flat earth koran 02 of 13 - the flat earth
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The Flat Earth Koran
02 of 13 The Flat Earth
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10th
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An interpretation of the Cosmology of
the Koran & a critique of Islamic
Fundamentalism
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The Common Cosmology of the
Ancient World
Many Ancient peoples had similar ideas about the
Universe which seem strange to us today.
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Greek Map of the World (500BC)
Reconstructed map
the known World
according to
Hecataeus of Miletus
(550-490 BC ) withGreece in the centre.
The World is roughly
circular & surrounded
by a World Ocean.
Similar ideas are found
In the Koran
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Mesopotamian Cosmos (See next slide)
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Mesopotamian Cosmos Legend
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The Common Cosmology of the Ancient
World
1. Ideas such as those in the previous few slides were common
throughout the Ancient World from Egypt to China.
2. Each culture had its own variation on this basic concept while
retaining the basic theme of a Tri-partite Universe sitting on
water.
3. The Earth was a flat disc centred on your own country and
surrounded by a World Ocean.
4. Below the Earth was a multi layered Underworld.
5. The Sky was a solid dome made from metal and precious
stones. There was a multi layered Heaven up in the Sky.6. The Sky was for the Gods, the Earth for Mortals and the
Underworld for the Dead. There was no ethical judgement
after death.
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The World of the Koran
The Koran contains similar ideas on Cosmology to
other Ancient peoples.
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Map of the World of the Koran
All the parts of
the World
mentioned in the
Koran fit into this
map.
The Americas,East
Asia,Sub-Saharan
Africa and Australia
are not mentioned in
the Koran.
Roman
Empire Persian
Empire
ArabiaEthiopia
Mecca
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Another view of the World of the
Koran
The World of the
Koran is Flat &
circular belowa solid Sky dome
or Firmament.
Mecca is
at the centre of
the World.
Canopy of the Sky
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The Cosmos of the Koran (See legend
on the next page)
The Koran assumes
a Universe like the
one shown on the
left.
This is essentially a
variation on the Ancient
Mesopotamian view of
the Universe.
Dozens of verses in
the Koran support this.
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Legend for the Cosmos of the Koran
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The Shape of the Earth in the Koran
is Flat & not Spherical as some claim.
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Indications of a Flat Earth in the Koran
1. The Sun is portrayed as shining on the whole of theEarths surface at the same time.
2. According to the Koran, the whole of the Earths
surface an be seen from a single point.
3. The Earth is referred to using descriptions orsimiles that relate to a Flat shape rather than a
Spherical one.
4. Earth is implied to be a flat circle.
5. Earth is described as being static and unmoving.
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When the Koran speaksof the Sun rising & setting,
it means this literally
& not figuratively.
The Koran is said to bethe literal words of God
speaking. God would
have known that
Geocentric Cosmology
was not true.
The Koran says that at
night, the Sun goes to
a resting place.
Surah 36:38 Sun going to its resting
place.
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Surah 36:38 Resting place of the Sun
Pickthall And the Sun runneth on unto a resting-place for him. That is the
measuring of the Mighty, the Wise.
Yusuf Ali And the Sun runs his course for a period determined for him:
that is the decree of (Him), the Exalted in Might, the All-Knowing.
Hilali-Khan And the Sun runs on its fixed course for a term (appointed).That is the decree of the All-Mighty, the All-Knowing.
Shakir And the Sun runs on to a term appointed for it; that is the
ordinance of the Mighty, the Knowing.
Sher Ali And the Sun is moving on to its determined goal. That is the
decree of the Almighty, the All-Knowing God.Khalifa The Sun sets into a specific location, according to the design of
the Almighty, the Omniscient.
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Surah 36:38 Continued
Arberry And the Sun -- it runs to a fixed resting-place; that is the
ordaining of the All-mighty, the All-knowing.
Palmer And the Sun runs on to a place of rest for it; that is the
ordinance of the mighty, the wise.
Rodwell And the Sun hasteneth to her place of rest. This, the
ordinance of the Mighty, the Knowing!
Sale And the Sun hasteneth to his place of rest. This [is] the
disposition of the mighty, the wise [God].
Irving The Sun runs along on a course of its own. Such is the
design of the Powerful, the Aware!
Dawood The Sun hastens to its resting place:Its course is laid for itby the Mighty One, the All Knowing.
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Copernicus & Galileo contradicted the
Koran as well as the Bible
Copernicus (1473-1543) Galileo (1564 1642)
Anyone wishing to interpret Sunrise & Sunset in the
Koran in a non-literal way must first demonstrate
Heliocentric knowledge within the pages of the Koran.
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Surah 31:29 The Sun & Moon are not in
the Sky 24/7.
The Koran Says that the
Sun & Moon each move
across the Sky for a
specific period of time &
then leave the Sky.
The Koran is not
aware that the Sun &
Moon are always visible
from somewhere on Earth.
This implies a belief in a
Flat Earth.
The Moon
disappears into Its
Mansions during daytime
The Sun
disappears underground
during night time
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Surah 31:29 Sun & Moon move in
similar manner but not 24/7
Pickthall Hast thou not seen how Allah hath subdued the Sun and
the Moon (to do their work), each running unto an appointed term.
Yusuf Ali Seest thou not that God has subjected the Sun, and the
Moon (to his Law), each running its course for a term appointed.
Hilali-Khan See you not (O Muhammad saw) that Allah hassubjected the Sun and the Moon, each running its course for a term
appointed.
