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__ . _ _!

TENDER OF STRONG

BY

MISS ORAPIN KUSONRUNGRAT

A TIIISIS SUBMITED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT

OF TilE REQUIREMENT FOR TilE DEGREE

OF BACHELOR OF FINE ARTS CF.RAMTCS

FACULTY OF DECORATIVE ARTS

SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY

1991

---

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V~ ,.,. I V V ll J I

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16

17

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d ... J... ,.. ..J .J' \) c'J '1 .... -1 1111~11~ 1lfl11 111 \111111tl ;1~ q ~ !111111~ 11111ill m1 ~ 111n

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71-l'Wll'll ~ 'llllll'lJJlllll1'l q % u .., ....

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.. Jill 1'JVI :l·Hlll 111 111 l'\111

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l~illil11.lilillt ~~'l~l~l~11tfl11urlllllilll (C:AKI-:)

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UU1U'l llflunnm111'illln:::tJt nlttfHHJ

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Llhll1~1 2-J 1u ~..,uifimn1ri'Yn111l '

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-

23

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24

J ~ u ~ I

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/')

J cj ·""" l~1v~1~Ul~U ( FILTER PRESS )

v v A ..-.1 . v"" ·1 l'l ll1 ·Hlll tlil ~ l fl1 rH 11'1\1 11;111

,.

J v "' Lfi18~il~~u ( PUG MILL )

,.

27

~ ~

'llllflilU011l1fHlil~ l fHlillJ

• I ~

n 1 'Il11lUHil1 fl iiHI ~ l fHHlll

Lll n 1111 VI flo -1 l fl ~ U1 1 ~Il-l il n 1 'I11l~ lll llllll r; 11 (SLAB) l ~ 11'l Yl'lll n '1111 VI u Il-l

J I <I _J v

l Yt ll V111 l flllllll 111 VI l m 11 ::;

.r ~ " .. 1'1VIIlrH11 Vlll-1 l1111 VIlli11'11

.q v v q J'l v • .. l fliJ10 1101JVl'll11 'l.l111t:H1-1111~1-1

SLAB .Jv v .J' J v 11'111'11l ~1111'11\1 l 'Hill '1l-l111

~1tl11lll1n

<il;: v .r ll 'lJ ll VI tl\Hl -l 11

1 ~ ~ 4'v I •1

ll11HLflVI-lll ri1111VIui.H l flfiiJll (SLAB) llll:::l'llll~lll'lltrlll111'li11J-l l THlrJ ll

u

-

28

..j 1 Vq ~ V • .q V c! I

l llll V1 Yi llli ll r11 ll lVlllll 1 ll Vl L llllll 1111 S LA 13

"''1 .q<:f uJ <l •

L rt 1 Vll 1 11 il ru 11 11 11 t Vl 11 1 n lJ l1 t u 1 Vlll r.1 fl .J 1 11 ( 8 5 o C ) ' "

I

u \1 -" .o1 'll 1 11 l ~ 1 ·o -l L fl ull u '1 u n 11l1 r1 flu -l u Vl1 fl :; 1 o o n 1'11

v "' ... J,l v 1 YlllV1 1Jl1 ?lfl1 'j

u

I v c. vJ~v ~ t11 11 1 Yl 0 Vl1111 1 -3 Vl1l1 l 111111 fl 1111 1 fl 11 II 111 ?J 1 11 l ~ 1ll l'lll 1l-l fl1 Ill n .j .J n fl 11

J .. '1~ •J ll'l fl fl11ll u:; Vl1 n 11 Vl l 'i 1 11 'IJ \1 VI u 11 n 11 11 VI l l II n

n 1 111t1ttla u H1un11l1t1flu~

n 1 'i u r1 l fl ~ u u '111 ~ 1 .J 11 1 I3 AS E GLAZE tl1l'l l ~ 1 '1 ?J 11 JJ u 1J r1 l i1 n 11 VI

1 ~ v L 11 u n t fl il u 11 u VI 1 fl :; 1 o o n 1 11 "" 'i!:ll!:: l 1r11 20 \11)'1

u I

tl1l1l ~1tl-l BASE GLAZE

n 1 rl n flJ \I ·11 1J U Vlll rl -3 l \Il-l ll u U Vl '11 11 1 Vl 1 n 1 fl n f11 'i :; II :; l 1 fl 1 J

?Y11Jt-l Hl1li?Liit~IJOHt::: 25 nf11 t ~ t~ \1 VI 11 t~ -3 '1 ~ o x 1 n r: '111' ~ ~ 1 -3 'lll l1'111 Vl . l3AS E GLAZE w} rlll OX I DE J ... l-1 v.,"'

l1 l VllJ \1 l n 1 -311 VI VI 1 IJ II il l \J tl l 1 fl 1 ..j

1 0 u ) r1

.... 011l fHHlll

<t ~ 4111q v v <4 ~ V I 4 n 1 H fl fl uu mHn u 1 u m u n u flu 'llu l fl fl ulJ l 'r1 1 1 VI 'r11 '111 u tn.h ~ l1 ut fl fl i.l\1

'

29

--t q v ' J <1!11 ~ t ' "'' ~ 4 ll fl:; l fHHlll l 'Hill l till tl n \1 ll fll \1 tl .J "::11 n l \1 n 1 1 L fiiHHHHH 111 "::! 'i .J\1 \11lli11ll 1 'i 0 l '1l1 U n 1 'i '1l11l fHl tlll . 1~ lttn::.J11t~u'lmuuu::nll·.;\nlnlJ1n tlu::~rHn1'it'!ll'rlfl~flfl11lll1ll1 111-1 Ylll.Jtflnf111

~ .J ~cH'l.Ji Tin 1 'il~tl l fl~ UlJ ~ .Jlll n 1 'i'rl VIIHH ~ll~ml 1 Un ullll .1l fl~ u1J1lJ'l yJ ; 11'1l ~ 11 ~r11n 1 'i '

..at -~ ._1 V ~ ~ I -~ J

'I-Hlllil ,lltlUtl1ld.J1111'r11-lll1::111lll11111ll~lllll•l1!1'l111ll'HJ11 '\1111 111-J lHrll'llhl llU:' l ll'llll\lllll-.1 "

