March 2015

www.floratech.com

Sunless tanners aided byjojoba-derived emollientSunless tanners aided byjojoba-derived emollient

Floratech 4pp REPRINT PCEuroMar15.qxp_Layout 1 24/02/2015 09:25 Page 1

2 PERSONAL CARE Reprinted from March 2015

Tiffany N. Oliphant – Floratech, USRobert A. Harper PhD – Harper & Associates, US

SUNLESS TANNING

Floraesters K-20W Jojoba [INCI Name:Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters (and) Water] has been shown to enhance the efficacyand sensory properties of multiple finishedcosmetic and personal care formulations,and has been explored in variouscategories such as creams/lotions, handsanitisers, nonwoven wipes, sunscreens,mascara/eyeliner, shampoos/conditioners,toners/astringents, face washes, and oil-free formulations. Its film-formingproperties make it ideal for rinse-offproducts and products that require waterresistance or an extended period ofresidence time on the skin.

Formulation benefitsThe substantivity of Floraesters K-20WJojoba makes it well-suited to entrapmolecules at the skin surface. Forexample, in combination with glycerinFloraesters K-20W Jojoba enhances skinmoisturisation; additionally sunscreenactives used in combination withFloraesters K-20W Jojoba are retained onthe skin after water immersion. Clinicalstudies have also shown that Floraesters

K-20W Jojoba is effective at reducingirritation-associated erythema, as well as playing an active role in skin barrierfunction and restoration.

Floraesters K-20W Jojoba (now

referred to as ‘the jojoba-derivedemollient’) exhibits good substantivity, iswater resistant, and is soluble in mostalcohols and glycols. Including it withinformulations results in a rich emolliencyon skin, as well as contributing tobotanically-derived, oil-free, andbiodegradable claims. This jojoba-derivedemollient is also Ecocert certified,sustainable, and EU and China REAChcompliant.

Clinical studyIn double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical studies, the jojoba emollient in a sunless tanning lotion (containing 5% dihydroxyacetone and 2% glycerin)was shown to provide the followingbenefits:� 80% of consumer preference with

regard to the smell of the sunlesstanning lotion (Fig. 1)

� 82% of consumer preference foroverall product preference (Fig. 2)

� 78% of consumer preference foroverall tanning experience, as well as >50% preference for other skin

Sunless tanners aided byjojoba-derived emollient

Figure 1: Consumer smell preference.

n Consumers preferring the smell of sunless tanning lotion with Floraesters K-20W Jojoba

n Consumers preferring the smell of sunless tanning lotion without Floraesters K-20W Jojoba

80%

20%

Figure 2: Product characteristics. Figure 3: Skin characteristics.

Overall productpreference

Rinse-off(hands)

Spreadability

Smell ofproduct

Slideacrossskin

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

Overall tanningexperience

Longevityof tan

Moisturisation

Evennessof tan

Overallcolour

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

n Vehicle +0.5% K-20W +0.5% Erythrulose (pH=5.5)n Vehicle +1.0% Erythrulose (pH=5.0)

Floratech 4pp REPRINT PCEuroMar15.qxp_Layout 1 24/02/2015 09:25 Page 2

SUNLESS TANNING

Reprinted from March 2015 PERSONAL CARE 3

attributes such as evenness of tan,moisturisation, longevity of tan, andthe overall colour (Fig. 3)

� Prolonged skin colour retention overthe vehicle by up to 20% (Fig. 4)

� Increased skin hydration over all testarticles by up to 16% at 24 hours post application (Fig. 5).

Product and skincharacteristicsAll of the following studies were run double blind and randomised. Up to 1%jojobaderived emollient was incorporatedinto sunless tanning lotion vehicles (which all contained 5% dihydroxyacetoneand 2% glycerin). Dihydroxyacetone (INCI: Dihydroxyacetone) was supplied by EMD Chemicals Inc.; Erythrulose (INCI: Erythrulose) was supplied by DSM Nutritional; and Dermacryl-79 (INCI: Acrylates/OctylacrylamideCopolymer) was supplied by Akzo NobelChemicals.