Shakir Do you not see that Allah has made the Sun and the Moon
subservient (to you); each pursues its course till an appointed time.
Sher Ali Seest thou not that Allah has pressed the Sun and the Mooninto service; each pursuing its course till an appointed term.
Khalifa Do you not realize that God has committed the Sun and the
Moon in your service, each running in its orbit for a specific life span.
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Surah 31:29 Continued
Arberry Hast thou not seen how that God has subjected the Sun and
the Moon, each of them running to a stated term?
Palmer Dost thou not see that God has subjected the Sun and the
Moon, - each of them runs on unto an appointed time?
Rodwell Seest thou not that God hath subjected the Sun and the
Moon to laws by which each speedeth along to an appointed goal?
Sale Dost thou not see that God compelleth the Sun and the Moon toserve [you]? Each [of those luminaries] hasteneth [in its course] to a
determined period.
Irving Have you not seen how God regulates the Sun and Moon:
each runs along on a fixed course.
Dawood Do you not see how God has pressed the Sun and Mooninto his service, each running for an appointed term.
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Surah 31:29 & 36:38 are wrong about
the Sun
In reality, the Sun
does not run to
a resting place.
Nowhere in theKoran is there any
reference to the
Earth orbiting the
Sun.
Indeed, Surah 18claims that the Sun
is just a little light
in the sky.
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Surah 31:29 & 36:38 are wrong about
the Moon also
The Moon does not orbit
for a period of time &
then stop for a while torest like the Sun is also
supposed to do.It is
always in orbit.
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Surah 18:85 - 86 Setting place of the Sun.
The Sun sets
in a muddy pool
of water in the
West.
The Koran
describes this
as being a
specific place
that peoplecan go to
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Surah 18:85-86 Setting place of the Sun.
Pickthall And he followed a road till, when he reached the setting-place of
the Sun, he found it setting in a muddy spring.
Yusuf Ali One (such) way he followed, until, when he reached the setting
of the Sun, he found it set in a spring of murky water.
Hilali-Khan So he followed a way. until, when he reached the setting
place of the Sun, he found it setting in a spring of black muddy (or hot)water.
Shakir So he followed a course. until when he reached the place where
the Sun set, he found it going down into a black sea.
Sher Ali Then he followed a certain way. until when he reached the
setting-place of the Sun, he found it setting as if in a pool of murky water.Khalifa Then, he pursued one way. When he reached the far west, he
found the Sun setting in a vast ocean.
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Surah 18:85-86 Continued
Arberry Then he followed a way until, when he reached the setting of
the Sun, he found it setting in a muddy spring.
Palmer Then he followed a way until when he reached the setting of
the Sun, he found it setting in a black muddy spring.
Rodwell Then followed he a route,until when he reached the setting ofthe Sun, he found it to set in a miry fount.
Sale Then he continued [his] way until he came to the place where the
Sun setteth; [and] he found it to set in a spring of black mud.
Irving So he followed a [certain] course until when he reached the
place where the Sun sets, he found it setting in a mucky spring.
Dawood He journeyed on a certain road until he reached the West and
saw the Sun setting in a pool of black mud.
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Surah 18:89 - 90 Rising place of the
Sun
The Sun rises
up out of a
muddy pool
of water in the
East.
The Koran
describes this
as being a
specific place
that people
can go to
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Apollo rising from the sea at Dawn.
The story in the Koran about the Sun rising from the sea
resembles the story in Greek Mythology about Apollo causing
Sunrise by rising out of the Eastern Sea.
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Analysis
1. At night, the Sun leaves the Sky and goes to a resting place.
2. This resting place is underground or under water in the West
3. There are specific places on Earths surface where the Sun
rises & sets that a person can go to.
4. In the morning, the Sun rises up into the sky, a long way off in
the East & at night it goes back underground.5. The Koran does not seem to know that during Night time in
one part of the World, there is daytime on the other side of the
World. It has no concept of local time.
6. This implies a Flat Earth where the position of the Sun in the
sky is the same for everyone all over the World.7. There is a hint of the Ancient Middle Eastern belief that the
Sun goes under the Flat Earth at Night, from West to East,
possibly on a Subterranean Ocean.
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The resting place of the Sun
When read literally & taken together, these four passages
suggest that the Sun travels under a Flat Earth.
(Surahs 18:85-86,18:89-90,31:29, 36:38 )
Setting place
of the Sun
Underground resting placeof the Sun during the Night
Setting place
of the Sun
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Mesopotamian Cosmology
In Mesopotamian Cosmology, the Sun travelled across the Sky
during the Day & returned to the East underground at Night
Ocean of Heaven
Waters under the Earth
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Islamic Fundamentalist
Counterarguments.
1. Islamic Fundamentalists cannot accept this interpretation ofthese passages.
2. They most likely will argue that the language about the Sunmoving is figurative, poetic or non-literal in some way.
3. They may say that we use the phrases Sunrise andSunset in everyday speech without meaning them literally.
4. Furthermore, they may say that the references to the Sunsetting in a body of water merely describe somebody standingon the coast and watching the Sun disappear below thehorizon.
5. Fundamentalists might further claim that the reference to therising place of the Sun is figurative, like the way we call JapanThe Land of the Rising Sun without meaning it literally.
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Surah18:85-86 Fundamentalist
InterpretationIslamic
Fundamentalists
Sometimes try and
claim thatSurah18:85 - 86
merely describes
the Sun disappearing
below the horizon.
