food security in india
DESCRIPTION
With an Act on it, food security for poor in India would be paid proper attention by the Government and civil society. Jai HindTRANSCRIPT
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Food security means :
0 availability,
0 accessibility and
0 affordability of food to all people at all times.
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Food Security is ensured in a country only if
0 Enough food is available for all the persons
0 All persons have the capacity to buy food of acceptable quality and
0 There is no barrier on access to food.
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Need for Food Security:
0 For the poor sections of the society
0 Natural disasters or calamity like earthquake, drought, flood, tsunami,
0 Widespread crop failure due to drought
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How drought affects food security Drought takes place
Total production of food
grains
Shortage of food in the affected areas
Prices
Some people cannot afford to buy food = Food
Insecurity 5
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Starvation
0 If such calamity happens in a very wide spread area or is stretched over a longer time period, it may cause a situation of starvation.
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Famine 0 A massive starvation might take a turn of famine.
0 A Famine is characterized by
1. widespread deaths and
2. epidemics
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Famines and Starvation Deaths in India
0 Bengal Famine, 1943 -killed 1.5 million to 3 million 0 The Bihar famine, 1966-7 - 2,353 deaths due to starvation reported Starvation deaths have also been reported in: 1. Kalahandi and Kashipur in Orissa 2. Baran district of Rajasthan, 3. Palamau district of Jharkhand and many other remote areas during the recent years.
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Food Insecure Groups
Worst Affected Groups:
0 landless people
0 traditional artisans
0 traditional services providers
0 petty self-employed workers
0 Homeless, beggars etc.
0 Families employed in ill-paid occupations
0 casual labourers (seasonal activities+ very low wages)
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0 SCs, STs and some sections of the OBCs (lower castes among them) –having poor land-base or very low land productivity
0 Migrants ( as a result of natural disasters )
0 Women and children
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States facing problem of food insecurity
0 Uttar Pradesh (eastern and south-eastern parts), Bihar,
0 Jharkhand,
0 Orissa,
0 West Bengal,
0 Chattisgarh,
0 parts of Madhya Pradesh and
0 Maharasthra
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Hunger, another aspect of Food Insecurity
Inadequate diet for a long time
Poor people suffer from chronic hunger
Chronic Hunger Due agricultural
activities-rural regions & urban
areas- casual labour
When a person is unable to get work for the entire year
Seasonal Hunger
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India’s attempts at attaining Food Security
Highest Growth
Punjab and Haryana
Tamil Nadu and Andhra
Pradesh
Low Growth
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh
Bihar, Orissa and the N-E
states
Green Revolution: Foodgrain Production
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India’s Food Security System
Buffer Stock
Public Distribution System
Food Security
System of India
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How the Public Distribution System works:
Farmers or Producers
States
Fair Price Shops
F.C.I (maintains
Buffer Stocks)
Grains MSP
Allocates Grains
Central Issue Price
C.I.P Distributes Grains
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Government schemes
0 PDS (initial Public Distribution System scheme)
0 RPS (Revamped Public Distribution System)
0 TPDS (Targeted Public Distribution System)
Special Schemes:
0 AAY (Antyodaya Anna Yojana)
0 APS (Annapurna Scheme)
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Benefits from the PDS:
0 Stabilizes prices of food grains
0 Makes food available at affordable prices
0 By supplying food from surplus regions of the country to the deficit ones, it helps in combating hunger and famine
0 Prices set with poor households in mind
0 Provides income security to farmers in certain regions
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Problems faced by PDS:
0 Problem of Hunger still exists in many areas of India
0 Food stock in granaries often above specified levels
0 Deterioration in quality of stored food grains if kept for longer time
0 High storage costs
0 Increase in MSP has led to shift from coarse grain to rice and wheat production among the farmers
0 Cultivation of rice has also led to environmental degradation and fall in the water level
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0 Average consumption of PDS grain at the all-India level is very low
0 Malpractices on part of PDS dealers:
Diverting the grains to open market to get better margin,
Selling poor quality grains at ration shops,
Irregular opening of the shops
0 Low Income families earning just above poverty line have to pay APL rates which are almost equal to open market rates – lower incentive to buy from Fair Price Shops
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