;Ska yd l%shdldrlï jk w;rWmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSu bka Tíngf.dia ;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,Sfha Bg by<skamsysá uÜgï" tkï ;SrK.ekSfï Wmdhud¾.sluÜgï" jk jevigyka" ie,iqï" m%;sm;a;swdÈh l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%;sM, f,i we;súhyels wksis mdßißl n,mEï u.yeÍu fydawju lsÍu iïnkaOfhka l%shd;aul fõ'
Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSu f,iye¢kafjkafka m%;sm;a;s" ie,iqï" jevigykawd§ jHdmD;s uÜgug by<ska msysá ;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,sfha Wmdhud¾.sl uÜgï j,oSmdßißl wjYH;d iy ;srir nfõ wfkl=;awx.hka flfrys m%udKj;a ie,ls,a,la ,nd§ui|yd tu ;SrK .kakd wdh;k fhduq lsÍugBg wod< md¾Yjlrejka f.a odhl;ajh ,nd.ekSu i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nk l%udkql+,jQ;a"wruqKq fmroeß lr .;a;djQ;a" úoHd;auljQ;aiyNd.S;aj l%shdj,shls'
;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,Sfha msysá uÜgïwkqj ta iïnkaOfhka isÿlrkq ,nk Wmd-hud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSï i|yd jkm%fõYhka o" Ndú;d lrk l%ufõo iyfuj,ï o" bka wfmalaIs; m%;sM,o fjkia fõ'tfukau ;SrK .ekSfï OQrdj,Sfha yeu jeo.;aOQrdj,S uÜgula i|ydu Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißl
we.hSï l%shdj,sh wod, fõ'
f,dj m%:u jrg Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißlwe.hSï l%shdj,sh y÷kajd fokq ,enqfha 1969jif¾' weußld tlai;a ckmoh úiska iïu;lrk ,o cd;sl mdßißl m%;sm;a;s mk;u.sks' ta óg jir 50 lg fmr§h' bkawk;=rej wfkl=;a rgj,a o wkql%ufhkaWmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSu Ndú; lsÍugfhduqfjñka mej;s nj;a j¾I 2001§ hqfrdamShix.uh úiska Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSums<sn| úêúOdk m%ldYhg m;alsÍu;a iu. tysjHdma;sh jvd fõ.j;a jQ nj;a fmkS hhs'
wdrïNl wjêj, § Wmdhud¾.slmdßißl we.hSï l%shdj,sh mßir n,mEïwe.hSï l%shdj,sfha mshjrhkaf.kau hqla; úh'
tajdkï( Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißlwe.hSula wjYH jkafkao ke;sohkak ;SrKh lsÍu (Screening&"úIh m%udKh lsÍu ^Scoping&"úl,am we.hSu ^Evaluation of al-ternatives&" Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißlwe.hSï jd¾;dj ms<sfh, lsÍu ydiudf,dapkh ̂ Report preparationand review&" ;SrKh .ekSu ^De-cision making& iy miqúmrïlsÍu ^Monitoring& hkdÈhhs'