But this is not what
the words involved
actually say.
Sun disappears below horizon
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Surah18:89-90 Fundamentalist
InterpretationIn Surah 18:85 90
the setting & rising
places of the Sun are
not just what you seewhen watching the
Dusk or Dawn.
These places are
described as specific
locations on Earths
surface that you
can go to.
Sun appears above horizon
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Reply to Fundamentalist Counterarguments.
The terms Sunrise & Sunset are linguistic relics of a time before
AD1700 when everyone thought that the Earth was static & that theSun moved.These terms reflect our ancestors limitedknowledge.However, God does not suffer from limitedknowledge.When God refers to the motion of the Sun, he means itliterally.
The Koran does not say that the Sun disappeared below the horizon.It says that the Sun entered a body of water just like in many AncientMyths.
The name Land of the Rising Sun for Japan was first used inAncient China when it was believed that the Sun did literally rise inthe East near Japan. The name persists today even though the
original justification for it is no longer accepted.The Koran seems toagree with the Ancient Chinese Geocentric belief.
Muslims never knew about Heliocentricity before Copernicus &Galileo despite centuries of studying the Koran.
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Land of the Rising Sun
The Ancient and
Medieval Chinese
used to think that
the Sun literally
rose in the Eastsomewhere near
Japan.
The name has
remained even
though we no
longer believe
in a literal Sunrise.
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Rising and Setting places of the Sun
on the Flat Earth
Setting Place Rising Place
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1. All of the Earths surface can be
seen from a single point
Surah 18:47 Surah 57:4 Surah 84:1
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Surah 18:47 All Earths surface
visible from one point
Pickthall And (bethink you of) the Day when we remove the hills and
ye see the Earth emerging, and We gather them together so as to
leave not one of them behind.
Yusuf Ali One Day We shall remove the mountains, and thou wilt see
the Earth as a level stretch, and We shall gather them, all together, nor
shall We leave out any one of them.Hilali-Khan And (remember) the Day We shall cause the mountains to
pass away (like clouds of dust), and you will see the Earth as a levelled
plain, and we shall gather them all together so as to leave not one of
them behind.
Shakir And the day on which We will cause the mountains to passaway and you will see the Earth a levelled plain and We will gather
them and leave not any one of them behind.
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Surah 18:47 Continued
Sher Ali And bethink of the day when we shall remove the mountainsand thou wilt see the nations of the Earth march forth against one
another and we shall gather them all together and shall not leave any
one of them behind.
Khalifa The day will come when we wipe out the mountains, and you
will see the Earth barren. We will summon them all, not leaving out asingle one of them.
Arberry And on the day We shall set the mountains in motion, and
thou seest the Earth coming forth, and We muster them so that We
leave not so much as one of them behind.
Palmer And the day when we will move the mountains, and thou
shalt see the (whole) Earth stalking forth; and we will gather them,
and will not leave one of them behind.
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Surah 18:47 Continued
Rodwell And call to mind the day when we will cause the mountains topass away, and thou shalt see the Earth a levelled plain, and we will
gather mankind together, and not leave of them any one.
Sale On a [certain] day we will cause the mountains to pass away,
and thou shalt see the Earth appearing plain [and even]; and we will
gather [mankind] together, and we will not leave any one of thembehind
Irving Some day We shall set the mountains travelling along and you
will see the Earth lying exposed
Dawood Tell of the day when we shall blot out the mountains and
make Earth a barren waste.
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Surah 84:1- 4 Earth spread out
Pickthall When the Heaven is split asunder And attentive to her Lordin fear, And when the Earth is spread out.
Yusuf Ali When the Sky is rent asunder, and hearkens to (the
Command of) its Lord, and it must needs (do so); And when the Earth
is flattened out.
Hilali-Khan When the Heaven is split asunder, and listens and obeysits Lord, and it must do so; And when the Earth is stretched forth.
Shakir When the Heaven bursts asunder, and obeys its Lord and it
must. And when the Earth is stretched.
Sher Ali When the Heaven bursts asunder, and hearkens unto her
Lord - and this is incumbent upon her - and when the Earth is spread
out.
Khalifa The time will come when the Sky is ruptured, it will submit to
its Lord and expire. The Earth will be levelled.
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Surah 84:1-4 Continued
Arberry When Heaven is rent asunder and gives ear to its Lord, and isfitly disposed; when Earth is stretched out
Palmer When the Heaven is rent asunder and gives ear unto its Lord,
and is dutiful! And when the Earth is stretched out
Rodwell When the Heaven shall have split asunder and duteously
obeyed its Lord; And when Earth shall have been stretched out as aplain, and when the Earth shall be stretched out.
Sale When the Heaven shall be rent in sunder and shall obey its Lord,
and shall be capable [thereof]
Irving When the sky will split open and listen to its Lord as it ought
to,suddenly the Earth will flatten out.
Dawood When the Sky is rent apart obeying her lord in true
submission; when the Earth expands.
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Surah 57:4 God can
see all of Earths
surface from his
throne in Heaven
With a Spherical Earth,
God cannot observe all of
the surface at the same
time.
S h 57 4 G d ll f E th
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Surah 57:4 God can see all of Earths
surface from his throne in Heaven
Only on a
Flat Earth, can
God see all of
Earths surface
from his throneup in the Sky
in Heaven.
See Presentation
04 of 11Heaven in the Sky
In this series.