'1 I <I v " <l ~ ~ lllf111'1'11tl flutl'llnllllfi-1111"::11-J tJnfi1.J'I11J.J

30

(SEMI-Mi\TT) J,l " • " l1 lHHlH l flH l1ll11 ::: Yl1 1 "l """ -!'. \' LLH::: ?I I'Hlfllllllilfllllll

-l" " . ' v mrm L 'll11'1lill11

./ -~· • ~ .r.. " .J 11 ~ L Hfl~llllll<imllll'l~<i~Wll1 CONE 6 • • 'l " fll1Lililfllflililll 111111LL11lu~11il~

u • •

v " 11l1il'l'1 5 Llil~ CONE (, 1 vv v '\ v 1

llfl::: Vlfllll'111111rfYI'Fllll \lllll-Hltl "

TilE C:OMI'LI·:TI·: llOOK 01: Cl,i\Y i\Nil C:l"i\1:1·:

Till\ POTTER'S !lOOK OF GLi\ZE RECIPES

Llil~ C:EH!IMIC FOI<MUL!IS

'"' .......... 1 'l\J <'Jt;<ol.,. \) tlVllllil-J~·)!l'lYlll\11!11'1-JYl'l 1111'11 th1flUi1.JlfhlrllllllllJl]Jll'1lUlliHI

• '\ ' 1 1 " "\ "" J " " • v J J.\ v v '\ v 1118 1Hi:::fllll 11fl111l'lll"l '11-l'lll Vl'l lll'lFI-JLllUiJllllliCl-lllhlll"lfHlllf11i1lnl 'i'llllll!llll 1'1

·' . 'l " .r llliiWI\1·1 111 illlli'l1\l111111

. <1 ..,.J.., -<! ,J.( .r

Llfl::: 11111 -.Jiil1l1 Ylil-lfl 111 lfJU::: l ilil\'1\17 fit ~ll ?111

., .: ~· .... ./ " ,, . ' " ...

. , ~ l 1111 Hill V11 I \1 ~ 111 I 'l 111 Ill 1 \ 11 -J'i ~ '

•

._>J t:...Y .q ... .J,,\1 v v ..J \J v ' \}

l1fl-l~'-]l)llll llll ~ ll 'il riU~11lll1'H11'1Ll(l-llflilrlllfl1-lll HlfHHlllllll'l 11 ':)lHl'lil¥11

l fl ~·; illl'lll illlll1Jl ~ii -J . ,, " v " 11 -Jllll

4 " l H rl fll'lliljlllfll 1 ltl-lfl .j-l1i'lrl-J rlli-J 111

·• l r-Ill YHl'illl il ,) . '\ " _., ./ '\ " .\'

11 'l ill YHl fl1Jl1WiHHl -J 11 Tl1-l 'I

. .., "1 "·~ •' ,.J.\ "" llfoi11'1HL'1'1 \'ll1illli111i1~<illn·l11U\1 ~111 A 1 '" • , '\ Lllil111~ 111111<J11'1~11Hivlil 11

v

1mh ~ 11 il ;nJii~l'l·l~ml~ml f, 1 fl u1 ~~ 111~ 1lll ~ ~ ~ 1 n ... v ( <! ~ v

ll fl ~ mwn l IHU'Illl l n'/11ll fl !111 iHI '

1 "v 3 1 <!! J-1 .., '\ .,J .• I "" .- '\ v • 1 v ""' <' ml~•lll 'll'l~<lil"llll~uillll'llFl~~nm llil!U\1Jlli1'1Wll11llmll~f1 'lil~uilll Uui1HIU~I~ilJ J\]11 . . . ..,

!lASE GLAZE

BASE GLAZE J

CONE 04 03ua~CONE 01 ~I .... .

lrll\lillUlUJll IO(,o C (CONE Olt)

lhl1l1 1 •

SSG-4 BROWN SATIN MATT GLAZE

LITillUM CARBONATE

BARIUM CARBONATE

WHITING

ADD;

ZINC OXIDE

(~llll1B~~l") KAOLIN

(QUARTZ POWDER) SILICA

MANGANESE DIOXIDE

BENTONITE

SSG-38 CLEAR MATT GLAZE

COLEMANITE

(~Uil1B~Ul") KAOLIN

(QUARTZ POWDER) SILICA

1\lo:N'I'ON I 'I' I\

J !l i11l1 J .

10·3

6·9

9·7

19·8

21 . 1

41·2

3·0

1 ·0

70·0

15·0

15·0 2. ()

SATIN MATT

SATIN MATT

SSC-(,2 SI·:M 1-0I'AQI\ I1ROS'I'Y WIII'I'E ~IA'I'T C:LA/,1·: ~1ATT

IIAH I Ll~1 CAHIIONATI\

COU:MANITE

STANDARD 1'1':1 .DSPAR

WIIITINC

ZINC OXIlll\

(QUARE POWili\R ) SILl C:A

1\1\NTON J'l'l\

I . I • S

l2 ·R

3·9

l (I • ')

1 • (I

:ll

-1 M11l1 1, •

C r,L, 1\l.lll·: MATT

J <ifl1l1 5 •

c'LfNT (QUARTZ POH!lf.R)

LITIIIUM CARBONATE

KAOLIN ( ~ll7111u.llh~ )

COPPER CARBONATE

SODA ASH

BENTONl'l'l':

G 104 TRANSLUCENT ~1AT, WIIITE

.j ti fllll 6 u

FJo~I.IJSPAR (STANllARIJ)

WJIITING

BARIUM CARBONATE

COLEMANITE

FLINT (QUARTZ POWDER)

ZINC OXIDE

TIN OXIDE

8 OPAQUE MIKY WHITE GLAZE

ADD

.j ~fllll 7

STANDARD BORAX FRIT

(FERRO 3134)

BARIUM CARBONATE

BALL CLAY (~U~l~111-l£]"{)

i', I RCON 111~1 S I T.f CAT!•:

COBALT OXIDE

2 COPPER OXIDE

9 SEMl-OI'M)UE WIIJ'J'E CLAZE

STANDARD BORAX FRIT

(FERRO 3134)

llAI{ IU~1 CAIWONA'J'I·:

BALL CLAY (~u~l~111-ID{)