ie,iqï" jevigyka jeks ;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,sfha my< uÜgïi|yd fuu we.hSï l%ufõohiqÿiq jqj;a th kuHYS,S nfjkawvq neúka m%;sm;a;s ieliSu"wud;H uKav, ;SrK .ekSu wd§;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,sfha by<
50
Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSula (SEA)wjYH jkafka o ke;s o hkak y÷kd .ekSu
(Screening)
úIh m%udKh lsÍu(Scooping)
úl,am we.hSï(Assessment of Alternatives)
jd¾;dj ieliSu yd iudf,dapkh(Report Preparation and Review)
;SrK .ekSu(Decision Making)
miqúmrï lsÍu(Monitoring and Followup)
woyia úuiSu yd(Consultation)iyNd.S;ajh(Participation)
m%;sm;a;s
ie,iqï
jevigyka
jHdmD;s EIA
SEA
SEA
SEA
;SrK.ekSfï OQrdj,sh ;=< Wmdhud¾.slmdßißl we.hSfï odhl;ajh
^rEmigyk 01&
^rEmigyk 02&
fidndfl;
51
uÜgï i|yd fhdod .ekSu wmyiq ùufya;=fjka ta uÜgï i|yd jvd kuHYS,S ydud¾f.damfoaY u; mokï jQ l%ufõowkq.ukh lrkq oelsh yelsh'
ie,iqï yd jevigyka ilia lsßfï§f,dalfha nyq,j Ndú; jk Wmdhud¾.slmßißl we.hsï l%ufõofha mshjr rEm igyk02 ys oelafõ'
Wmdhud¾.sl ;SrK .ekSfï §^m%;sm;a;s" ie,iqï" jevigyka ilia lsÍfï §&mßirh iïnkaOfhka m%udKj;a wjOdkhlafhduq lsÍug ;SrK .kakd mqoa.,hska fhduqlsÍu fuys mj;akd iqúfYaI;djhs' tkï"f;dr;=re yd o;a; mokï lr.ksñka iyms<s.;a l%ufõo wkq.ukh lrñka ;SrK lrdt<fUk neúka .kq ,nk ;SrK idOdrŒl-rkh lsßug yels ùu;a" ;SrK .ekSfïOQrdj,sfha úúO uÜgï j, § úl,am w;ßkajvd iqÿiq úl,amh f;dard .ekSug bvlvie,fia' tu.ska ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh jvd
ld¾hlaIu yd m%;sM,odhl ùu;a" mdßißln,mEï we.hSï l%shdj,sh jvd Yla;su;a ùu;a"iyNd.S;aj l%shdj,shla ;=<ska ;SrK .ekSuksid úksúo Ndjh by< hdu;a ksidls%hdodufha úYajikSh;ajh wdrlaId fõ'
Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSï isÿlsÍfï m%Odk wruqK jkafka jHdmD;s uÜgugby<ska msysá ;SrK .ekSfï OQrdj,s uÜgïj,§ mdßißl wx.hka iy ;srir nfõ wfkl=;awx.hka ms<sn|j m%udKj;a wjOdkhlafhduqlr wjYH ksis mshjr ksis wjia:dfõ §.ekSuhs'
Bg wu;r jYfhka ixj¾Ok lghq;=ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,shg úksúo Nd-jhla ,nd§ug;a" ;SrK .ekSfï § Bg wod<f;dr;=re yd o;a; yels;dla m%udKhla ksisl,g ;srK .kakd mqoa.,hska w;g m;alsÍuu.ska jvd ;srir iy M,odhS ;srK .ekSug;aWmdhud¾.sl mdßißl we.hSu odhl fõ'