S h 57 4 G d ll f E th
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Surah 57:4 God can see all of Earths
surface from his throne
Pickthall Then He mounted the Throne. He knoweth all that entereth theEarth and all that emergeth therefrom and all that cometh down from the
Sky and all that ascendeth therein and Allah is Seer of what ye do.
Yusuf Ali And is moreover firmly established on the Throne (of
Authority). He knows what enters within the Earth and what comes forth
out of it, what comes down from Heaven and what mounts up to it andGod sees well all that ye do.
Hilali-Khan And then Istawa (rose over) the Throne (in a manner that
suits His Majesty). He knows what goes into the Earth and what comes
forth from it, what descends from the Heaven and what ascends
thereto and Allah is the All-Seer of what you do.
Shakir He knows that which goes deep down into the Earth and that
which comes forth out of it, and that which comes down from the Heaven
and that which goes up into it and Allah sees what you do.
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Surah 57:4 Continued
Sher Ali Then he settled Himself on the Throne. He knows what
enters the Earth and what comes out of it, and what comes down from
the Heaven and what goes up into it and Allah sees all that you do.
Khalifa Then assumed all authority. He knows everything that enters
into the Earth, and everything that comes out of it, and everything that
comes down from the Sky, and everything that climbs into it. God
is seer of everything you do.Arberry Then seated Himself upon the Throne. He knows what
penetrates into the Earth, and what comes forth from it, -- what comes
down from Heaven, and what goes up unto it and God sees the
things you do.
Palmer Then He made for the throne; and He knows what goes intothe Earth and what goes forth therefrom, and what comes down from
the Sky and what goes up thereinfor God on what ye do doth look!
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Surah 57:4 Continued
Rodwell Then ascended His throne. He knoweth that which entereth
the Earth, and that which goeth forth from it, and what cometh downfrom Heaven, and what mounteth up to it; and wherever ye are God
beholdeth all your actions!
Sale And then ascended [his] throne. He knoweth that which entereth
into the Earth, and that which issueth out of the same; and that which
descendeth from Heaven, and that which ascendeth thereto forGod seeth that which ye do.
Irving Then He mounted on the throne. He knows what penetrates
the Earth and what issues from it, and what comes down from the sky
and what soars up into it.God is observant of anything you do.
Dawood And then he mounted the throne.He knows all that goes intothe Earth and all that emerges from it. All that comes down from
Heaven and all that ascends to itGod is cognizant of all your
actions.
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1. Descriptions and similes used for
the Earth.
Surah 2:22, Surah 13:3, Surah 15:19, Surah 20:53,
Surah 43:10, Surah 51:48, Surah 57:21,Surah 71:19
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Descriptions and similes used for the
Earth The Earth is not described as being spherical or is it
compared with any spherical objects such as a ball or
pomegranate.
Words and similes used to describe the Earth imply Flatnessrather than a Spherical shape.
The Earth is described as being spread out or level Level
The Earth is compared to a bed or couch.
All these suggest a belief in a Flat Earth.
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Th E th i t d ib d
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The Earth is not described as a
Spherical object in the Koran
Instead, it is compared
with flat objects and
described in a manner
that indicates flatness
rather than a sphericalshape.
It is compared to:
A bed or couch
A carpet A wide expanse
All of which are flat.
Koran
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Surah 2:22 Earth is like a Couch,Bed or
Carpet
Pickthall (God) who hath appointed the Earth a resting-place for you,
and the Sky a canopy.
Yusuf Ali (God) who has made the Earth your couch, and the Heavens
your canopy.
Hilali-Khan (God) who has made the Earth a resting place for you, andthe Sky as a canopy.
Shakir (God) who made the Earth a resting place for you and the
Heaven a canopy.
Sher Ali (God) who made the Earth a bed for you, and the Heaven a
roof.Khalifa (God) the One who made the Earth habitable for you, and the
Sky a structure.
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Surah 2.22 Earth is like a Couch or
Bed & the Sky is a covering
The surface
of Earth is like
the floor of a
Bedouin tent
where people
would rest on
a Bed, Couch
or Carpet
The floor of atent is always
Flat.
Canopy of the Sky
covering aFlat circular Earth
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Surah 20:53 Earth is like a Bed, Carpet
or Cradle
Pickthall Who hath appointed the Earth as a bed and hath threaded
roads for you therein.
Yusuf Ali "He Who has, made for you the Earth like a carpet spread
out; has enabled you to go about therein by roads (and channels)
Hilali-Khan Who has made Earth for you like a bed (spread out);and has opened roads (ways and paths etc.) for you therein.
Shakir Who made the Earth for you an expanse and made for you
therein paths.
Sher Ali It is he who has made the Earth for you a bed and has
caused pathways for you to run through it.
Khalifa He is the One who made the Earth habitable for you, and
paved in it roads for you.
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Surah 20:53 Continued
Arberry He who appointed the Earth to be a cradle for you, and
therein threaded roads for you.
Palmer Who made for you the Earth a bed; and has traced for you
paths therein.
Rodwell He hath spread the Earth as a bed, and hath traced outpaths for you therein.
Sale [It is he] who hath spread the Earth as a bed for you, and hath
made you paths therein.
Irving [since he is the one] Who has laid out the Earth as a carpet
for you and has traced highways on it for you.
Dawood It is he who made the Earth your cradle and traced on it
paths for you to walk on.
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Surah 43:10 Earth is like a Bed, Carpet
or Resting place
Pickthall Who made the Earth a resting-place for you, and placed
roads for you therein, that haply ye may find your way.