ZIRCONlUM SILlC:ATE

)3.0

26.0

1 2. ()

3.7

3.3

2.0

13

13

12

10

3

3

80

16

10

1 11"

J %

65

15

10

10

32

J i1fl1l1 8 . 10 OPALESCENT JlLlJE WllTTE GL/\7,E

CALCIUM BORATE FRIT

(COLEMIINITE)

1''1·: I ,I IS I' ill~ ( S'l'/1 N IJIIIW)

VIRIIITION

TIN OXIDE

IRON OXIDE(fERRIC OXIDE)

MANGANESE OXIDE

11 Sll.lNY Wlll'I'E GLAZE

.J t1VJ1l1 10 •

STANDARD BORAX FRIT

(fERRO 3134)

. . ' BALL CLAY (~U~ld11MD1) '

ZIRCONIUM SILICATE

1 2 Sill NY Cl{lo~IIM TAN CLAZE

STANDARD IlORIIX f"RIT

(fERRO 3134)

ZIRCONIUM SILlCIITE

RU'l'lLE(TlTANJUM DlOXlDE)

33

75

I 'i

10

10%

4%

4%

80

9

11

75

lll

15%

15%

J ~~111 11 . 20 SATIN NATT GLAZE

COLEMANITE 50

l.I'J'IIIliM CAili\ONA'J'I\ ]I,

llAIUUM CARllONA'J'E 17

CHINA CLAY(~U~l1U1lTI1l~) 12

FLINT(QUARTZ POWDER) 7

VARIATION

IRON OXIDE(FERRIC OXIDE) 15%

NIKI':i, OXJJJI': 1%

J <1m11 12 v

24 MUTED TERQUOISE GLAZE

J <1m11 1J v

STANDARD BORAX FRIT

(FERRO 3134)

. . ' llALL CLAY (~U~l~1lHD1) '

WHITING

ZIRCONIUM SILICATE

RUTILE(TITANIUM DIOXIDE)

COPPER CARBONATE

25 A MOTTLED DERK TERQUOISE GLAZE

STANDARD BORAX FRIT

(FERRO 3131>)

55

8

6

18

8

4

75

J il~Tt1 14 •

• 0 ' lli\LL CLAY (VIUI'Il~111-l£]'i)

ZTRCONT1JM STI.TCATF.

COBALT OXIDE

26 MOTTLED TURQUOISE GREEN GLAZE

STANDARD BORAX FRIT

(FERRO 3134)

FELDSPAR( STANDARD)

WIIITJNG

CIII N A CLAY ( ~II~ l1 II 'il TI 1l ti )

FLINT(QUARTZ POWDER)

CO!'I'ER OXlDE

28 URlGIIT TURQUOISE GLAZE

STANDARD BORAX FRIT

(FERRO 3134)

FELDSPAR( STANDARD)

WHITING

C:JILNA CLAY (~ll11l1111lf>1'H1)

FLINT(QUARTZ POWDER)

COPPER OXIDE

35

15

6%

3%

75

35

5

4

6

1%

50

35

5

4

6

1%

J iiVI1't1 16 . 29 BRIGHT TURQUIOSE BLUE GLAZE

J iiVI1't1 17 •

I''' ,·' ·. ' ' I!

STANDARD BORAX FRIT

(FERRO 3134)

CALCIUM BORAX FRIT

(COLEMIINITE)

WIIITING

FELDSPAR(STANlli\RD)

BENTONITE

1'1.1 NT(()IIi\ln'/, I'OWili•:IO

COPPER OXIDE

COBIILT OXIDE

30 OPAQUE HOLLY GREEN GLAZE

STANDARD BORAX FRIT

(FilRRO 3134)

42

22

7

20

5

I,

J%

0.5%

90

C:IIINi\ CLAY (~1111'11111'lih·ni) 10

CROME OXIDE 2%

36

37

• 1

• 2

• ' J.

~ OA < 1060 C> + .. ll 1 1

BASE GLAZE J

aml1 1 •

40 SMOOT CREAM GLAZE

J aml1 z •

STANDARD BORAX FRIT

(FERRO 3134)

CHINA CLAY (~U~l1U1llhla)

FLlNT(QUARTZ PO\.JDER)

RUTILE(TITANIUM DIOXIDE)

45 CREAMl'1Y WHITE SEMI-OPAQUE GLAZE

.J aml1 J .

CALCIUM l.lORATE FRIT

(COLEMANITE)

ZINC OXIDE . . ' JlALI, CLAy ( m1~ lt)11H!i1)

TlfANIUM DIOXJDE

46 SEMI-OPAQUE GLAZE

CA I ,C I I IM 1\01~ A'li': 1·'1~ I'['

(CALf\MANlTE)

fELDSPAR . . '

llAU. CLAY (ml~ ~<)11H!J1)

FLINT (QUARTZ POWDER)

38

(1101°C)CONE 03

70

20

]()

4

75

13

12

3

35

15

5

39

47 WIIITE OPAQUE GLAZE

CALCIUM BORATE FRIT 40

(COLEMANITE)

. . ' BALL CLAY (~U~1~11H[)1) 20

FLINT (QUARTZ POWDER) 40

VARIATION 1: TIN OXIDE 4%

2: COBALT OXIDE 0.75%

RED IRON OXIDE(FERRIC OXIDE) 2%

4R PINK TAN GLAZE

STANIJAIW JlORAX !·TIT 70

(l'r.RRO 3134)

ZlNC OXIDE 6

llAJUUM CARllUNATE 2

CJIINA CLAY ( ~ll~l1111lTil1~) 10

7.1RC:ONT11~1 C:ARilONATP. ~

RUTILE( TITANIUM DIOXIDE) . 2

50 PALE GRTmN LAVA GLAZE

STANDARD BORAX FR IT (JO

c FJ·:Jnw 31 v.)

