food production pathway - waters corporation€¦ · food adulteration was rampant during the...
TRANSCRIPT
[ FOOd PROductiOn wORkFlOw ]
[ Solutions for Ensuring A new generation of analytical approaches is being developed to reflect the changing flowpath of a food commodity as it
progresses through raw material procurement to final retail presentation. The statement “From Farm-to-Fork” implies a simple
pathway to obtain the food we consume. In reality, this is a complex journey as a raw food commodity passes through many
inspection and manufacturing processes before it reaches your local supermarket.
Oasis® SPE Cartridges
ACQUITY UPLC Columns
DisQuE™ Dispersive Samples Preparation
XBridge™, Atlantis®, SunFire™ and Specialty Columns for Food Testing
ACQUITY UPLC® System and Waters Laboratory Informatics
“Farm-to-fork” implementation requires solutions that ensure safety and quality along the complete food production chain.
Current and future concerns related to agriculture quality and food safety will increasingly require multidisciplinary and
universal approaches based on the use of simple detection systems “near to the foodstuff” and more rigorous assessment in
laboratory settings. Waters, through the development of innovative testing solutions, provides low cost, fast response tests
used for screening, as well as enabling technology for rapid confirmation of laboratory test results.
Filters AccQ•Tag® Ultra Amino Acid Analysis Solution
Certified Vials
Certified Sep-Pak® SPE Cartridges
Alliance® System and Waters Laboratory Informatics
a Safe Food Supply ]
[ FOOd PROductiOn Pathway ]
The concept of food safety is not new. For centuries, governing
bodies have been interested in regulating the food supply to ensure
the safety and wholesomeness of the food consumed by their citizens.
Food adulteration was rampant during the Middle Ages when
large cities began forming and residents no longer received their
food directly from a farm. This created opportunities for deception
from merchants and dealers who adulterated food with cheaper,
non-nutritious, and sometimes dangerous, ingredients. During the
mid-nineteenth century, regulations were established to end this
practice and Britain was one of the first countries to issue legislation
to combat food adulteration.
Control of raw materials and feed supply
Improvements in food processing
Monitoring of storage conditions
Logistics and transportation
Safety and quality of final products
Increasing controls of products at different critical steps of the food chain ensures:
Food production is a complex business that combines sophisticated production and management
schemes. A typical fruit orchard is a very capital and labor intensive enterprise that requires
approximately 3 to 4 years to achieve effective production. Typically, financial recovery occurs
around the 8th or 9th year. However, diseases, hurricanes, frosts, floods, droughts, and ecological
damage from wildlife and pests may threaten the viability of many farming operations before
they reach financial maturity.
Modern farming practices favor monocultural mass production that provides the ideal environment for pests to flourish. In the 1980’s,
a typical fruit orchard had a tree density of 200 trees per acre. Synthetic pesticides revolutionized the industry with more effective
and potent chemicals that can be used more efficiently. Now, modern high-density orchards maintain 1600 to 2400 trees per acre,
requiring chemicals, such as fungicides, insecticides, pre-emergence herbicides, spot herbicide application, pesticides, and fertilizers.
FOOd PROductiOn tiMElinE
Chemical usage varies from year-to-year and is related to:
Rainfall
Seasonal temperature
Wind velocity
Surrounding crops
Pest migrations
DISTRIBUTION/WAREHOUSE
FARM
It is estimated, in 2006, 20% of the grape crop harvested in Chile
never made it to market because of pathogens and other factors.
Storing various products in warehouses, especially food and perishable
items, presents unique challenges for pest and disease management
programs. There are nearly 30 different insect pests, several rodent
species, pest birds, and other nuisance animals that are attracted to
warehouse facilities. Combine these threats with bacterial and natural
toxins, warehouse facilities take precautions to control the venues for
contamination and damage to the stored items.
The inspection process is crucial for an effective food safety program. Since
conditions in production and warehouse storage facilities are constantly
changing, the inspection process is continuous. Today, several government
agencies, and contract and private laboratories carry out inspections to
enforce a comprehensive system of regulations governing food processing,
packaging, and distribution.
The chemicals used must be inexpensive, quick to apply and be effective to control:
Pests
Disease
Fungal threats
Shelf lifeDISTRIBUTION/WAREHOUSE
INSPECTIONMONITORINg
WATERS PRODUCTS AND CONSUMABlES FOR INSPECTION MONITORINg INClUDE:Oasis SPE cartridges
Certified Sep-Pak SPE cartridges
DisQuE dispersive sample preparation
Certified vials
Filters
XBridge, Atlantis, SunFire and specialty columns
Carbamate Analysis Kit
Melamine Analysis Packages
Alliance system
Waters Laboratory Informatics
Xevo™ TQ and QTof mass spectrometers
ACQUITY UPLC system and columns
VICAM products
RECOMMENDED PRODUCTS:VICAM strip tests and readers
PROCESSINg
MANUFACTURINg
WATERS PRODUCTS AND CONSUMABlES FOR MANUFACTURINg INClUDE:Oasis SPE cartridges
Certified Sep-Pak SPE cartridges
DisQuE dispersive sample preparation
Certified vials
Filters
ACQUITY UPLC system and columns
Alliance system
Waters Laboratory Informatics
XBridge, Altantis, SunFire, and speciality columns
Food additives are chemicals that are added to food in small amounts. Direct additives are added deliberately
during processing to make food look and taste better, maintain or improve nutritional value, preserve
freshness, and help in processing or preparation. Some additives help preserve food by preventing or slowing
chemical changes and the growth of microorganisms in food. Recent food additives include artificial sweeteners (such as aspartame and saccharin),
fat replacements, and artificial food colors in beverages, ice cream, cereals, and other foods. As many as 3,000 substances are approved by
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as direct additives. An additional 10,000 substances are present in foods as indirect additives.