Yusuf Ali (Yea, the same that) has made for you the Earth (like a
carpet) spread out, and has made for you roads (and channels)
therein, in order that ye may find guidance (on the way).Hilali-Khan Who has made for you the Earth like a bed, and has
made for you roads therein, in order that you may find your way.
Shakir He who made the Earth a resting-place for you, and made in
it ways for you that you may go aright.
Sher Ali He, Who has made the Earth for you a cradle and hasmade pathways for you therein, that you may follow the right way.
Khalifa He is the One who made the Earth habitable for you, and
created for you roads therein, that you may follow the right way.
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Surah 43:10 Continued
Arberry He who appointed the Earth to be a cradle for you, and
appointed ways for you therein, that haply you may be guided.
Palmer Who made for you the Earth a couch and placed for you
therein roads, haply ye may be guided.
Rodwell Who hath made the Earth as a couch for you, and hathtraced out routes therein for your guidance.
Sale Who hath spread the Earth [as] a bed for you, and hath made
you paths therein, that ye may be directed.
Irving The one who has placed the Earth as a cradle for you, and
traced highways for you on it so that you may feel guided.
Dawood It is he who made the Earth a resting place for you and
traced out routes upon it that you might find your way.
Surah 71:19 Earth is like a Carpet or
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Surah 71:19 Earth is like a Carpet or
wide Expanse
Pickthall And Allah hath made the Earth a wide expanse for you.
Yusuf Ali "'And God has made the Earth for you as a carpet. (spread
out)
Hilali-Khan And Allah has made for you the Earth wide spread (an
expanse).
Shakir And Allah has made for you the Earth a wide expanse.Sher Ali And Allah has made the Earth for you a wide expanse.
Khalifa God made the Earth habitable for you.
Arberry And God has laid the Earth for you as a carpet.
Palmer And God has made for you the Earth a carpet.
Rodwell And God hath spread the Earth for you like a carpet.Sale And God hath spread the Earth as a carpet for you.
Irving 'God has laid the Earth out as a carpet for you.
Dawood God has made the Earth a vast expanse for you.
The Koran describes the Earth as
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The Koran describes the Earth as
being spread out like a Carpet
Carpets are always
Flat when they
are spread out.
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Earth shown spread out like a flat
Carpet
Wide expanse of the Earth
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Surah 79:30 Egg shaped Earth?
He made the Earth eggshaped- Khalifa
Some say that this verse
describes the Earth as a sphere.
There is said to be an allusionto an ostrich egg which is
supposedly spherical.
But this is not an accurate
translation since eleven other
translations contradict it.
Besides this,the Earth is not
egg shaped.
Non Spherical Ostrich Egg
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Surah 79:30 Egg shaped Earth?
Pickthall And after that He spread the Earth.Yusuf Ali And the Earth, moreover, hath He extended. (to a wide
expanse)
Hilali-Khan And after that He spread the Earth.
Shakir And the Earth, He expanded it after that.
Sher Ali And the Earth, along with it, He has spread forth.Khalifa He made the Earth egg-shaped.
Arberry And the Earth-after that He spread it out.
Palmer And the Earth after that He did stretch out.
Rodwell And afterwards stretched forth the Earth.
Sale After his he stretched out the Earth.Irving And the Earth has He spread out besides.
Dawood After that he spread the Earth.
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Surah 79:26-31 Egg shaped Earth?
Lo! herein is indeed a lesson for him who fearethAre ye the harder to create, or is the Heaven that He built?
He raised the height thereof and ordered it; and He made dark
the night thereof, and He brought forth the morn thereof.
And after that He spread the Earth,
And produced therefrom the water thereof and the pasture
thereof
Surah 79:26-31- Pickthall
Viewed in context, verse 30 is part of a description of God creating
the Universe.Firstly, God created Heaven or the Sky and then liftedit up like a roof of a building. Next, he spread out Earth like a
flat floor.
Surah 79:26-31 God lifts up Sky &
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Surah 79:26-31 God lifts up Sky &
then spreads out Flat Earth beneath.
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The Earth is described as a being
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The Earth is described as a being
spread out in the Koran
God is described
as spreading out
the Earth while
creating it.
Likewise a baker
spreads out
dough by
flattening it.
This may be what
the Koran means
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Spreading out the Earth?
This dough has
been spread out
into a flat shape.
The Koran may
be describing
God spreading
out the Earth into
a flat shape in
a similar manner.
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Surah 13:3 The Earth was spread or
stretched out when it was created.
Pickthall And He it is who spread out the Earth and placed therein
firm hills and flowing streams, He placed therein.
Yusuf Ali And it is He who spread out the Earth, and set thereon
mountains standing firm and (flowing) rivers.
Hilali--Khan And it is He who spread out the Earth, and placed
therein firm mountains and rivers.
Shakir And He it is who spread the Earth and made in it firm
mountains and rivers.
Sher Ali And He it is who spread out the Earth and made therein
mountains and rivers.Khalifa He is the One who constructed the Earth and placed on it
mountains and rivers.
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Surah 13:3 Continued.
Arberry It is He who stretched out the Earth and set therein firm
mountains and rivers.
Palmer And He it is who has stretched out the Earth and placed
therein firm mountains and rivers.
Rodwell And He it is who hath outstretched the Earth, and placed onit the firm mountains, and rivers.
Sale [It is] he who hath stretched forth the Earth, and placed therein
steadfast [mountains], and rivers.