ZINC OXIDE 20

CIIINA CLAY (~11!1111111TI11~) 5

l1LlN'J'(QUAWI'Z l'UWIJER) 5

RUTILE('J'ITANlUM DIOXllll!) 10

J ltil1l1 7 • 53 GRAY/PINK/GREEN GLAZE

J illlHI 8 •

STANDARD BORAX FRIT

. . ' BALL CLAY (~11~1fl11H~1) ' -

ZERCONIUM SILICATE

IRON OXIDE(FERRIT OXIDE)

SSG-87 TRANSPARENT MATT GLAZE

NllPIIELINil SYENITE

LITHIUM CARBONATE

ZINC OXIDE

WHITING

STLTCA (()lli\RT7. POWDER)

JlENTONlTE

J fl !Ill! 9 •

SSG-88 TRANSPARENT DRY MATT GLAZE

NCPII!lLTNil SYENITE

LlTIIJU~1 CARI\ONA'I'i':

ZINC OXIDE

lli\Rlll~1 CAHBONi\'1'1·:

Will'!' I Nt:

SILICA (QUARTZ POWDER)

1\I·:NTON I '1'1·:

t.()

65

8

20

7

31.1

2.9

26.3

5.3

Jl.'i

1 . ()

32.5

I. 4

20.0

b.H

r •• H

32.5

2.0

603 \1101 C>

BASE GLAZE CONE 1 (1154 °C)

.J ~ml1 1 v

WFG-13 SATIN MATT GLAZE

.J t1ml1 2 •

ZlNC OXlllE

FELDSPAR (STANDARD)

WHITING

SILICA (QUARTZ POWDER)

BENTONITE

t).!J

50.0

10.0

17.6

13.6

2.0

SSC:-1111 BLACK MATI' GLAZE

.J t1ml1 ·1 ..

Nf\PliELJNE SYENITE 28. S

FERRO FRIT 3134 48.9

Will TING 3. 0

SILICA(QUARTZ POWDER) 14.5

COili\LT OXTilE 2.D

CIIIW~ll·~ OXIIll·: 2.0

BLACK lRON OXlDE(FERRJC OXIDE) 2.0

SSC-ll5 01'1\QUI·~ CIINMJ\Ti\1. BLACK Sl'l'II-C:LOSS CI.i\7.1·~

NEPHELINE SYENITE 78.0

FI·:I!!Hl I·V IT 'l I '\1, Ill . 0

WIIITI NC I . 0

.J ~il1ll 4

COBALT OXlDE

COPPER OXIDE

MANGANESE DIOXIDE

IRON OXIDE (FERRIC OXlDE)

SSG-123 CLEAR SATIN-MATT GLAZE

J t1Yl'Jl1 s

COLEMANITE

SILICA (QUARTZ POWDER)

BENTONITE

~SG-125 CLEAR SATIN-MATT GLAZE

FERRO FRIT 3134

WliJTING

SILICA (QUARTZ POWDER)

BENTON I Tl\

SSG-127 CLEAR SEMI-MATT GLA'"E

l'EL!JSPAR (STANDARD)

COl .l·:f1AN I Tl·:

MAGNESlU~t CARBONATE

WIJITTNG

43

3.0

2 .ll

2.0

2.0

2.0

55.0.

17.5

22.5

1.0

38.0

·12 .n

16.0

10 .o

I . 0

20.0

29.0

.J ~11111 7 "

SILICA (()UARTZ POWDER)

BENTON[TE

SSG-128 MARKED CLEAR MATT GLAZE

.J 1111111 8 •

ZINC OXIDE

LITIUUM CARBONATE

TITANIUM DIOXIDE

WHITING

KAOLIN (~u~l1ulUl~)

SILICA (QUARTZ POWDER)

BENTONITE

SSG-131 SEMI-OPAQUE MATT GLAZE

ZINC OXIDE

.j ~11111 9

NEPHELINE SYENITE

LITIIIUM CARBONATE

BARIUM CARBONATE

WIILTINC

SILICA (QUART POWDER)

BENTON IT I\

SSG-133 OPAQUE WIIITE MATT GLAZE

L I Til LU~I CARBONATE

Ill\ I~ I ll~l I :At~ 1\0N/\'1'1',

WI 11'1' INC

25.0

2.0

20.0

12.0

7.5

4.5

16.5

38.3

1.2

9.6

40.8

2. 1

16.5

I I . 0

20.0

2.0

ll.5

111.11

J l1ml1 1 o .

ZINC OXIDE

SILICA (QUARTZ POWDER)

BENTONITE

SEG-27 CRATER GLAZE

FERRO FRlT 3134

NEPHELINE SYENITE

WIIITING

SILICON CARBIDE

BENTONITE

J l1 fl1l1 11 . WFG-14 MATf GLAZE

J !1111l1 1 2 •

ZINC OXIDE

FELDSPAR (STANDARD)

WIITTTNG

SILICA (QUARTZ POWDER)

lll\N'l'ON 1'1'1':

WrG-15 OPAQUE MATT GLAZE

ZINC OXIDE (CALCINED)

FELDSPAR (STANDARD)

WlllTJ NG

SIL lCA (QUARTZ POWDER)

45

8.1

20.2

1.2

39.4

49.6

18.0

2.0

2.0

6.0

58.1

9.0

14.8

12. 1

2.0

8.0

56.3

8.3

16.2

11.2

2 .II

~

lf\11aU <BASE>

~ 1 < 11:JL1 c >

CONE 04 .. .. J

1060°C lHHU111) l lfl1 'i l r-1111 , ,

CONE 03 .. .. J 1101°C lHHU1111 lJfl 1 'il ~1111 ,

"

CONE 1 .. .. J 1154 °C lHHU l111lJn 1 'i l r.t 111 , ,.

r.ttln1'il1~HHHll1 BASE GLAZE q c1J I I

iHU1111lln 1'i l r.t1lll1ll1t1lll ~ilU \J \J

. ... , v • v

ll Yl lll iH~1n'llu~1nflll 1 ~tl'i~n1'i _1 ... J,t v v ~ '•t ..

l 'iJ ll t11'ilfllJl1 Yl 1 11~YlllliCHli'l l l ll1l'ill1[U

V ") '\ ... ..j I I) .J Vlfhlll 1 ~ l Llllll BASE 1111111111 ~111n11M1 ,

I

Yl1~'1

V V c;i vJ q I Vc:4 f ~ ~Jll'l l ~1 ll'i!Hl1'i 11J~1nfl 1 1 ll'il1 l'i!Jll ll 111 OXIDE ~11 m1 lllrli1::11 l \1'1 1111 ,

' ~r1u 1 ·1 •

J iiYnl1 10 •

I I'· .y ., .: , lllll'l'Jl1VIi.ld,lWJ,1ll ~llllhlii'I'Jl'rl tdll . 'l ' ' 11'11 <1 OX II >I·: m ·1'1

'l " 'l ' " \lunHtu~ ~ lWl\1\1

CONE 04 "'I ~ .J '-' '-' • I

<HUMJllJ 1060°C lJ BASE GLAZE ll1lll1l 'llll'lllll1~iliH~il . .