Three applications of each sunlesstanner were made to the lower legs byfemale consumers over three days. The consumers evaluated the productcharacteristics as well as skincharacteristics three and seven days after the initial application of two sunlesstanners. They were asked to indicateapreference between a sunless tannerwith 0.5% jojoba-derived emollient and0.5% erythrulose, a sunless tanner with1% erythrulose, or to indicate nopreference. A summary of the consumers’preferences, of those that chose apreference, can be seen in Figures 2 and 3.

Consumers stated an overall preference for the sunless tanning lotionwith 0.5% jojoba-derived emollient overthe vehicle 82% of the time for overall product preference and 78% for overalltanning experience. Other areas where the jojoba-derived emollient performedparticularly well were smell of the product,spreadability, evenness of tan andlongevity of tan.

Colour retentionBaseline Mexameter melaninmeasurements for skin colour were takenon normal backs. One application of each test article was then made to the appropriate test site (2.5 mg/cm2).Measurements were repeated 24, 48,72, and 96 hours post test articleapplication.

The jojoba-derived emollient enhancedskin colour retention in a sunless tannercontaining 5% dihydroxyacetone betterthan the vehicle test articles at 24, 48,72, and 96 hours. Peak change in skincolour occurred at 24 or 48 hours for

all test articles that did not include thejojoba-derived emollient, and at 72 hoursfor those that did contain the jojoba-derived emollient. Figure 4 shows the per cent change in skin colour associatedwith sunless tanning. All test articlescontaining the jojoba-derived emollientproduced statistically significantly(p<0.05) higher per cent changes in

skin colour than the vehicles at the 72and 96 hour time points.

Skin hydrationBaseline skin hydration measurements (via Corneometer) were taken on normalbacks. One application of each testarticle was then made to the appropriatetest site (2.5 mg/cm2). Measurements

Figure 4: Increased skin colour retention with the addition of Floraesters K-20W Jojoba

in a sunless tanning lotion.

Figure 5: Increased skin hydration with the addition of Floraesters K-20W Jojoba

in a sunless tanning lotion.

Incr

ease

in s

kin

colo

ur f

rom

bas

elin

e (%

)[M

exam

eter

–M

elan

in]

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Cha

nge

in s

kin

hydr

atio

n fr

om b

asel

ine

(%)

[Cor

neom

eter

]

15

12

9

6

3

0

–3

24 hours 48 hours 72 hours 96 hours

Time [24 hours]

n Vehicle +1.0% K-20W +1.0% Erythrulose (pH=5.0)n Vehicle +0.5% K-20W +0.5% Erythrulose (pH=5.5)n Vehicle +1.0% K-20W (pH=5.5)n Vehicle +1.0% Erythrulose (pH=5.0)n Marketed product (pH=3.2)n Vehicle (pH=5.5)n Vehicle +1.0% Dermacryl 79 (pH=5.5)n Vehicle (pH=4.0)

n Vehicle +1.0% K-20W +1.0% Erythrulose (pH=5.0)n Vehicle +0.5% K-20W +0.5% Erythrulose (pH=5.5)n Vehicle +1.0% K-20W (pH=5.5)n Vehicle +1.0% Erythrulose (pH=5.0)n Marketed product (pH=3.2)n Vehicle (pH=5.5)n Vehicle +1.0% Dermacryl 79 (pH=5.5)n Vehicle (pH=4.0)

Floratech 4pp REPRINT PCEuroMar15.qxp_Layout 1 24/02/2015 09:25 Page 3

SUNLESS TANNING

4 PERSONAL CARE Reprinted from March 2015

were repeated 24 hours post test articleapplication.