Irving He is the One Who has spread the Earth out and placed
headlands and rivers on it.
Dawood It was he who spread out the Earth and placed upon it
mountains and rivers.
Surah 15:19 The Earth was spread
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Surah 15:19 The Earth was spread
out like a carpet when it was created.
Pickthall And the Earth have we spread out, and placed therein firm
hills, and caused each seemly thing to grow therein.
Yusuf Ali And the Earth we have spread out (like a carpet); set thereon
mountains firm and immovable; and produced therein all kinds of things
in due balance.
Hilali--Khan And the Earth we spread out, and placed therein firm
mountains, and caused to grow therein all kinds of things in due
proportion.
Shakir And the Earth -- we have spread it forth and made in it firm
mountains and caused to grow in it of every suitable thing.
Sher Ali And the Earth have we spread out, and set therein firmmountains and cause every thing to grow therein in proper proportion.
Khalifa As for the Earth, we constructed it, and placed on it stabilizers
(mountains), and we grew on it a perfect balance of everything.
Surah 15:19 Continued
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Surah 15:19 Continued
Arberry And the Earth -- we stretched it forth, and cast on it firm
mountains, and We caused to grow therein of every thing justlyweighed.
Palmer And the Earth we have stretched out and have thrown on it
firm mountains, and have caused to grow upon it of everything a
measured quantity.
Rodwell And the Earth have we spread forth, and thrown thereon the
mountains, and caused everything to spring forth in it in balanced
measure.
Sale We have also spread forth the Earth, and thrown thereon stable
[mountains]; and we have caused every kind of [vegetable] to spring
forth in the same, according to a determinate weight.
Irving Earth have we spread out and cast headlands upon it, andplanted a bit of everything to grow there (so it is) well balanced.
Dawood We have spread out the Earth and set upon it immovable
mountains.
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Surah 51:48 The wide Earth was spread
out like a carpet when it was created
Pickthall And the Earth have We laid out, how gracious is the
spreader (thereof)!
Yusuf Ali And we have spread out the (spacious) Earth: How
excellently we do spread out!Hilali--Khan And we have spread out the Earth, how excellent
spreader (thereof) are we!
Shakir And the Earth, we have made it a wide extent; how well
have we then spread (it) out.
Sher Ali And the Earth we have spread out, and how excellentlydo we spread it out!
Khalifa And we made the Earth habitable; a perfect design.
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Surah 51: 48 Continued
Arberry And the Earth -- We spread it forth; O excellent
Smoothers!
Palmer And the Earth - we have spread it out; and how well we
lay it out!
Rodwell And the Earth - we have stretched it out like a carpet;and how smoothly have we spread it forth!
Sale And we have stretched forth the Earth beneath; and how
evenly have we spread [the same]!
Irving The Earth have we spread out; how blissful is the One
who has smoothed it off!Dawood And stretched out the Earth beneath it.Gracious is he
who spread it out.
Surah 3:133 & 57:21 Earths surface is
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Surah 3:133 & 57:21 Earths surface is
described as being as wide as Heaven
Happy Muslims in the Gardens of Paradise.
Earth
Sky
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S h 3 133 C ti d
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Surah 3:133 Continued
Sher Ali And hasten towards forgiveness from your Lord, & the
Paradise whose value is the Heavens & the Earth. It is prepared for
the God-fearing.
Khalifa You should eagerly race towards forgiveness from your
Lord and a Paradise whose width encompasses the Heavens & the
Earth; it awaits the righteous.
Arberry & a Garden the breadth whereof is as the breadth of
Heaven & Earth, made ready for those who believe in God & His
messengers.
Palmer & vie with one another for pardon from your Lord, and for
Paradise, the breadth of which is as the heaven & the earth,prepared for those who fear.
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Surah 57:21 Earths surface is
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described as being as wide as Heaven
Pickthall & a Garden whereof the breadth is as the breadth of the Heavens& the Earth, which is in store for those who believe in Allah and His
messengers.
Yusuf Ali & a Garden (of Bliss), the width whereof is as the width of Heaven
& Earth, prepared for those who believe in God & His apostles.
Hilali-Khan & towards Paradise, the width whereof is as the width ofHeaven & Earth, prepared for those who believe in Allah & His
Messengers.
Shakir & to a garden the extensiveness of which is as the extensiveness of
the Heaven & the Earth; it is prepared for those who believe in Allah & His
apostles.
Sher Ali & for a Garden the value whereof is equal to the value of the
Heaven & the Earth; it has been prepared for those who believe in Allah &
Khalifa & a Paradise whose width encompasses the Heaven & the Earth. It
awaits those who believed in God and His messengers.
S h 57 21 C ti d
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Surah 57:21 Continued
Arberry & a Garden the breadth whereof is as the breadth of Heaven &Earth, made ready for those who believe in God & His messengers.
Palmer & Paradise, whose breadth is as the breadth of the Heavens &
the Earth, prepared for those who believe in God & His apostles!
Rodwell & Paradise - whose outspread is as the outspread of the
Heaven & of the Earth: Prepared is it for those who believe in God & Hisapostles.
Sale & Paradise, the extent whereof equalleth the extent of Heaven &
Earth, prepared for those who believe in God & his apostles.
Irving & a garden broader than the Sky plus the Earth, which has been
prepared for those who believe in God & His messenger.
Dawood & a Paradise as vast as Heaven & Earth, prepared for those
who believe in God & his Apostles.