fvd,¾ 300 Trf,daiqfj;a" fvd,¾ 30 Trf,daiqfj;a fmkajkafka tlu fj,jhs'
- iaàõ fcdíia -
fidndfl;
mßir kshuq molalïl%shdj,sfha wjika molalu
jk ckdêm;s molaluWfoid mßir kshuqjka úiska
mßir úIh yd iïnkaOwdo¾Yj;a mßir jHdmD;shla
l< hq;= ùu wksjd¾h jqjls' fï i|yd;uka ðj;a jk m%foaYhkays mj;sk hï mßir
.eg¿jlg fyda fmdÿfõ .;aúg cd;sl uÜgfï
mßir .eg¿jla i|yd hïúi÷ula ,efnk wdldrfhkawod< jHdmD;sh l< hq;= fõ'
fuu uQ,O¾óh mokfuys msysgd2018 j¾Ifha§ ckdêm;s molalï
,nd.;a mßir kshuqjka 92 w;ßkaby<u ,l=Kq ,nd.;a mßir kshuqjka ''''''
úiska l%shd;aul lrk ,o mßir kshuq jHdmD;sf;dr;=re fufia bÈßm;a lrkafkuq'
52 fidndfl;
j¾;udkfha§ fkdfhla fouqyqka ùm%fNao Ndú; lrk w;r foaYSh m%fNao fuka.=Kd;aul Ndjhlska hqla; fkdfõ' fndfydamdrïmßl ù m%fNao j.dfõ§ ridhksl Ndú;hwjYH fkdfõ' tneúka .=Kd;aul mila/l.ekSug yels fõ' m<sfndaO md,kh i|ydúI ridhk øjH Ndú; lsßula fkdue;'tfukau T!IO .=Kfhka by< ù m%fNao neúkañksiqkag f,v frda. je<¢fï wjOdku owjuh' iuyr f,v frda. md,kh i|yd ofuu foaYSh ù m%fNao uy;a rel=,la fõ'tneúka fujeks ù m%fNao j.dj rg ;=< m%p,s;lsßu jeo.;a fõ'
oekg mßfNdackh wvq ù we;s iqj|e,ayd yská ù m%fNao jHdma; lsßu i|yd ÿúksáydrd YsIHdj úiska fuu jHdmD;sh Èh;a lrwe;' iudcfha mj;sk nyq;r frda.hka j,g
úi÷ula f,i fmdaIK .=Kfhka by< fuu ùm%fNao Ndú;h b;d iqÿiq neõ foaYSh ffjoHúoHdj ;=< m%p,s;h' tneúka fujeks ù m%fNao/l.ekSu l< hq;=h'
nq;a;, m%foaYh ;=< f;dard.;a l=Uqrej,l=re¿;=v" iqj|e,a" uv;jd¨" mÉpfmreud,a"lyjKq" l¿ ySká hk ù j¾. j.d lr tuksIamdok wf,úh i|yd fhduq lsßu fuu YsI-Hdj úiska isÿlr we;'
fujeks wNdjhg hk foaYSh ù m%fNao/lf.k tajd ;j ;j;a iudch ;=< m%p,s;lr .=Kd;aul núka by< ù m%fNao /l.ekSug;jÿrg;a lghq;= l< hq;=h' fuu YsIHdj.kakd ,o W;aiyh m%fhda.sl jYfhkabÈßfhaÈ jeä j¾Okh lr" ksfrda.S mrmqrlaìyslsßug odhl ùu b;d jeo.;ah'
ku - tÉ' fla' fla' ÿúks áydrd mdi, - fud$ ÿgq.euqKq cd;sl mdi,
fudKrd.,
mdrïmßl ù j¾. jHdma; lsÍu
53fidndfl;
w,skaf.a iajNdúl jdiia:dk wysñùu;a"ck.yk j¾Okh iuÕ le,E N+ó t<slsßu;a hkfya;= idOl u; jk w,s .ïje¢u fya;=fjka w,sñksia .egqu fkdúi÷Kq m%Yakhla njg m;aj we;'úÿ,s jeg úi÷ula f,i Ndú;d l< o thg oiaÓridr úi÷ula ,nd§ ke;'
fuhg úi÷ula f,i fl!Y,Hd YsIhdjúiska bÈßm;a lrk Ôj w,s jeg fmkajd Èh yelsh'fuysÈ isÿlrkqfha w,shd m%sh fkdlrk w,shdgydks isÿlrk lgq iys; Ydl j¾. tkï yK" foys"mf;dla" fnda.kaú,d yd ;,a hk Ydl j¾.