The jojoba-derived emollient increasedskin hydration in a sunless tannercontaining 5% dihydroxyacetone better thanall other test articles at 24 hours. Figure 5shows the per cent change in skin hydrationfrom baseline, 24 hours after test articleapplication. Test article C [vehicle + 1% K-20W (pH=5.5)] resulted in a statisticallysignificant (p<0.01) increase in skinhydration 24 hours post test articleapplication. All test articles containing the jojoba-derived emollient producedstatistically significantly (p<0.05) higher per cent changes in skin hydration than allother test articles.

Example formulaThe emollient phase featuring the jojoba-derived emollient which in combination with glycerin, provides a synergisticmoisturisation package that combats thedrying-effect caused by dihydroxyacetone(DHA). The jojoba-derived emollient alsocontributes to the product aesthetic withregard to slip and spreadability. The film-forming nature of the ingredient trapssunless tanning actives within the upperlayers of the skin, resulting in prolongedcolour retention. Even at low percentages,the jojoba-derived emollient functions as a truly unique cosmetic ingredient insunless tanning lotions.

Many sunless tanners are formulatedwithin a pH range of 3-5 to ensure thestability of DHA, which typically results in a more even and natural-looking tan.However, the jojoba-derived emollientallows for a slightly elevated pH range (5.0-5.5), more similar to the skin’s natural pH, without sacrificing the colour or evenness of the tan.

Formulation 1 is a starting point for

many possible sunless tanning lotions andgel formulations, and can be modified andadded upon to create a high performancesunless tanning product.

ConclusionFloraesters K-20W Jojoba, a jojoba-derivedemollient, is shown to be an extremelyvaluable addition to sunless tanningformulas, offering benefits to skin feel,spreadability, hydration, and colour retention.

Floraesters K-20W Jojoba can alsoprovide benefits to other product categories.

Formulation 1: Sunless tanner.

Phase Trade/Common Name INCI Name % wt./wt.

A Simulgel EG1 Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl 3.00 Taurate Copolymer (and) Isohexadecane (and) Polysorbate 80

Cetiol LC2 Coco Caprylate Caprate 3.00

Glycerin, USP3 Glycerin 2.00

Floraesters K-20W® Jojoba4 Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters (and) Water (Aqua) 0.50-1.00

B Deionized Water Water q.s.

Dihydroxyacetone5 Dihydroxyacetone 5.00

Erythrulose6 Erythrulose 0.50-1.00

C Fragrance Fragrance q.s.

Sepicide HB7 Phenoxyethanol (and) Methylparaben (and) 0.80 Ethylparaben (and) Propylparaben (and) Butylparaben

D Citric Acid (30% solution) Citric Acid (and) Water q.s.

Procedure:Phase A: Combine Simulgel EG, Cetiol LC and Glycerin USP of in a suitable vessel; then addspecified amount of Floraesters K-20W Jojoba. Phase B: Combine water and Dihydroxyacetone in a separate vessel; then add specified amount of Erythrulose. Add phase B to phase A withmoderate stirring. Add phase C to combined phase AB, in the order listed, with moderate stirring.Phase D: Adjust to specified pH with the Citric Acid (30% solution).

Manufacturers1 Seppic 2 BASF Corporation 3 The Dow Chemical Co. 4 Floratech5 EMD Chemicals, Inc. 6 DSM Nutritional Products 7 Thor Specialities Ltd.8 Archer Daniels Midland Co.

Numerous studies have demonstrated its ability to moisturise skin making it idealfor a multitude of formulations. It also has high substantivity even after rinsing in water, making it suitable for sportsunscreens and long-wearing makeup thatdoes not dry the skin. In addition, due to its solubility in alcohols and glycols,Floraesters K-20W Jojoba also functionsvery well in hydroalcoholic systems, whichmakes it a good candidate for use in toners and astringents, perfume sprays,and after-shaves. PC

FloraTech Corporate Office291 East El Prado CourtChandler, AZ 85225Phone: +1-480.545.7000Fax: +1-480.892.3000Email: sales@floratech.com

Floratech 4pp REPRINT PCEuroMar15.qxp_Layout 1 24/02/2015 09:25 Page 4