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1. Earth is Flat and circular
If the Sky is a dome, then the Earth is
circular.
Surah 2:22, Surah 21:32, Surah 40:64
The Sky is described as a Canopy
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The Sky is described as a Canopy,
Roof or Dome
Many verses of
the Koran
describe the Sky
as being like a
Canopy,Roof or
Dome.
This implies
a Flat circular
Earth beneaththe solid Sky.
Canopy of the Sky
Surah 2:22 The Sky is described as a
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Surah 2:22 The Sky is described as a
Canopy, Roof or Dome
Pickthall Who hath appointed the Earth a resting-place for you, and
the Sky a canopy.
Yusuf Ali Who has made the Earth your couch, and the Heavens your
canopy).
Hilali--Khan Who has made the Earth a resting place for you, and theSky as a canopy.
Shakir Who made the Earth a resting place for you and the Heaven a
canopy.
Sher Ali Who made the Earth a bed for you, and the Heaven a roof.
Khalifa The One who made the Earth habitable for you, and the sky a
structure.
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Surah 2:22 Continued
Arberry who assigned to you the Earth for a couch, and Heaven for an
edifice.
Palmer who made the Earth for you a bed and the Heaven a dome.
Rodwell who hath made the Earth a bed for you, and the Heaven acovering.
Sale who hath spread the Earth as a bed for you, and the Heaven as a
covering.
Irving [He is] the One who has made the Earth a carpet for you and
had the Sky built above you.
Dawood who has made the Earth a Bed for you and the Sky a dome.
Surah 21:32 The Sky is like a Roof
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Surah 21:32 The Sky is like a Roof,,
Canopy or Ceiling
Pickthall & we have made the Sky a roof withheld (from them). Yet
they turn away from its portents.
Yusuf Ali & We have made the Heavens as a canopy well guarded: yet
do they turn away from the Signs which these things (point to)!
Hilali--Khan & We have made the Heaven a roof, safe and wellguarded. Yet they turn away from its signs (i.e. sun, moon, winds,
clouds, etc.).
Shakir & we have made the Heaven a guarded canopy and (yet) they
turn aside from its signs.
Sher Ali & we have made the Heaven a roof, well-protected, yet they
turn away from its Signs.
Khalifa & we rendered the Sky a guarded ceiling. Yet, they are totally
oblivious to all the portents therein.
Surah 21:32 Continued
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Surah 21:32 Continued
Arberry & we set up the Heaven as a roof well-protected; yet still fromOur signs they are turning away.
Palmer & we made the Heaven a guarded roof; yet from our signs they
turn aside!
Rodwell & we made the Heaven a roof strongly upholden; yet turn they
away from its signs.Sale & we made the Heaven a roof well supported. Yet they turn aside
from the signs thereof, [not considering that they are the workmanship
of God].
Irving We have placed the Sky as a roof which is held up even though
they shun its signs!Dawood We spread the Heaven like a canopy and provided it with
strong support:Yet of its signs they are heedless.
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Surah 40:64 The Sky is like a Canopy
Pickthall Allah it is who appointed for you the Earth for a dwelling-
place and the Sky for a canopy.
Yusuf Ali It is God who has made for you the Earth as a resting place,
and the Sky as a canopy.
Hilali--Khan Allah, it is He who has made for you the Earth as adwelling place and the Sky as a canopy.
Shakir Allah is He who made the Earth a resting-place for you and the
Heaven a canopy.
Sher Ali Allah is he who has made for you the Earth a resting-place
and the Heaven a structure for protection.
Khalifa God is the One who rendered the Earth habitable for you, and
the Sky a formidable structure.
S h 40 64 C i d
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Surah 40:64 Continued
Arberry It is God who made for you the Earth a fixed place andHeaven for an edifice.
Palmer God it is who has made for you the Earth as a resting-place,
and a Heaven as building.
Rodwell It is God who hath given you the Earth as a sure foundation,
and over it built up the Heaven!Sale [It is] God who hath given you the Earth for a stable floor, and the
Heaven for a ceiling.
Irving God is the One Who has granted you the Earth to settle down
on and the Sky built above you.
Dawood It is God who has made the Earth a dwelling place for you
and the Sky a ceiling.
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1. East and West are described as
places
Surah 43:38
Surah 43:38 The 2 East's & 2 West's
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Surah 43:38 The 2 East s & 2 West s
Above: The two East's, the most
Extreme points The Horizon where
The Sun appears to rise.
Left: The two West's, the mostExtreme points The Horizon where
The Sun appears to set.
Ali battling an Islamic Devil (Shaitan)
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Ali battling an Islamic Devil (Shaitan)
The Koran says that Devils
follow people around and
lead them astray while
pretending to be their friends.
God says that on JudgementDay such people will wish
that they were as far away
from Devils as East & West
or two points on the horizon.
This assumes that such pointsare real places.
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Surah 43:38 God refers to East and
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Surah 43:38 God refers to East and
West as places
Pickthall Ah, would that between me and thee there were the distance of
the two horizons - an evil comrade!
Yusuf-Ali "Would that between me and thee were the distance of East
and West!" Ah! evil is the companion (indeed)!
Hilali-Khan "Would that between me and you were the distance of the two
east's (or the east and west)" a worst (type of) companion (indeed)!
Shakir O would that between me and you there were the distance of the
East and the West; so evil is the associate!
Sher Ali Would that between me and thee were the distance of the East
and the West!' What an evil companion he is!