12 SIIINY CREAM TAN GLAZE

STANDARD BORAX FRIT 7 5

( 11EIWO J 1 J4)

q • ' BALL CLAY (ml~l~1lHLJ1) 10

ZIRCONIUM SILICATE 15

RUTlLE(TlTANIUM DIOXIDE) 15%

1. MAGNESIUM CARBONATE 2%

2. MANGANESE DIOXIDE 2%

3. NIKEL 1%

4. FERRIC OXIDE 2%

5. CHROME OXIDE 1%

6. COBALT SULPlli\TE 0.5%

7. COBALT CARBONATE 0.5%

8. COBALT OXIDE U.25%

9. COPPER SUPIIATE 1%

10. KUI'I'I\R OXIDI\ o. o%

11. COPPER OXIDE 1%

.•1 l tl 'rl

47

•

~mYi 10 •

~ OLl < 1060 C>

BASE v ...r ~ v <\ v

GLAZE Y11ll llllf1HLU::lilf1Hlmi1::m

v c:S ~ G G '1Jlll1Jll ll1Vll fl01

I .., q V

ll I'l l lJ lnt ~ 1 'HU 1 Vlll Cl1 "

d v I I t ~

1 n n u Ill I u n :: 11 111 ll1111 ._, 11111 1 Ylll l m1 '

'hl~lT1~rl1l CONE 04

V<jJ l111111l11111

J' ., v

Hltrl11'l1ll llfl:;

I V

Cl.t\7.E ~nvi'111ll.J~1tl l 1ll.ltl 11\ll'lll!H~;l

J ~mn 11 "

20 SATIN MATT GLAZE

COLEMANITE

LITHIUM CARBONATE

BARIUM CARBONATE

CIIINA CLAY (~Wu11111lTI11ct)

fLINT(QUARTZ POWDER)

ADD: NIKEL OXIDE J v 4

OXIDE 11'\ ~ fta

50

14

17

12

7

1%

v .r COBALT OXIDE (CoO) ~"u

Fe 2o

3 coo

1 0. 25

2 2 0.25

3 4 0.25

4 8 0.25

5 0. 75

(, 2 0.7~ --··-----· -------~- ~---------

7 4 (). 75 -

8 e 0.75

C) l. _)

10 2 1. 5

11 4 1.5

12 il I. )

13 2.5

14 2 2.S

}_) I, 2.5

16 8 2.5

17 MANGANESE DIOXIDE

18 FERRIC OXIDE

19 MAGNESIUM CARBONATE

20 COPPER SULPHATE

21 KUPPER OXIDE

22 COBALT SULPHATE

23 C.IIROMl~ oxnm

24 FERRlC OX LDE

2%

2%

2%

1%

6.5%

1%

1%

15%

SATIN MATT GlAZE A 04 C 10601:1

50 COL£MANITE liTHWM rARBCNTE BAI.JUM CARBONATE CHINA CLAY fliNT ADD : NIK£l 000£

14 11

ll 1

II·

50

'l 1 l v~,1 J .y • '\ v d .., o!l ~ .1' IHln1'iY1V1flu-.l t1 OXIDE lHl \ lH1VI1Y1 11 u '111 11l\11tunHru::tf1umt~JV1l::Jll~tll

" I

~ -l ::J 11111 11~ ~ 11!U1ll0 1 y'j1lH ~ 1ll1lll1l l1l11:; 1lll-.l1llrlrH tl111l ~ 1 ll i1:; 'l ~ll·l 'bllll'lurH~ illll

GLAZE CONE 1 i\utU11Jl~·htn11ll11~ 115la°C ~·n, ·nt 2 11m~i' ntti\1 tlrl u

.j ~VI1't1 9 •

OPACUE WHITE ~1ATT GLAZE

NEPHELINE SYENITE

LITI!lUM CARBONATE

BAH Ill~! CAH\lONATE

42.2

11.5

\C.S

WHITING 10.0

ZINC OXlDE B. I

SILICA (QUARTZ POWDER) 20.2

BENTONlTE 1.2

OXIDE ~'l :I ") • .. " Ll lln'J1~1Ju8-l~ulllll\llll~dlJ1JiHLmlil\J

1

2

:l

4

5

(,

7

K

9

10

I I

12

13 -----~

14

15

"

FERRIC OXIDE (fe2o3

)

COBALT OXIDE (CoO)

Fe2o1 CoO

2

2 1 ~·

2 2

2 3 ~

4 ~~~-

4 1

4 2

I, 'l

8

8 1

K 2

8 3

1 -------

2

3

~I

• flr)

52

OPAGUE ~HITE MAH ~lAZE NEPH£UNE ~YENTE 4Z.Z UTHIUM CARBONATE 11.5 BARIUM CARBONATE 16.5 NHITIN(i 10.0

ZINC. OXIDE 8.1 BENTONITE t.Z 51LICA lO.l

d t [ 1154 '0

1 z " 1-

... 4 5 6 f-e

' 0

1 e 9 10 0

10 11 It ll e It 8

I~ 14 13 l j ~

1 I •• .I I 't m1 lll 11\m" lllil ~

SSG - 128 MARKED CLEAR MATT GLAZE CONE 1 ( 1154 °C)

ZINC OXIDE 20.0

LITlliUM CARBONATE 12.0

TJTANJUM DIOXl!Jil 7.5

WHITING 4.5

KAOLTN ( ~ \1 1111" .11 il1 ) 1G.5

SILICA (QUARTE POWDER) 38.3

BENTONITE 1.2

o!l .J \J " lJ "" "\ -II ~l J .., " ....

