food security presentation

PEMANFAATAN POTENSI LAHAN KERINGSEBAGAI PENYANGGA KETAHANAN

PANGAN DI PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARABARAT

OLEH:

LAELATIL HASANAH

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Background

• The number of population grows rapidly,259.940.857 in 2010.

• Farming areas are declining but thedemand of food keeps increasing.

• Ideally, Indonesia has to have about 2,4millions hectares of farming areas but nowthere are about 8 millions hectares of wetfields and 6 millions hectares ofplantations.



Background

• If the reduction of farming areas cannot becontrolled, there will be lack of food supplythat can lead us to food crisis.

• West Nusa Tenggara Province has dryland up to 84% of the areas in total.

• Dry land is very potential to developfarming system to hold food supply.



In this paper, there are several questions thatneed to be analyzed and explained, such as:• How does agriculture affect the food

security?• How is the potency of dry land in developing

and strengthening food security?• What are the solutions to solve the problem

in dry land farming?



Tinjauan Pustaka

Ketersediaan pangan mempengaruhikehidupan sosial dalam masyarakat terutamadalam bidang kesehatan. Menurut Hariyadi(2011), pada tahun 2005, jumlah balita yangmengalami gizi buruk mencapai 8,8%; angkabalita yang mengalami kekurangan gizi sebesar28% sedangkan balita yang gizi kurangmencapai 19,2%.



Walaupun merupakan negara agraris,namun 100 dari 346 kabupaten di Indonesiatermasuk wilayah rawan pangan (Soemarmo,2012). Salah satu daerah rawan pangan adalahprovinsi NTB. Daerah yang termasuk rawanpangan di NTB adalah Lombok Barat, LombokTengah, Lombok Timur, Dompu, dan Bima



Salah satu tantangan terbesar dalam menjagaketahanan pangan adalah menyelaraskan ketersediaanpangan dengan jumlah penduduk yang semakinmeningkat tiap tahunnya. Slamet (2012) menyatakanberdasarkan data BAPENAS, tahun 2015 Indonesiamembutuhkan pasokan beras sebanyak 33,78 juta tondengan konsumsi 139 kilogram per kapita per tahun.Angka ini dapat meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnyajumlah penduduk.



Berdasarkan data BALITKABI (2013), sebagianbesar wilayah di Indonesia terdiri dari lahan kering danbelum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. NTB memilikiluas lahan kering mencapai 1.807.463 ha atau 84% dariluas wilayah NTB. Dari 84% luas lahan kering tersebut,yang dapat dikembangkan secara riil denganmempertimbangkan status lahan adalah sekitar626.034,60 hektar atau sekitar 31% luas wilayah NTB.



Analysis and Synthesis• The Influence of Fluctuation of price, Weather

Changes, and International Relationship to FoodSecurityv Fluctuation of Price

The price of a food commodity determines the stabilityand availability of the food supply. For example, in2012 the price of soybean was very expensive. Sothat there was some reductions in food productionwhich using soybean as the main core such as‘tempe’ and tofu. This caused instability of food in lowclass people because ‘tempe’ and tofu are proteinsources with affordable prices for them.



v Weather ChangesThe weather changes are connected to prices offoods. However, the most influenced sector by theeffects of weather changes is agriculture which is thebeginning of ‘food chain’. Murningtyas (2012) saysthat extreme weather changes are caused by globalwarming. It makes the rainfall unpredictable andreduces food production. As the result, the yield ofrice decreased by 1, 69% in 2007.



v International RelationshipStability of international relationship among nations affects thefood security and stability. Importing countries have to makesure that their bilateral relationship with the exporting countriesgoes well in order to keep their food security.The countries that join WTO (World Trade Organization) createan agreement named AoA (Agreement on Agriculture) thataimed to reform the policy of commerce in Agricultural sector.Before AoA was applied, Indonesian government put on animporting licence on 1000 commodities to protect localcommodities. But in 1996 after AoA applied, the number wasreduced to 200 commodities. This policy, in one hand, couldkeep the food supply by facilitating the food stuffs from overseasbut on the other hand, this policy could endanger the localcommodities because they would compete with importedcommodities.



