fmhm - eee - final exam important questions

8/10/2019 FMHM - EEE - Final Exam Important Questions

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EEEFLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY

Unit Wise

Most Important theory& theoremQuestionsfor Final Eam

UNI!"#$ Flui% Statis an% Flui% 'inematis

!(eor) *uestions$#+ Differentiate between Real Fluid and Ideal Fluids.

,+ De-ne mass %ensit). /ei0(t %ensit) or speifi /ei0(t. spei- 1olume an% spei- 0ra1it)

an% epress relations amon0 t(em+

2+ W(at is 1isosit)3 State t(e Ne/ton4s la/ of 1isosit)+ W(at are %)nami 1isosit) an%

5inemati 1isosit)+ W(at are t(e units of %)nami 1isosit) an% 5inemati 1isosit)3

Eplain t(e p(enomenon of 1ariation of 1isosit) of li*ui%s an% 0ases /it( temperature+

6+ Explain the phenomenon of vapour pressure. How does vapour pressure affect fluid flow?

7+ What are the pressure measurin devices? Distinuish between manometers and mechanical

aues.

8+ Describe different t!pes of manometers with the help of neat s"etches.

9+ Explain pie#ometer and its merits and demerits with the help of neat s"etch.

:+ W(at is meant ;) atmosp(eri pressure. 0au0e pressure. 1auum pressure an% a;solute

pressure3 In%iate t(eir relati1e position on a (art+ Epress t(e relations(ip ;et/een

t(em+

) eplain t(e follo/in0 lassi-ation of >o/s /it( suita;le

eamples$ ?a@ Stea%) an% Unstea%) >o/+

?;@ Uniform an% Non"Uniform >o/+

?@ Laminar an% !ur;ulent >o/+

?%@ Compressi;le an% Inompressi;le >o/

?e@ Rotational an% Irrotational >o/+

?f@ one %imensional >o/. t/o %imensional

>o/. t(ree %imensional >o/+

#+ Desri;e stream line. stream tu;e. pat( line an% strea5 line /it( t(e (elp of neat s5et(es+

!(eorem *uestions$#+ De-ne surfae tension+ Bro1e t(at t(e relations(ip ;et/een surfae tension an% pressure

insi%e a %roplet of li*ui% in eess of outsi%e pressure is 0i1en ;) p 6%

,+ $rove that the relationship between surface tension and pressure inside a soap bubble in excess

of outside pressure is iven b! p % &'(d.2+ )tate and prove $ascal*s law.

6+ State an% eplain ontinuit) e*uation+ Deri1e ontinuit) e*uation for one %imensional flo/

an% state t(e assumptions learl) in %eri1in0 it+

UNI!",$ Flui% D)namis an% Close% Con%uit Flo/

!(eor) *uestions$#+ +ame the different forces present in a fluid flow. For the Euler*s e,uation of motion- which

forces are ta"en into consideration.


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,+ Explain Re!nolds Experiment with the help of a diaram. )tate the sinificance of Re!nold*s

number. How is the pipe coefficient f dependent on Re!nolds +umber.

2+ Disuss a;out t(e maor an% minor ener0) losses in pipe >o/ in %etail+

6+ Eplain t(e onepts of ()%rauli 0ra%ient line an% total ener0) line /it( t(e (elp of neat

s5et(es

7+ Mention 1arious flo/ measurin0 %e1ies alon0 /it( t(eir merits an% %emerits+

8+ /rin out clearl! the differences between venturi meter and ori0ce meter. Explain wh! 1d of a

venturimeter is more than that of ori0ce meter.

9+ What are the advantaes and disadvantaes of usin an ori0ce meter over a venturimeter?:+ W(at are t(e onstrution %etails of a Bitot tu;e an% Eplain (o/ it /or5s3

!(eorem *uestions$#+ State =ernoulli4s e*uation+ List t(e assumptions an% limitations /(i( are ma%e /(ile