Khalifa "Oh I wish you were as far from me as the two east's. What amiserable companion!"
Surah 43:38 God refers to East and
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Su a 3 38 God e e s to ast a d
West as places
Arberry Would there had been between me and thee the distance of the
two east's!' An evil comrade!
Palmer O, would that between me and thee there were the distance of
the two orients, for an evil mate (art thou)!
Rodwell "O Satan, would that between me and thee were the distance of
the east and west." And a wretched companion is a Satan.
Sale would to God that between me and thee [there was] the distance of
the east from the west! Oh how wretched a companion [art thou]!
Irving "Alas, if the distance between the two east's only lay between you
and me! He's such an awful soulmate!"Dawood Would that we were as far apart as the east is from the
west.Indeed, evil is that companion.
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1. Earth described as Static and
Unmoving
This does not necessarily imply flatness but it
supports a Geocentric Cosmology
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Surah 30:25 Earth standing still
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Surah 30:25 Earth standing still
Pickthall & of His signs is this: The Heavens and the Earth standfast by His command.
Yusuf Ali & among His Signs is this, that Heaven and Earth stand
by His Command.
Hilali--Khan & among His Signs is that the Heaven and the Earth
stand by His Command.Shakir & one of His signs is that the Heaven and the Earth
subsist by His command
Sher Ali & of his Signs is that the Heavens and the Earth stand
firm by his command.
Khalifa Among His proofs is that the Heaven and the Earth arestanding at His disposal.
Surah 30:25 Continued
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Surah 30:25 Continued
Arberry & of His signs is that the Heaven and Earth stand firm by
His command.
Palmer & of His signs is this, that the Heavens and the Earth
stand by His order.
Rodwell & of his signs also one is that the Heaven and the Earth
stand firm at his bidding.Sale & of his signs [this also is one, namely], that the Heaven
and the Earth stand firm at his command.
Irving Among His signs are [the fact] that the Sky and Earth hold
firm at His command.
Dawood By another sign, Heaven & Earth stand firm at hisbidding.
Surah 27:61 Earth is a fixed abode
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Pickthall Is not He (best) Who made the Earth a fixed abode.
Yusuf Ali Or, who has made the Earth firm to live in.
Hilali--Khan Is not He (better than your gods) Who has made the Earth
as a fixed abode.
Shakir Or, who made the Earth a resting place, and made in it rivers.
Sher Ali Or, who made the Earth a place of rest.
Khalifa Who is the One who made the Earth habitable.Arberry He who made the Earth a fixed place and set amidst it rivers.
Palmer He who made the Earth, settled.
Rodwell Is not He, who hath set the Earth so firm.
Sale [Is not he more worthy to be adored], who hath established the
Earth.Irving Who set the Earth up as a residence,laced it with rivers.
Dawood (Surely worthier is) He who established the Earth.
This Earth is static and unmoving
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This Earth is static and unmoving
The Koran is referring
to an Earth that
looks like this.
This Earth is static &unmoving.
Surah 35:41God holds Heaven and
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Earth firmly in position?
The Earth in reality moves around
the Sun and is not at all
fixed in a static position as the
Koran suggests.
Surah 35:41 makes sense on
a Flat static Earth though.
Surah 35:41God holds Heaven and
E th fi l i iti
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Earth firmly in positionPickthall Lo! Allah graspeth the Heavens & the Earth that they deviate not,
& if they were to deviate there is not one that could grasp them after Him.
Yusuf Ali It is God Who sustains the Heavens & the Earth, lest they cease
(to function): & if they should fail, there is none - not one - can sustain them
thereafter.
Hilali-Khan Verily! Allah grasps the Heavens & the Earth lest they move
away from their places, & if they were to move away from their places,there is not one that could grasp them after Him.
Shakir Surely Allah upholds the Heavens & the Earth lest they come to
naught; & if they should come to naught, there Is none who can uphold
them after Him.
Sher Ali Surely, Allah holds the Heavens & the Earth lest they deviate fromtheir positions. & if they did deviate, none can hold them back but he.
Khalifa God is the One who holds the Heavens & the Earth, lest they
vanish. If anyone else is to hold them, they will most certainly vanish.
Surah 35:41Continued
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Arberry God holds the Heavens & the Earth, lest they remove; did they
remove, none would hold them after Him.Palmer Verily, God holds back the heavens and the earth lest they
should decline; & if they should decline there is none to hold them back
after Him.
Rodwell Verily God holdeth fast the Heavens & the Earth that they pass
not away: and if they were passing away none could hold them back but
He.
Sale Verily God sustaineth the Heavens & the Earth, lest they fail: And if
they should fail, none could support the same besides him.
Irving God grasps both Heaven & Earth lest either one should slip out
of place. If either should slip out of place, no one else would hold on to
them besides Him.Dawood It is God who keeps the Heavens & the Earth from falling.
Should they fall, none could hold them back but him
Surah 35:41God holds Heaven and
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Earth firmly in position
Above: Gods hands reach down from above in order to grasp Heaven
& Earth and hold them firmly in position.
Heaven / Sky
Earth
Summary
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1. The Koran refers to the Sun leaving the sky at night
and going underground.
2. All of Earths surface can be seen from a single
place.
3. Earth is described using terms such as level or
spread out and similes suggesting flatness such
as bed, carpet, couch or cradle.
4. The Earth is described as static and immobile.
5. All of this indicates a belief in a Flat Earth.How can
the Koran be of divine origin if it contains such
absurd beliefs?
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