I

,: . , · . -:0· i·.· ·, · .. "' ; . . · ~ . • . ' ', 1• • I " :'

'rho .Americllli · !tUllllllli&t !!'radl.tion '

/fJY~/tU.fi _,. ;fE/l

the Declaration • . of the po~npoua cetalog-Je of the righto of ioe.n1 . .' ...

·comes. the modest MDgnn Charta of a 1et:ally limitod •:orlting dey wirl.c.h nhell make Olear when the .• tl.me· which the worker sells is ended o.nd . •· 1then his own,.begins ....... g.uaij.tum mute.~us a·o illo •11

. . ,_...----'---: . ~{,b-j.~~----.>·c·,

In any case, one element, ,.,bather it is· ~ha lao~er . truth or the greater truth, does not ·make .the whtile, and I wil:t :not volgo:rize either ·the Amari= or the Marxist H\lll!O!list Traditi('ns l.I.>. this tnlk which aims to relate Marx's thinking to the historic ... spec•s of .Ameri~an thouent.

12505

- ·-· ····-···-· •·· ' ' ...

. . ·

. ;·· ..

serious, scht•~].y ·on the ~cls

:18 priodomin!lnt].y · · · '-ths . ~crinomic.< .;:_·?;:..:

....

12506

,. ;.; '

-i~~~~~'f,. ,, .• . -'" ' . .... · ... t~·-~·:·y.- ,,·,· '' . ., No, I'm afraid tW.il ~et-r:l.ch.-.iu1oltl. type o:f.s..arch

( '1\; · :, ~~~!!~~o~!~~J:~~~\~h.!~~~o~im:0:~~;~!~:o:~~ni i' .. . ,;· ,,.,.· ·slnel,e ·.beH.:wi, bat tor be .allowed to reat' u :Peaae. !!either do I rlsh :' ·. _,.,. to con,oi.ter native :-adicaliom lil<e Edward :Bellamy'~!!~ ~..E

. -·

·or Hen17 Ooo~ge'• Pror;raos ~:Povorty, !rhe ooonomic daturl>liniste from., ~'DI·r· throUBh ParrJD&ton tu Bee.rd were certainly <111@'1-intlue'\t:I.Bl 1n. aatabliohing a vlsw of our h1etor1C3l devela,m~t that 1n some minor ,.;.;yo pi>'ral.lel olements o:r lw:d.s~:~, :But th~re sgatn vny ono ale::.ont

· 4o.ec not ll!!>ke the t.il~le-a.nd the \thole ia "holJ.y opPoaod to Mnr.xism •

. . ' . L!rlle least known part of ilar:d.sm is tts .AmeriCIIZl :roo~ii. . : · not re:l:e 11g to AllY organi:ation .that ca.lled.itseli' }laz,'Xiat · <

e1~l.oer in Marx' a own til:le or ours. O:f can;r of thole l~x said, Nit . . . is Marxism, I'm not a ~laz,':d.st.n He fou]\li ho had to' a spare. to hiU... f'ij1' · ·

''"olt :from the selt-at~ed llar:d.sts .~ America' who tried to evo.de the , ,,::; • · . who.lo issue of the ivil War b;y ean.ng they wet's <>pposod ·to ho.ll slqe:ey, .wage and ohattol. 11 ' ~!:>rx was aoUvol;v and unashamedly on tho llid.e Of the North. ~Ja·ll~ ~-...... b , be no btiplc ' ,..,.. I"lli'J.l not minimize the ma,;, .demonatrations ilfllingl .... d which stopped ,' . . the :British goVernl!lent•s flirt11tions with the thought of onterin_~ on the sido of the South--!Jl!he Workingmen's International Aesc.oio.tion, he&ded b;y Y.arx, is cortaiill;y an importMt mcnt.fostation or tho rela·tionsh1:;> betwoen t!te, lit Harxiet concept of freedom and the .Amari~. 111 ,,

1 1 c- tf'l~'"' 4,._ti·•"''' ,_ •.

A-.. ...,... kM~ ~ (.,~ \~;Ai!<.U . .. ·'f.. ( ~1 ~ ;lv~S 1 '•" { J....;:(,:. f',-. ri'::.(i.•V•rl '}. I 11 I

~ . \~W...i·t< I-IV'/ { ~ . • fL 11.4.. 1}-...,( • .vA j~ 1 ~t{"i/ ~:{'icy;; ' :__v!J': tA p}:r~·,,.,~---·.,c;;<,•.. '

i1 -.-. 1-' l ~ li~~

. n . I COUl!l- .+.hon "'~OCAAd tn invade the :field o:t' !lis tory ...... "' .,,, __ fttl].].AilJP:h·-/

12508

·'' . .''.;'

. _,. -7-

_, ..