f;dardf.k w,shd tk m%foaYh udhsï lrf.kiudk mr;rhlska me< isgqùfuka w,shd f.j;=bvïj,g we;=¿ úu yd .ï je¢fuka wdrlaIdlsßuhs'
fuu l%uh wvq úhoï iys; úu" mi ixr-laIKh i|yd fya;=jla ùu" wd¾Ól jdis iys;fnda.hka fuysÈ isgqùu ksid wd¾Ól jdis o ,nd.;yels ùu fukau mdßißl jeo.;alulska hqla; ùuksid" ;jÿrg;a ÈhqKq lsßfuka fuu w,s ñksia.egqug hï;dla ÿrlg úi÷ula fidhd.; yelsh'
ku - ã' tï' ksmqks fl!I,Hd mdi, - fmd$ÈUq$ lel=¿fj, uyd úoHd,h
,smskh - lel=¿fj," wr,.kaú," fmdf<dkakrej'
w,s - ñksia .egqug Ôj jefgka ms<shula
.j md,kfha§ mßirhg isÿjk ydks wjulr.ekSfï ms<shula f,i fuu Ôj jdhQ tallhbÈlsßu y÷kajdÈh yelsh' fuu.ska .j mÜá j,skabj;,k wmøjH iïm;la f,i Ndú; lsßu"n,Yla;s w¾nqohg wdfoaYlhla f,i ðj jdhQjNdú;d lsßu wdÈ jdis fuu.ska ,nd.; yelsh'
fuu YsIHdj úiska l=reKE.," Wvno,jm%foaYfha .j mÜá wdY%s;j Ôj jdhq tall f.dvke.Su i|yd uyck;dj oekqj;a lsßfuka fuys we;sjeo.;alu fmkajd §u b;d ldf,daÑ; W;aiyhls';u .DydY%s; úÿ,s mßfNdackh hï;dla ÿrlg wju
lr .eksug fuu l%uh u.ska yels fõ' tfukau thwd¾Óluh jYfhka jdisodhl ;;a;ajhls' ;j o .EiaNdú;h fjkqjg Ôj jdhQ wdfoaYhlhla f,i Ndú;dlsßfuka ta i|yd jehjk úhou wju lr.; yelsh'
tneúka fujeks ,dNodhs l%ufõo ms<sn|ck;dj oekqj;a lsßu iy tu l%fudamdhka ck;djwl;r m%p,s; lsßu b;d jeo.;ah' tu.ska ,dNodhsl%u u.ska n,Yla;sh W;amdokh fukau .jmd,kfha § isÿjk mßir ydksh o wju lr.;yelsjkq we;'
ku - ta' tï' ksfiaokS ÈjHdxc,S mdi, - l=$ Wvno,j iqo¾Yk uyd úoHd,h,smskh - fkd' 08$1" Wvno,j" l=reKE.,'
.j md,kfha mdßißl .eg¿j,g Ôj jdhQ ;dlaIKfha úi÷ï
54 fidndfl;
Tfí orejkag Okhg jvd ikaf;daifhka isàu .ek W.kajkak'
túg Tjqka hï fohl ñ,g jvd tys yrh w.h lrkq we;'
- iaàõ fcdíia -
fuu jHdmD;sh weiqfrka ;srirlDIsl¾udka;h Wfoid Ôj jdhQ w.=re ksIamdokhlsÍu hkak l%shdjg kxjd ;sìK' fuu jHdmD;sfham%Odk wruqK jkafka lDIs ridhk Ndú;hg wd-foaYlhla jYfhka Ôj w`.=re fyj;a bio chary÷kajd §uhs' lDIs rdidhk øjH Ndú;fhka isÿjkfndfyduhla mßir ydks fukau ñksia isrergisÿúh yels ydks fuu l%uh u.ska j<ld .; yelsjkq we;'
Ôj w`.=re hkq ,S l=vq" ,S o~q" msÿre jeksldnksl wmøjH Tlaiscka rys; fyda wju mßir;;a;ajhl § oykh lsßfuka ksmojk wÕ=re fõ'tu l%shdj,sh ;dm úÉfÊokh f,i y÷kajhs'fuu Ôj w`.=re Ndú;h Y%S ,xld f;a m¾fhaIKwdh;kfha" inr.uqj úYajúoHd,fha ldIs úoHd mS-Gfha" jhU m<d;a lDIs l¾u ld¾hd,h wd§ ia:dklsysmhl mqoa.,sl uÜgñka isÿlrk w;r jd‚cuÜgñka fuu Ôj w`.=re Ndú;h m%p,s; fkdfõ' kuq;a fuys we;s iqúfYaIs .=Kdx. fya;=fjka fuuÔj w`.=re b;d jeo.;a ;ekla Wiq,hs' migtl;=jk úI ner f,day wjfYdaIKh" mfiysWIaK;ajh md,kh" mfia pH w.h jeä lsßu"mfia fmdiamria yd khsg%cka iq,N;djh jeä lsßu"mi ixrlaIKh lsßu wd§ úfYaI;d ksid fuu ðj