'l1n1J1 ~~1Jnl11U~V111 I 'l11~ l1U\11 \\1111 111m11111 fhltl111111'111ll I 11.1l1l~ 1111' I •

~1~~~tu1!1'11 n11'1~ NIKEL OXIDE , MACANESE DIOXIDE uu~ TlN OXIDE

'\""' ._, .!j,\._, J ~· '\" "" 'l:o 1111i1\1lt1H11111!1l1i111 11iii\HIU~11111lll~11111\'l1 !11'1\111il1111111'll " " .

11 1111 'li'H\11\ilr11\ll

._, I .1 ~1 , ._, ,._ I .., C: .Jv \J q I I

il ~ 1 'Iii '111\1 I lll\'1 ~<iII Ylll\11 tl'l~ 'l Ill~ 17111 11'111 "1 ~ ll l ill vllllf11 'Ill mil 11\111111111 'l HIWJ 1\11

A BASE GLAZE + OXIDE

B !lASE: CLA7,E + MANCANESI'. DIOXIDI'. l.2%,TIN OXIIJ" R% +OXIDE

IJ BASI·: t:LAZI\ + N.IKI·:L OXIIII\ L,% + TIN OX IIJI-: I W:1 OX IIJI:

J. 'l" 4 OXIDE nwnn n flil FERRIC OXTDT\ (1'!'10

1) UH~ COHAI.T OXTDI\ (CoO)

,---- ''- ---- ---~- ------

Fc 2o3 CoO

1 2

2 I,

3 6

4 (, (). _S

r ) (, I

(, 6 2

7 8 2

./,l v lhl1l 'l1l1~1Llil.Jl1 ~l

MARKED CLEAR MATT rm(

& 15 z( l. 9 16 l~ ~ 10 17 l4 4 11 I& z~

5 tz " j z~ 6 13 zo Z.7 J , 14 jli .Z&J

Zit«: OXIll I.JTHIUN CM80NATE TITANIIIet DIOXIDE MilliN& IWJUN SiliCA BENTON IT£

lO.O IZ.O 7.5 4.5

16.5 303

l.l

.J i1YI1l1 7 "

V i I <' . / I 'l •j .-j q !1-l lll fhll111'll't 11 q l il !ll1l ~~ Wl

·~ o1 •I v lllil l ' l ' lllllli11111lltli1111U::

<I v q •I v v v V I <j .j1 v I 'l l1!1111iltllfl11111 llll ~lll1111l11~11lil.Jlli111 ll~lll)l l'lllllill ~

54

~1~~ J ~~~a11~1~d~i1u~u~n11~~an~L~~nu~n~~1nL~1 . " ~ '111111 ~'Ill

'

'1 1 ~~ 111~' ~ G ~lllllll il!J'\111 ~ ll'l 'H 1 iH 111ll 11' ~llll ~~ lliJIIL W1~\l .. j • ..... ·• 111::: il ~ l 'li.l 'Fl 'l!l1ll HiJ -J

"

li1~11'1lU 10 lll r. .... ~

-::j '1111111 \-1 il-JlHI ~HIt rl 'lli-HI rlll

v • v

l~lll~ I ~II 1~1\lll

..j .., .... ... < '

l II D ~ 'l 'IIH \ 11!1 'lft l 'l 11111\1 HI\ lll!l

J CONE Ol ~m11 11

"

J "'\ J'l v l\10111 \ ~~111 LLH~LD1 BASE GLAZE J

11~111 7 CONE 01;

~fl11llll1ll'l!::i'lll "

J dY\111 11 •

SATIN MATT GLAZE

COCI\fiAN I Tl\

LlTIIIUN CAHllONATE

flARIUN CARflONATE

ClllNA CLAY 1 ~1171111111ii1111 1

fLINT (QUARTZ POWDER)

Allll : NT K 1\L oxrnE

J. '\"· OXIDE ~111111 ~~il FERRIC OXIDE (Fe 2o3)

CIIRONE: OXJDE (Cr 203) 1'1~~111~llu~ll1n

----.----· fe 2o3 CoO Cr 2o1

1 2 0.5

2 2 u.s •

3 2 1

4 2 2 "

su

14

17

12

7

1%

' COBALT . OXIDE: (CoO) uu:::

-···

Fe 2o3 CoO

5 2

(J 2

7 2

8 4

0.25

I

I

--~--

l'e203 CoO Cr 2o3 l'e203 C:oO C:r 2°1

q I, 0.5 29 2 2 o.s

10 4 1 30 2 2 1

11 4 2 31 4 0.5 0.2S

12 4 0.25 32 4 0.5 0.)

13 4 0.5 33 4 0. 5 1

14 4 1 34 4 1 0. 25

15 8 35 4 l 0.5

16 8 0.5 36 4 1 1

17 8 l 37 4 2 0.2S

18 8 2 38 4 2 0.5

19 8 0. 25 3l) 4 2 I

20 8 0.5 40 8 0.5 0.25

21 8 1 41 8 0.5 0.5

22 2 0.5 0.25 42 8 0.5 1

23 2 0.5 0.5 43 8 1 ll. 25

21, 2 0. _S 1 1,4 R 1 [) . .--,

25 2 1 0.25 45 8 l 1

26 2 1 0.5 46 8 2 0.25

27 2 I 1 1,7 H 2 l) ' r)

28 2 2 0.25 48 8 2 1

l,g 0.5 53 () • r)

'j() I r )/j () • ; 'l

Sl 2 )') I

')2 0.2S ')() 1.) ')

- ----- ------------ .... --- .

')7

1Hln1'il1VIflrl.Jl~ OX TDE lll~lfl~rlll CONE 111m~ 11 "

'\ ~ J' ''l vv v .. '11 I

1Hl l11'iV1 Yiflu -l llfl'i .JU V1 1 \ll 'IJ1lH~1li1 VIf111 l l \l lll\ll~lll I3i\SE .., J'

GLi\ZE mu

,.J .,j I 4 .., J <1 '11 ( .!j V V<S V

l ll () .J ~ 111 Jill f.lll V1 VI fl () .J l f1 rl u 111J 1 .J Vll Vllll1 VI .J 0 .J fl11 ll \ l 111111 1 'i ru ~J rl .J l fl fl ull '1J 1H l ~ 1 ~ .J V1 il .J 11 U fl '

.!j .., ~Y.., v

11 1 'iVlVIfliH l f1rlilUV1111 11 ,j I '1 0 I

GLi\ZE l'lll 11'1 ll ~ll1l1Yiflil.J l ct OX lDE

I

111.Jc11ll ,.J V 4 I "1

l l1ilVIul11m:: l f1t'lu11 Vlil 11l

J rlml1 7 ..

