food /exercise diary or essay option-questions? -if consuming the recommended number of
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Food /exercise diary or essay option-questions? -if consuming the recommended number of servings for each food group for one’s age and gender one is most likely meeting all of one’s dietary nutrient requirements. -hence no worries about consuming foods - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Food /exercise diary or essay option-questions? -if consuming the recommended number of servings for each food group for one’s
age and gender one is most likely meeting all of one’s dietary nutrient requirements.
-hence no worries about consuming foods without a food label
No discussion of pathology in the 2104 essay option- any questions on essay or dietary assessmentoption?
94/80AA displacement
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a) Proteins defined
contain carbohydrate, hydrogen and oxygen just like lipids and carbohydrates
but proteins also have nitrogen
shape and hence function depends on amino acid side chains
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Protein structure
considerable variety of proteins
variety comes from lots of different shapes and hence functions of protein
loss of shape-loss of function heat, acid, beating, chemically (e.g. urea)
get easier digestion and occasionally colour change
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IDATME of proteins and amino acids
Ingestion - oral, tube (whole protein, or protein hydrosylates or amino acids), IV (amino acids only)
Digestion•Stomach-acid and pepsin•Small intestine lumen-oligopeptides,tri- and
dipeptides, and amino acids formed•Small intestine wall-tri- and dipeptides formed
into single amino acids•Issues of dietary enzymes and pre-digested proteins
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IDATME of proteins and amino acids continuedAnimal proteins are generally very digestible and plant proteins are generally less digestible than animal proteins
Proteins vary in their digestibility due to variable dietary protein structures as well as other food ingredients and hence accessibility to protein digestive enzyme active sites
Complete plant proteins -soy - very digestible - close to many animal proteins’
digestibility -quinoa - about 10 % less digestible than soy
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IDATME of proteins and amino acids continued
Digestibility affects availability (WWFQ) of essential and non-essential and conditionally essential amino acids
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Transport Blood-amino acids alone
or as part of proteins
IDATME of proteins and amino acids continued
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PROTEIN METABOLISM
Proteins broken down to amino acids and amino acids then broken down to urea and water
Also have synthesis of non-essential amino acids in the body
Essential and non-essential amino acids and conditionally essential amino acids are made into proteins
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PROTEIN EXCRETION
Faeces- undigested protein and unabsorbed amino acidsUrine- urea and waterSweat- metabolic water formed by amino acid catabolism
Respiration- CO2 and water from amino acid catabolism
Saliva?-whole proteins
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STRUCTURE IN THE BODY PrimarySecondaryTertiaryQuaternary Globular Fibrous Undone - heat, chemically, mechanically, pH
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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED
NUTRIENT AND STORAGE PROTEINS
nutrient proteinsovalbumincasein
storage proteinsferritin
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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED
TRANSPORT PROTEINS
lipoproteinshemoglobinglucose transportersamino acid transporters
sodium potassium transporter
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PROTEIN FUNCTIONS CONTINUED
SIGNALLING PROTEINS
insulin sets off signalling cascade forglycogen synthesis