w`.=re Ndú;h ridhksl fmdfydr Ndú;hg jvdjdisodhl fõ'
ðj wÕ=re ksIamdokh lsßu i|yd fudrgqjm%foaYfha ;u ksji f;dardf.k ;sìK' fuujHdmD;shg f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSu i|yd" 2014j¾Ifha cd;Hka;r m¾fhaIK m;%sld fYa%‚.;lsßï j,g wkqj f,dal ðj w`.=re wdY%s;m¾fhaIKhkays f;jeks ia:dkh ysñlr.;a uQ,slwOHhk wdh;kfha úoHd{jßhl f,i lghq;=l<" Y%s chj¾Okmqr úYaj úoHd,fha lÒldpd¾h'wdpd¾h fu;a;sld ú;dkf.a uy;añh iuÕ fuuYsIHdj yeoeÍï isÿlr we;s w;r" óg wu;rjm%dfhda.sl yeoeÍï i|yd l=reKE., ur¿ndj—POWER PLANT ORGANIC˜ ys wixl kdu,achisxy uy;df.a jevuq¿j,g o iyNd.S ú we;' fuu YsIHdj úiska jvd m%p,s; fkdjq kuq;a b;djákd yd jeo.;alulska hq;= lDIs l¾ufha §ridhksl fmdfydr Ndú;hg jvd ðj w.=reNdú;fha jeo.;alu yd bka we;s jk jdis fyd¢kafmkajd § we;' tfukau fuu l%ufõoh ;jÿrg;arg;=< m%p,s; lsßfuka oekg rfÜ Woa.;j we;sridhksl fmfydr u.ska mek ke.s we;s .eg¿j,g o M,odhS úi÷ula jkq we;'
ku - î' ta' hQ' bka§jÍ fmf¾rd mdi, - úYdLd úoHd,h" fld<U 05',smskh - 34$î" 2 mgqu." lgqneoao" fudrgqj'
;srir lDIsl¾udka;h Wfoid Ôj wÕ=re ksIamdokh
mßir .S;hfoõ f,djo ujq ìug fojeks fldg is;kafkuqfoõ f,dfõ ke;s wisß ujq ìfï olskafkuqmßirh rlskafkuq jvkafkuq jjkafkuqfï ms<skfhka iod uõìug nef|kafkuq
j,d isUe .,d hk k§ Èh ksr;=re hjk Whka u,a Whka m, Whka úis;=re hisis,iska mK fmdjk u| mjk msú;=rehmßirh /flk ;=re fidnd ou iqñ;=reh
;Kaydj wdidj wehs o fmdÈ n¢kafkarfÜ jk iïm;g wehs fmdrj kÕkafkafidnd ou lsmqKq od i;a j. ue kiskafkamßirh rlskafka uq¿ rg ue rlskafka
fu ñys u;e jik i; isf;ys fu; jefõ jd æ.y fld<g mjd tu fu;a isis, oefka jd ænj fNda. iïm;ska i;g fi; iefoa jd æwfma yqiafuka mjd mßirh ksfõ jd æ
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jdß ;dlaIK úialï mEjeõ mßir moaO;s
mßir iq/l=ug" udkjÑka;kfha fmdaIKh
jdhqf.da,Sh ;;a;ajksÍlaIK jevigyk
yß; k.r ixl,amfhald,Sk wjYH;dj
idïm%odhsl ksjfia mßirys;ldó nj
Wmdhud¾.sl mdßißlwe.hSï jevms<sfj,
fj¿u 02" l,dmh 01
2019 cqks
fu ñys u;e jik i; isf;ys fu; jefõ jd æ.y fld<g mjd tu fu;a isis, oefka jd ænj fNda. iïm;ska i;g fi; iefoa jd æwfma yqiafuka mjd mßirh ksfõ jd æ
- wßfika wyqnqÿ iQÍka -
fid÷re ñksiqkaf.a kjd;ek
fidndfl;fidndfl;
uqøKh - ksmqk ms%kaÜ