SEM I.- OPAQUE WIITTE GLAZE CONE OL•

STANDARD BORAX FRIT 65

(fERRO 3 13L•)

ilARIUM CARBONATE 15

ZlRCONlUM SlLICATE 10

·'· ·r OXllJ I~ 11l)·

MANGANESE DIOXIDE (MnO)

TIN OXIDE (TIN)

58

NIKEL OXIDE (NiO) SEMJ-OPAQUE WH1TE GLAZE FERRIC OXIDE (Fe

20

3)

COBALT OXIDE (CoO)

CHROME OXIDE (Cr2o

3)

rtun-n'l d OXJ DE

L1 OJ STANDARD BORAX FRlT 65 <FERRO ~1~4 > BAR1UM CARRONATE 15 BALL CLA~ 10 Z1RCON1UM 51UCATE 10

I I

I 4

"

I 6

' . I I

I

4 I

I ' I

'hl'Wl ut fl ~ m1 CONE 04

59

~1n0 2 TlN NiO f'e203 CoO Cr 2o3

I 2 4 0.4

2 2 4 2 0.4

3 2 4 4 0.4

I, 2 4 8 0.4

5 2 4 2 0.4 O.R

(, 2 !, 4 () ·'' [) . fl

7 2 4 8 () ./1 O.R

8 3.2 0.4

C) J.2 2 0.4

10 3.2 4 0.4

11 3.2 8 0.4

1:1 :I .:1 :1 () . ,, {l.H

13 3.2 4 0.4 0.8

14 3.2 8 0.4 0.8

15 4 2 0.4

16 4 2 2 0.4

17 I, 2 4 0.4

18 4 2 8 0.4

19 4 2 2 ().I, 0.8

20 ,, 2 I, 0.4 lUl

21 4 2 8 0.4 O.R

1 ' v Ill \\Ill~ i1llll1H l\1

'ld OXIDE

J ~Y11l1 9

• .... ·'J .,. ...

11 f:lllHLU::; ~Jil -ll fl ~Hlll ll1lJ L VllJ "

A -~ 'l " , , l H il11'1l fli1 il11 ll 1 11 .) 1\IViiJ\11

SSG - 88 TRANSPARENT DRY MATT GLAZE

NEPHELINE SYENITE 32.5

UTI/ Ll/H Ci\RIIIlNi\Tl': I . I,

/,INC OX Ill/\ 20.0

131\HTUH Ci\RBONi\TE (,.o

WHITING 6.8

SLUCATE (qUARTZ /'0\<lJER) 32.5

lli\NTONITE 2.0

f1n 0 TIN NiO Fc 2o3 CoO

1 0.4

2 2 0.4

3 4 0.4

4 8 0.4

5 2 0.4

6 4 0.4

7 8 0 .I,

8 2 I, 0.4

9 2 4 2 0.4

10 2 4 I, () .I,

11 2 4 8 0.4

12 2 4 2 0.4

]'\ 2 I, ,, II • 11

CONE Ol

Cr 2o3

O.H

0.8

0.8

0.8

II.H

61

M110 TJN NiO Fe 0 2 ) C:uO Cr 2o1

14 2 L, 8 () . I, 0.8

15 2 0.1•

1 (, 2 2 () .11

17 2 L, 0.4

18 2 8 0.4

1 C) 2 2 0.4 0.8

20 2 4 0.4 0.8

21 2 8 () .I, 0.8

22 4 2 0.4

23 4 2 2 0.4

24 I, 2 4 u .1·

25 4 2 8 0.4

26 4 2 2 0.4 0.8

27 4 2 4 0.4 0.8

28 4 2 8 0.4 0.8

v v

'1HH 'IJ 1l1l ~ 1

TRANSPARENT DRY MA 1T GLAZE

NEPHEliNE SYENITE ~2.5 UTH1UM CARBONATE 1.4 ZJNC OX1DE 20.0 BARlUM CARBONAlE 6.0 NHlTJNCi 6.6 SllJCA lt. ~ BENTON1TE Z.O

~03

~tun11'11VIuu.:~'l ~ OXIDE tl.Jl11l fiDrlll CONE 03 lim~ 9 "

62

Utl:::)lnn1'i'11VItlu.J .Oj V :(. Voj ..J V V .. 1 1 I v '1 V

l fl n u u VI 1 u tl-H'l '11ll\ 1 .J u n ::: VIlli l n ll 1 I 11 l 11 111 ::: n u n 1 'i 1 •IJ ., 1\1

63

J ~VI11'1 7 CONE 03 (llOl"C)

GRAY/PINK/GREEN GLAZE

STANDARD BOflAX FRIT

(FERRO 3131,)

. . (

BALL CLAY (~U~1111HQ1) •

8

ZIRCONIUM SILICATE 20

illl1ll<lll.llll11~tlil "hllltll" tll\1'11~1 •

0 = BASE GLAZE + OXIDE

A = BASE GLAZE + (MANGANESE DIOXIDE 2%,TIN OXIDE 4%) + OXJDE

ll llASJ·: C:LAZE + (MANC:ANJ\Sl·: IJJOXJIJJ\ :J.2%,TIN OXIIJI·: fl%) + OXIIJI·:

c = llASJ·: C:I.A7.1\ + (MANC:~~!F.SI\ Ill OX I Ill\ 1,%,'1'1 N OX I Ill\ !(17,) + OX !Ill\

IJ BASE GLAZE + (NIKEL OXIDE 2%) + OXIDE

E BASE GLAZE + (NlKEL OXIDE 3.2%) + OXIDE

f BASE GLAZE + (NlKEL OXIDE 4%) + OX.IDE

II BASE GLAZE + (NlKEL OXIDE 3.2% + TlN OXIDE 8%) + OXIDE

Llt;'.ll il'l\ll·;ti::Y\vllllfldll ox I Ill·: .. ,y

\'1 ,Jll '

Fc2o3 CoO C:r 2o3

1

2 2 () .1•

3 4 0.4

4 8 () . I,

5 2 Cl.i• O.H

6 4 () • I, 0.8

7 8 (). I, 0.8

STANDARD BORAX FRIT 55 < FERRO j134 > BALL CLAY Ei

ZIRCONlUM 51UCA1£ fO . £ 03<11m> .

