TERM 3, 2018

ESSENTIAL KIT FOR CHANGEMAKERS

Amnesty International Australiawww.amnesty.org.au

Start Something

INDIGENOUS RIGHTS

TERM 3 2018: INDIGENOUS RIGHTS

Never miss an issue Sign up to receive an email with new school resources at the start of each term and find previous resources at: www.amnesty.org.au/schools

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL START SOMETHING TERM 3, 2018

Inside this kit:Note from Naomi

Good news

Better justice: raise the age of imprisonment

Towards reconciliation

Being a genuine ally to Indigenous communities

Case in crisis: three human rights defenders in Iran

Like this resource? Tell us about it!youth@amnesty.org.au

@amnestyOz Facebook.com/amnestyOz

Coming up in 2018: TERM 4: Defend the braveStand up for some of the bravest people around the world who face persecution, jail and harm – just for peacefully defending human rights.

Cover: Handpaintedboomerangs at a Melbourne market. © Istockphoto/Wyshe

Amnesty International is an independent, globalmovement that campaigns courageously for humanrights for everyone. We use our passion andcommitment to bring torturers to justice, changeoppressive laws and free people imprisoned justfor voicing their opinion. We campaign, conductresearch and raise money for our work. Our activemembers, such as school action groups, play avital role in achieving our aims through writingletters, sending online actions, organising creativeawareness-raising activities and fundraising intheir communities.

Amnesty Internationalacknowledges the traditionalowners of the land on whichour offices are situated. We thank the elders past andpresent for their continuedcustodianship. This alwayshas been and always will beAboriginal land.

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL START SOMETHING TERM 3, 2018

Note from Naomi

A massive thanks and congrats for all the work you did in Term 2to welcome refugees.

If you follow us on social you might have seen local councils backingAmnesty’s campaign for fairer community sponsorship for refugees.Amazing community leaders like Father Rod Bower and the WesternBulldogs AFL team have also added their support!

So... what’s coming up in Term 3? We have a vision: that withina generation, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children areno more likely to be imprisoned than non-Indigenous children.

This term you can campaign to help achieve this – by shining aspotlight on the ‘age of criminal responsibility’ in Australia, andfor more funding for Indigenous-led alternatives to prison for kids.

Read on – we’ve got background info for you, a tonne of way s

to take action, and an article about the importance of being a

genuine ally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.

Plus … you get to make kites.

A massive thanks for all that you do.

Cheers,NaomiNational Youth CoordinatorAmnesty International Australia

PS. At the end of this issue you'll also find a petition for three people unjustlyimprisoned in Iran. We've received word that there health is deteriorating –if you can, please act today.

© AI

Good newsWHITTLESEA SUPPORTS COMMUNITY SPONSORSHIP

In June the Whittlesea Council in Victoria passed a motion insupport of Amnesty International’s campaign to expand andimprove the Federal Government’s refugee community sponsorship program.

Whittlesea is one of almost 150 local councils across the countrythat have already declared themselves Refugee Welcome Zones.Now that Whittlesea has led the way, we hope other local councilswill take their commitment one step further by adding their voicesto the call for fairer community sponsorship.

DEATH PENALTY ABOLISHED IN BURKINA FASO

Burkina Faso adopted a new penal code that abolishes the deathpenalty in May. While the country has been abolitionist in practicefor many years, this parliamentary decision is a welcome move.Burkina Faso joins Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Senegal and Togoin West Africa, alongside the Republic of the Congo, Burundi,Gabon, Rwanda and Madagascar, who have abolished the deathpenalty for all crimes in the past 20 years.

ANKARA PRIDE MARCH GOES AHEAD

On 11 May, students at Middle East Technical University (ODTÜ)held their annual Pride March despite a ban on LGBTQI events inAnkara, Turkey. Hundreds of students peacefully marched on theuniversity campus for Pride. After the university staff had toldstudents they would shut down their planned march, Amnestysupporters around the world sent emails to the university,demanding they allow the march to go ahead without hindrance.

“The reason we could resist the ban and move forward was theinternational support and solidarity by Amnesty Internationalactivists around the world.”

SAUDI WOMEN BEHIND THE WHEEL

Since 24 June women in Saudi Arabia are now legally allowed to drive in the country. However, leading women’s rights activistsand campaigners against the driving ban – including Loujain al-Hathloul, Eman al-Nafjan and Aziza al-Yousef – are among eightactivists still being detained in Saudi Arabia for their peacefulhuman rights work.

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL START SOMETHING TERM 3, 2018

Refugee rights march, London. © AI UK Ankara Pride March, May 2018. © AI

A woman holds a message for theabolition of the death penalty in WestAfrica, Burkina Faso. © AI

Eman al-Nafjan, a Saudi Arabianblogger and women’s rights activist. © Eman al-Nafjan/LinkedIn

The Australian Government is choosing

to imprison children as young as 10,

and ignoring tested alternatives to

prison that actually help kids.

It’s time to tell Australia: no more

10-year-olds in prison. Fund proven

community programs instead.

!