All of us know what 1 t is to be damned w1 th f:>int ·· pr~ise. Joe-.ph Schumpeter however has triec it with oxceocive praise.

12509

.·-.

;~-.. ·;~<.:~;~ 1: ... ·__-_.'./

-::.:c,~-- ;~~~~;r~~J:~had~:~_!a:!i£lil"i~~:lli:::f~ ;c j ~~.~-t_',-:1·,' . 'P'II.t?li.sn,,·d it tlisA_ he 'iii8d1,eat1'sfieid with·::'/ . ''· •. _, > ;

· We.t" he ~eturned· to ,t!le'•"""'usori:Ptir · •· ". , _ .. , . in structure and form particuJ.ai-li• :': . ' ·••· '<'!

· roorga,r.i•ationo occUl'l'ed in __ ls~:r an~ ·111 ·ls66 ' · ptibliehod in the :rom 1(0 have it 'toqa:r: except.

·•.'IJ~niiJt.C>X a ··1~ nature the.t he '·added a.tter ·~ho Paris in~.UW that ha ncldod the aoction on thO • · ·

· whet Schumpcter calls • the idea" tho Huma.nism of Harxism. or _I~Xism na a theory l!ll.r>:'s tl::anccendenco of both olasnioal_; ·

,.,,g<onan philowoph;;, the two =in sources of a.nd . . of " new world pi of history \lhich WBS

on the actual ac'uivity of man. - ret, tl:'..ei•e we.a the. \roole•tiontohj.lJ of tho nbolition of slavery to he otJ.~le for the.oigllt

1-!B.rx wsn to write in CAPI!I'AL: 11 In the United States of . ovocy independent movemont :for tho workers wss para.lj'zed

so long as slavery die:f'igllred a part o:f' tho Republic. L<;.bor cennot .• eman~ · oipate itself in tho t~hite skin where in.the l>laok it is b>.,.nded. l!ut out of the death of slavery a new li:f'e at once arose.) ~he first fruit o:f' the Oivil WG.r 11as tho eight hOUl's' fll:ltatlon that ra.n with tile oevon­le~d boots o:f' tho locomotive from thevAtlantic to tho Pacific, from ifo11 ngla.nd to Oalii'orn!a. ~hs General or>.gress o:f' Labor at :Baltimore ;t . (A\ignst 16, 1!!66) docle.t"ed: '~he first Md g>•oat nsc~saity of the present, to lla: free the labor of this country :fror. OOlJitBli&Uc sla'\"ery, is the pasting of a law by which eight hours shall be t~o normal 1/0l:king-d.ay in all States of the American Union. We arc resolved to put fort!! all our stro~.gth until this glorious result is attained."'

12510

.. ;~.,

i.

~

... r-~ .; •'

•;._

ofid;W. o·wc>rl<l.ng ·~,":. 1ii:~~~~~=- lleatro~'ed generations. ~he l!umaniam of

. and lurection which mac'!a posoible and deprossions.

,_.

. .

mx didn't predict them becauoe he WaS n prophet but because of t actors and two :factors only, 1) he dl.!>lect1ca1l.y · carried through to the end the edonomio laws of development of ·caPitalist society and 2) having put the Huaan !eine--the ~e le.borero --inetend o~ the thing--wego labor--at the center of his theor~tical world, ~ln.rx dieoorned in the stl'\lg/J;les and na\1 thil>king the 11 new fo;'ces

· passiono"Kiat for o. new societY • ~ winning of the ahort.,nir.g ·of the · workl.llg da;r which lmx called "a. Vel'itable civil ,.,..,. wna finally the mateTio.l basis fo~ froedom •

. /~ '

. /1J ~~}... J L~o JJrinciplos aro involved in tha struct•.>rBJ. C!lDllge in

I ;&t the shortening of tho workill£11' <In¥. whi.•:h arose O\lt of the act\lnl· . l' ~~~ G aAPI!I!AL, one flowin/; from th.or;r and one from practice. ~he philoeopby ·

- . · olD. eo at~Je!.;les,- embraced nll concapts i.,lside and outsid9 it. mhe · thin.'<ing of tho theoretician wo.e thue coo.ste.ntly filled with more .'Ulc!. . more coz.tont, filled by workoro' stru.::gleo and workers' tho'-'8hts. Those wore the cnnditiona crentod for the lenp. The leap ito~lf dev&loped. the idea thct the ul.tir.a.tt::t crco.tio!l. of freedom resta E.!!2!l the chrrt.on1r.e 2!_ the working ~:

12511

.~~~l;{:r:: . .'.\:;, ~\\ ~.~~:~~:·~~~~ :;r,c&AIW~ ~ ' . ~ \_ :