%eri1in0 =ernoulli4s e*uation+ Eplain t(e 1arious pratial appliations of =ernoulli4s

e*uation+

,+ State t(e momentum e*uation+ Ho/ /ill )ou appl) momentum e*uation for %eterminin0

t(e fore eerte% ;) a >o/in0 >ui% on a pipe ;en%3

2+ Deri1e an epression?Dar)"/eis;a( e*uation@ for t(e loss of (ea% %ue to frition in a pipe

line+6+ Deri1e an epression for (ea% loss %ue to su%%en ontration of a pipe+

7+ Eplain /(at %o )ou mean ;) pipes in series an% pipe in parallel /it( a neat s5et(+ Deri1e

an epression for e*ui1alent pipe in parallel on%ition an% series on%ition+

8+ W(at is 1enturimeter3 Deri1e an e*uation for %is(ar0e t(rou0( 1enturimeter+

9+ W(at is Grifie meter 3 Deri1e an e*uation for %is(ar0e t(rou0( Grifie meter+

UNI!"2$ =asis of !ur;o Me(iner) an% an% H)%roeletri Bo/er Stations

!(eor) *uestions$#+ W(at is meant ;) impat of ets3 Eplain+

,+ State an% eplain momentum e*uation+ W(at are t(e pratial appliations of it3

2+ Explain how power potential is estimated from "nown h!droloical particulars at a h!dropower

plant site on a stream.

6+ W(at is mass ur1e3 W(at are t(e omponents of a mass ur1e3 W(at are its properties3

Eplain (o/ it is onstrute% from a ()%ro0rap(3

7+ What is meant b! flow duration curve and power duration curve? How do !ou differentiate

these? Explain the procedure for constructin such curves?

8+ Dra/ t(e t)pial la)out of ()%roeletri po/er plant an% eplain its omponents+

9+ Disuss /it( neat s5et(es t(e lassi-ation of H)%roeletri plants ;ase% on stora0e

(arateristis+

:+ 2ive the classi0cation of h!dropower schemes accordin to the extent of heads and brin out the

salient features with the help of neat s"etches.


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##+ Write s(ort notes on t(e follo/in0$

?a@ Brimar) flo/ ?;@ Seon%ar) flo/ ?@ Firm Bo/er

?%@ Seon%ar) po/er?e@ Loa% fator ?f@ Blant fator or apait) fator

?0@ Blant use fator or utiliation fator ?(@ =ase loa% po/er plant

?i@ Bea5 loa% po/er plant

!(eorem *uestions$#+ Find the expression for the force exerted b! a 3et of water on afixed flat vertical plate in the

direction of the jet.

,+ Find the expression for the force exerted b! a 3et of water on anfixed flat inclined plate in the

direction of normal to the plate.What are the components of this force in 4 and 5 directions?

2+ Fin% t(e epression for t(e fore eerte% ;) t(e et on aflat vertical plate moving in the

direction of the jet.

6+ Fin% t(e epression for t(e fore eerte% ;) a et of /ater on anflat inclined moving plate in

the direction of normal to the plate.W(at are t(e omponents of t(is fore in J an% Y

%iretions37+ Find the expression for the force exerted b! a 3et of water on a 0xed s!mmetrical curved plate

when 3et stri"es at the centre.

8+ Find the expression for the force exerted b! a 3et of water on a moving symmetrical curved plate

when jet strikes at the centre.

UNI!"6$ H)%rauli !ur;ines an% Berformane of H)%rauli !ur;ines

!(eor) *uestions$

#+ W(at is a tur;ine3 Eplain t(e lassifiation of tur;ines+

,+ Define ()%rauli. 1olumetri an% me(anial effiienies of a tur;ine+ W(at is G1erall

effiien)3

2+ Differentiate ;et/een$

a@ !(e impulse tur;ine an% reation tur;ine

;@ 'aplan tur;ine an% Bropeller tur;ine

@ !(e ra%ial flo/ tur;ine an% aial flo/ tur;ine

%@ !(e in/ar% ra%ial flo/ tur;ine an% out/ar% ra%ial flo/ tur;ine

6+ Dra/ a neat %ia0ram of a pelton tur;ine an% eplain its /or5in0+

7+ Dra/ a neat %ia0ram of a reation tur;ine ?Franis tur;ine or 'aplan tur;ine@ an% eplain

its /or5in0+

8+ What are the wor"in proportions of a 6aplan turbine ?

9+ W(at is a %raft tu;e3 Eplain /() %raft tu;e is pro1i%e% for a 'aplan tur;ine /(en

ompare% /it( a Belton /(eel+ Eplain /it( neat s5et(es %ifferent t)pes of %raft tu;es+

Ho/ %o t(e losses in t(e %raft tu;e effet t(e pressure at t(e runner eit+ Ho/ %o )ou -n%

t(e effiien) of %raft tu;e3

:+ What are the operatin characteristic curves of a h!draulic turbine? )"etch them and explain

their features and applications.


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,+ Ho/ /ill )ou o;tain an epression for t(e minimum spee% for startin0 a entrifu0al pump+

fmhm - eee - final exam important questions

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