• The Condition of Farming Areas in West NusaTenggara Province

Farming sector gives a huge economic contribution for thepeople in West Nusa Tenggara. In 2006, West Nusa TenggaraProvince has about 227.013 hectares of farming areas. Theproblem that always happens in farming areas in West NusaTenggara Province is unpredictable rainfall. It mainly occurs inunirrigated agricultural field where the irrigation depends by rainfallthat occurs in 3 or 4 months in a year. Beside that, the soil insouthern Lombok mostly consists of clay. That makes the cultivationmore complicated.



• The Importance of Dry Land Use to Hold The FoodSecurityThe land productivity that keeps declining makes the foodproduction can no longer depend on irrigated field. According toBALITKABI (2013), Dry land can be a potential alternative to keepthe food production, because West Nusa Tenggara province has31% of dry land that can be used for farming sector. In LombokIsland, the dry land available is about 359,899 hectares. Thenumber of dry land that is potential to develop crop plants is 62,575hectares and for horticulture, there are 157,937 hectares of dry land(Dinas Pertanian NTB, 2007).Dry land farming becomes a real solution to keep the food stabilityand security. Not just because of the birth rate reaches 1,33% peryear and the transmigration to West Nusa Tenggara keepsincreasing. The number of farming areas in West Nusa Tenggaradeclines because of the conversion of farming areas to houses andshopping places



• Analysis of Developing Food Crops (Rice, Maize,Soybean) in Dry LandRice is the staple food for most of Indonesian people. In 2007, thenumber of harvesting rice field reached 331,916 hectares which wassmaller than in 2006 that reached 341,418 hectares. The yield in2007 declined 1.72% to 1,526,347 tons than in 2006 (BAPPEDANTB, 2009).The rice that planted in dry land can use the ‘Gogo Rancah (GORA)System’. With this system, the seeds are planted in cultivated field inearly rainy season, and then after the 40 days, the rice plants will befilled by water from the rainfall.In 2004, The yield of maize in West Nusa Tenggara Province wasstill under the number of national production that was 2.003tons/hectares out of national production 31, tons/hectares. Themaize crop in dry land can be done after ‘Gogo’ rice because maizecrop does not need much water. That makes maize crop suitable todevelop in dry land.



According to BALITKABI (2013), the dry land in West NusaTenggara is very potential to develop as the production center ofsoybean seed. The efforts to fulfill the seed demand can be doneby doing JABALSIM or ‘Sistem Jalur Benih Antar Musim danAntar Lokasi’. The soybean planting in dry land is expected toreduce the import of soybean seed from overseas and raise theenthusiasm of the farmer to produce soybean. Soybean plantingin dry land is not only to increase the local supply but also toincrease the soil fertility.



• The Technology that can be Applied to Create Dry LandFarmingIn dry land farming, one of the biggest questions is how to getthe water for irrigation. Irrigation system that is suitable fordry land farming is ‘micro irrigation’ that basically usesemitter. This system can make the water used by plants moreefficient and reduces the evaporation and transpiration.Another irrigation system in dry land farming is ‘JugFertigation System’. This system has some advantages suchas makes the fertilizer use more efficient by 25% and reducesthe mechanical damage on the plants (Sastrohartono, 2010).



• Challenges in Practicing Dry Land Farming

v Water sources are limited. The irrigation mostly dependson rainfall. The ground water can be used as the irrigationby making wells but it is too expensive for the farmerbecause they have to spend much money to make thewells.

v In order to survive the water shortage, particular varietiesof plants needed. They have to have tolerance to waterstress and consume less nutrients from the soil.

v The soil fertility in dry lands are relatively low because theorganic matter is less than 2-3% and the amount of macronutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphor, and Potassium arelesser than the fertile soil.



Conclusion• Based on the analysis and explanation, there are several

things that can be concluded such as:v The increase of population without the increase of farming

areas endangers the food security.v West Nusa Tenggara has 31% of dry land that can be uses

as alternative for food production.v The problem faced in dry land farming are the soil fertility,

limited access to water source, and dry land farming costshigher than conventional farming.



Suggestions• Need a huge investment from the government and private

companies to develop and establish an affordable technologyfor dry land farming.

• Some researches needed to make the yield or productivity indry lands equal or better than the technical irrigated fields



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Asshofie, Agil. 2012. Krisis Pangan Dunia. http://agil-asshofie.blogspot.com. Diakses pada 12Maret 2013.

BALITKABI NTB. Lahan Kering NTB Potensial untuk Produksi Benih Kedelai.http://balitkabi.litbang.deptan.go.id. Diakses pada 12 Maret 2013.

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TERIMA KASIH