These substances enter food incidentally during handling or from processing equipment or packaging.
Advances in chemistry have greatly expanded the knowledge of the additives that are
used in foods. As the use of food additives has grown, so has public concern about the
type and amount of these additives and their potential to cause cancer or other illnesses
in human beings. At the same time, some additives may actually provide a health benefit,
such as the vitamins used to commonly fortify foods like bread and milk.
Commonly-tested methods for inspection monitoring, processing, and manufacturing are:
Pesticides/herbicides
Vitamins
Veterinary drugs
Mycotoxins
Proteins and peptides
Adulteration
Melamine
Acrylamide
Sugars and carbohydrates
Authenticity
WATERS PRODUCTS AND CONSUMABlES FOR PROCESSINg AND MANUFACTURINg INClUDE:Oasis SPE cartridges
Certified Sep-Pak SPE cartridges
DisQuE dispersive sample preparation
AccQ•Tag Ultra Amino Acid Analysis Solution
Certified Vials
Filters
XBridge, Atlantis, SunFire and specialty columns
Breeze™ system and software
The production of food and beverages is often subject to variation in
starting materials. In addition, changes occur during production that
may impact food quality. To manage these changes, it is important
that all critical production parameters are identified and understood
during the early stages of product development. It is equally important
that the process is monitored appropriately throughout production,
from raw material procurement to the final quality measurement.
Common tests include:
Vitamins
Sugars and carbohydrates
Proteins
Natural product characterization
Product homogeneity and quality control
Major retailers use vast amounts of resources to ensure the quality and
the safety of the products they sell. A contract industry based on customer
expectations thrives solely on the issues related to food quality such as
nutritional labeling.
Many government agencies require that food packaging includes a label that
lists the serving size, the number of servings per package, and the details
of the content of various nutrients (including carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
vitamins, and minerals). These labels help people compare different food
choices and select those that fit their diet. What once began as an effort to
make sure that labeling was accurate has now expanded to require labels
that provide more information to increasingly health-conscious consumers.
With today’s nutritional labeling regulations, packaging labels must conform to rigorous standards. The categories often stated are:
DISTRIBUTION/RETAIl
Proximates (ash, moisture, protein, fat)
Fat (total, saturated, trans)
Cholesterol
Carbohydrates
Calories
Fiber
Sugars
Vitamins
Minerals
Dairy ingredient testing
Oasis SPE cartridges
Certified Sep-Pak SPE cartridges
Certified vials
Filters
Carbamate Analysis Kit
Melamine Analysis Packages
Alliance system
Waters Laboratory Informatics
WATERS PRODUCTS AND CONSUMABlES FOR DISTRIBUTION/RETAIl INClUDE:
ACQUITY UPLC system and columns
XBridge, Atlantis, SunFire, and specialty columns
© 2009 Waters Corporation. Waters, T he Science of W hat’s Possible, ACQUITY UPLC, DisQuE, XBridge, Atlantis,
SunFire, Oasis, Alliance, Sep-Pak, AccQ-Tag, Xevo, VICAM, and Breeze are trademarks of Waters Corporation.
720003035EN April 2009 VW-PDF
The quality management system of Waters’ manufacturing facilitiesin Taunton, Massachusetts and Wexford, Ireland complies with the Interna-tional Standard ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standards. Waters’ quality management system is periodically audited by the registering body to ensure compliance.
Austria and European Export (Central South Eastern Europe, CIS and Middle East) 43 1 877 18 07
Australia 61 2 9933 1777
Belgium 32 2 726 1000
Brazil 55 11 5094-3788
Canada 1 800 252 4752 x2205
China 86 21 6879 5888
CIS/Russia +497 727 4490/290 9737
Czech Republic 420 2 617 1 1384
Denmark 45 46 59 8080
Finland 09 5659 6288
France 33 1 30 48 72 00
Germany 49 6196 400600
Hong Kong 852 29 64 1800
Hungary 36 1 350 5086
India and India Subcontinent 91 80 2837 1900
Ireland 353 1 448 1500
Italy 39 02 265 0983
Japan 81 3 3471 7094
Korea 82 2 6300 4800
Mexico 52 55 5524 7636
The Netherlands 31 76 508 7200
Norway 47 6 384 60 50
Poland 48 22 833 4400
Puerto Rico 1 787 747 8445
Singapore 65 6273 7997
Spain 34 93 600 9300
Sweden 46 8 555 11 500
Switzerland 41 56 676 70 00
Taiwan 886 2 2543 1898
United Kingdom 44 208 238 6100
All other countries: Waters Corporation U.S.A. 1 508 478 2000
1 800 252 4752
www.waters.com
Sales Offices