1f34'6 1 0 ' 10 11 u ,~ u t~ t6 rr t&

'' 1;0 Z1 U 21 U t5 25 t:'l t.IJ 2' ,o '51 Sl ,., .. '' " ,., ~ " .., ~1 4t ,.., ~

~ .Y d .j I 'I v <'4 <I •" v 't V r.lflnl1l1Vlflu.Jfl'HU Li]ul1ull'iu L ~ r1n1:1ru:: l flflulJUlllll\ln lll'l1l il-l

.., \1 \1 .q

Lmn:: lillflll.J 111 'ilu -1 'il l'ril ~ lVl

v .y ~l-1 11

<j.J,\" m1 Vl

till B •

ADD : MANGANESE DIOXIDE 3.2%

TIN OXIDE 8%

Fe 2o3 CoO Cr 2o3 Fe 2o3 CoO Cr 2o3

1 23 8 0.4

2 0 .I, 24 R 0.8

3 0.4 0.4 25 8 1.2

4 1 0.4 26 0.4

5 2 () . I, 27 2 11 • I,

6 I 0.8 28 4 0,4

7 0.4 0.8 29 8 0.4

8 l O.R ]() 2 l

9 2 0.8 31 4 l

1 () 1.2 32 R \

11 0.4 1.2 33 2

1 2 l 1.2 34 2 2

I \ 2 I . 2 '\') ;, '

11, 2 3(, R 2

1 5 2 0.4 37 2 0.4 (I ,I,

I r, 2 IU\ ·~,q I, () .fl () . /I

1 7 2 1.2 39 2 1 II .4

\R I, I, II I, 1 (J./,

19 I, 0 ,I, 41 fl l II ,I,

2() I, 0.8 42 2 2 0.4

ll I, 1.2 I, l I, 2 () . ;,

22 8 44 R 2 () • I,

-

Fe2o3 CoO Cr 2o3

L, ') 2 0 . 4 0 .8

46 4 0 . 4 0 .8

47 8 0.4 0 .8

48 2 1 0 .8

49 4 1 0.8

so 8 1 0.8

51 2 2 0.8

52 4 2 0 .8

53 8 2 0 .8

re203

54 L,

55 8

56 2

57 4

58 8

59 2

60 4

61 8

I I J ~ 1 ,'P ... 10 n 11 ,, w ,, ,. 1T 19 11 10

CoO

0 . L,

0 . 4

1

1

1

2

2

2

5TANI <FERI BALL ZJRC(

ADD: MJ Zll

..

Cr 2o3

I . 2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1. 2

1.2

l. 2

1. 2

67

1111 E '

ADD : NIKEL 3.2 %

Fe 0 2 3 CoO Cr 2o3 Fe 2()3 [() () C:r /L\

1 0.4 27 4 0.4

2 0.4 0.4 28 8 0.4

3 1 0.4 29 1

4 2 0.4 30 2 l

5 0.8 31 4 1

6 0.4 0.8 32 8 1

7 1 0.8 33 2

8 2 0.8 34 2 2

9 1.2 JS I, 2

10 0.4 1.2 36 8 2

11 1 1.2 37 2 0.4 0.4

12 2 1.2 ]8 4 ll.li [I • 1,

l] 2 3<) fl (J .1• 0.4

14 2 () ./1 Ml 2 I () . I,

1 ~ 2 0.8 I, I I, I (I ,I,

1 (, 2 1.2 42 8 1 () . !,

1 7 I, I, "l 2 2 (1,1,

18 4 () ./J 41, 4 2 [I . I,

19 I, O.R ~~ ') R 2 l) . !,

2() I, 1 . :) 1,(, g 11.4 l). H

21 8 47 2 1 U.H

Fe2o

3 CoO

22 8

23 8

24 8

25 0 . 4

26 2 0 . 4

CONE 03

Cr 2o3

0 . 4

0 .8

1. 2

..1 11ml'1 7 "

'IJ~1E .

68

Fe2o3 CoO Cr2o1

48 4 0 . 8

49 8 1 0 .8

50 2 2 0 . 8

51 L~ 2 0 .8

52 8 2 0 .8

--, ___

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1 c + 3 4 10 - 8 0.4 -

2 l3 + 22 3.2 8 - 8

3 B + 24 3.2 8 8 0.8

I, ll + J'j 1,2 R 4 2

5 E + 21 3.2 8

G E + 22 3.2 8 0.4

7 E + 28 3.2 8 0.4

8 E + 38 J.2 I, (}. 4 ll.li

9 E + 42 3.2 8 1 0.4

I. C + 3 , 2.1\+22 1,,1\+:l'i,

7. ,,: r m,

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70

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85

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Conrad, John W. Ceramic Formulas. New York : Mamillan, 1973.

Chappell, James. The potter's Complete Book of Clay and Glazes. 3 rd ed.

New York : Watson-Guptill Publications, 1979.

Butler & Tanner Ltd., 1983.

lhcky, Jnmcs., and lbkc, W-i1_1-inrn /\. \V<1yfnrcr /\ VnicP From ThP ~1olln_U.!_i1ls.

Alabama : Bermingham, 1988.

Goldsmith, Art her. The Nude in Photography. Chicago, Illinis The Ridge

Press and Playboy Press, 1!)75.

Mather, Chri.stinc., nnd Woods, Shnron. Sn11La Fe SLyle. NcH Yod< ~~ i zzo IL'

International, 1986.

Time-life Book. Travel Photography. New York, 1972.

114

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1 4. 1 5 1 4 4 1 I 2 165

1 5. 1 5 1 4 3 4 1 I 2 200

1 6 • 1 5 1 2 4 3 4 112 250

17. 15 1 2 4 1 3 4 112 315

18. 1 0 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 112 375

19.20 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 112 498

23.00 559

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