'::''':,.:· ::, ;;:;> ... :~ ., ,; .. ·'·• · .... ~ :oc!a{~zetion ~f' :.>bor !:lesllt, 1ri humo.n tarms0 ~ &roB~ . . '.i.· :,.;...,. ': ·,': • •• .·.. IU'lllO'. of' lAbor;" united Nld. d11aipl1ned b;y the ~·er;y IIIGOi111niom i>f ,.._bar snd · \'.' I ' ,,'•"·'',;•: • tl>ro;ld;,· ilf,.ord~r to straighten t~ir bo)llt l>a.qka, ~~throw of!' not Dlt).Y·. · · .. : .... ·: .. c .. ,_::• .. ' cic,p11ial.1at'cippr8 sa1oli'but put. an' end. to .. .'oleae uoclet:r;'and.reunlte:vu.oe

,. an<!. fo_r' a.'l.l, a the h111:an being hirooolt, m;,.tfll a':\d lliNl""'.).abot io thnt• .. the•pr~h:l.etoey of oocietl' CNI end end h~~m:~ni~'o .trJ.Ie history 'oegln on

'--·

''·t114> ba~ia that the· free development of each is the oon<U!i1on llor the · · free·ana.' .~l clavelopment of 1111. ·•

·.~ : ;' : ._,•. : . ' .

--:-·.\.:~:.i~_ame, ~~ .muat··-aM~ 1a. t~'l, -·.:,

•.;

- . ·. ' '

. Sputniks I & II certninlJ" proved that point,. ·

_!( ~ l!itlers, the !~uosolinie, the Xhrw!chevs aro .not ,

Gernano, Ita1.1e.n.• and Russians only. :m~a;y represent obJective foroeo.,. . Ma··oarth;yiiW wa• but a pale, 1tJpQtent shadow, but 1t is "~=illol aU'·' . the' same an to what bapper.a when deep fun•lam•ntnl crises 1n producti~n and in_,~~~et~ juno kooP pili~ up.

A'\':'i>lll,;: / . 1_.\'.x::;.• . ,,..--,_ .. _. ~· !!!he 1929 craoh """ the dividing .line ~.,-~:~. a~ :the eeonomy.

-------·--------------------114 had, on the one hand, tho :Brain !Crust-oqjnd I do not

meM only those ·•ho went by tjlnt name ir. tho goverru:,nt. I mesn all .in,t,jL.,.\ lectual pJ.Mners, small and lnrge, thooe without purpose and thoae · thoae who invented the llew Deal to oc.ve capitnliem .and those whc l<Blltod Hto "JJie0 the llew Denl to move headlong to totalitarian planning on. the

... Ruosian model .• , .. -- ···------------·- '---~--....- ------------ -·· ----

1.2512

c ,. ,, I. i'' '

... ,,; ' ,\' .. '>, . :-.·

-~.:;: ::~t<-~ .. :·>~:~:;:' ·.:.·.

,. ,- '>:· .·

.'}

. · ! 11110' "holrlow'' .not because I deimeoate';the.A.,..rican' tr!ldllt~.onoi· <:ot. :Uberty; but.rather because I contrast these grer:.t tl-e<ii < a<lt1ml.. clt>llar <UtPlomaey that m&de the rounds of tho' o.cWJrentilg

g:!:ant in.'the company of the very power$Q that had hold them:in. !or centuries~ ·

A!ld l>P 11hollo>t11 I alec me!IJl what wae happeniJl€ 1n ·our country, : . ·:for nothing ia 'l.etter J<nown in EurOpe and tl::e >torld OVer than the Jf$gro · ,

qUeotion ani!, we cannot keep a tenth of the nation-ever .whom a 0:!:011 lfar "as :t'o\l8ht"'-"1n the conditions the1 are 1n and lecture to o~hers. on demo;;.,, ora.,.- vs. CoLlnr.oniet totalitnrianisc. !l!o the rest o:t' the world not: only the Sl!llator Eaatlands and Governor Fnul>uses ·are no different, but ~h.. · otatecent o:t' the cultured ~ulkoer that he ••ould bs 1'e.adf to oplll ·b.loC>d · · of the Ne~:ro to lre~"the outhern W91 of Life" sO\IIIde aall barbEQ"iO as · , indeed it ie. When isenhower aeks euch ae Fa\llkner tc .. head 'a Oomittoc o:t' Intellectllllls for tural Freeclt>m-it is- the stillbirth it was• ·

12513

... r... ·'· "'.'!

' ' .. •!.-· ~. ~·· '·::

\•,,,

( ,·~

;·.·

When those finalJ¥ do caat--and l :havo no doullt o( ,: . the meating-it co.nnot be anything nhort of a Nmtl I!Ulo!I..NISl!. · ... ·

12514