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL START SOMETHING TERM 3, 2018

Better justice: raise the age of imprisonment

WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?

The age that kids can be sent to prison in Australia is too low, and it’sharming kids. In Australia, kids who are just 10 years old can be charged,brought before a court, sentenced and imprisoned. This is in stark contrastto the international minimum standard of kids being at least 14 years oldbefore governments are allowed to send them to prison.

In 2016-2017, almost 9,000 children aged 10 to 13 were dealt with in thecriminal justice system, and around 600 were locked up in children’s prisons.

There’s just no place for kids younger than 14 in prisons – because it’ssimply not helpful. Kids in prison are less likely to access what they need togrow up resilient, such as education, mentoring and community support.This contributes to the justice system’s quicksand effect – once you’re in it’s very hard to get the help you need to pull yourself out. Health experts,social workers, Indigenous leaders and legal experts all have overwhelmingevidence of the harm prison does to kids.

On top of this, research shows that our brains, especially the parts thatregulate judgement, decision-making and impulse control, are stilldeveloping when we’re 10. Children are not able to fully foresee theconsequences of an action.

WHAT ABOUT OTHER COUNTRIES?

The average age a child can be locked up around the world is 14 years old.China, Russia, Germany, Spain, Italy, Japan, Viet Nam, Argentina, Colombia,Laos, Kazakhstan, Sierra Leone, Azerbaijan, Cambodia and Rwanda aresome of the many countries with a minimum age of 14 or older.

The UN advocates for a minimum age of 14 and has criticised Australia for imprisoning young children.

HOW DOES THIS AFFECT ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER KIDS?

Indigenous children make up one in 15 kids in Australia – but are half of allchildren in our youth detention centres. In contrast, we know that keepingkids on country and in culture can be an effective alternative to prison for kids.

Our vision is that within a generation, Indigenous children are no more likelyto be imprisoned than non-Indigenous children. While we’ve got a long roadahead of us, if we start correcting systemic injustices, such as laws thatperpetuate disadvantage, we can start to see more Indigenous kids living the lives they deserve.

WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN?

Governments can start with changing our laws on imprisonment, so that the best interests of children are fulfilled. They can start funding culturally-appropriate, community programs which are proven to have better outcomesthan prison for kids.

State and Territory Governments are responsible for their own law andjustice policies so it is up to them to set the age a child can be imprisoned.When it comes to funding Indigenous-led alternatives to prison for kids,State and Territory Governments can champion these but they may needfunding from the Federal Government.

© Istockphoto

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL START SOMETHING TERM 3, 2018BETTER JUSTICE: RAISE THE AGE OF IMPRISONMENT

CASE STUDY:THE MONA HORSEMANSHIP PROGRAM

The Mona Horsemanship Program is just one of the many Indigenous-designed and led community programs that provides a successfulalternative to children’s prisons.

The program teaches children and young people respect, mechanicaltraining and skills, meal preparation, fencing and yard building, animalhusbandry, cultural education and skills such as hunting and gathering.

16-year-old Aboriginal, Torres Strait and South Sea Islander girl,Nivea*, had been having a hard time at home. “I didn’t really haveanyone to look up to once Mum moved away,” she says. “I was hangingaround the wrong crowd, going to parties… I didn’t really like drinkingbut that’s what they did for fun.”

Nivea received a warning from police after being with her friends whenthey were stealing. But her situation turned around once she startedgoing out on country with the Mona team.

“I come out here to the station to work with them. You have to get upearly but it’s better. You learn all this new stuff and meet new people.”

Now Mona’s Indigenous leaders are asking for the government’s supportin keeping their program going.

*name changed

Mona Horsemanship Program at Mt Isa, Queensland. © Wayne Quilliam

ACT NOW >>HOLD A KITE-FLYING EVENT

Think about what it’s like to be 10 – how did youspend your time? What were the things thatmattered most to you? Friends, sports practice,beach days, freedom and fresh air – these are someof the best things about being a kid, and some of thethings that kids in the justice system miss out on.

Highlight this and get noticed with a kite flying event!

1 Pick a date: a lunchtime might work best – andkeep an eye on the weather forecast in the leadup. Make sure you give yourself enough time toprepare and invite people along, and to gatherkite-making materials.

2 Make your kites: there are a tonne of kitetemplates online – find the easiest one. You canmake some kites before your event, or get craftyon the day as part of your event. Make your kitesusing black, red and yellow materials – thecolours of the Aboriginal flag.

3 Get flying: when your chosen lunchtime rollsaround – fly your kites! Use the school oval orquadrangle to really move around.

4 Snapshots: get some great photos of your kites inaction! You can also snap your team making thekites – just be sure to get consent forms foreveryone in the photos – download forms fromwww.amnesty.org.au/content or check with yourSchools Outreach Team.

5 Share: share your activity with the rest of yourschool community. With some great pictures, thiswould be a great story for your school newsletter!Then get in touch with your local member ofparliament (MP) – they can help push for thelaws to change. You can contact them through aletter, explaining what you did and why, or youcould work with your teacher, principal orSchools Outreach Team to invite your MP to yourschool. If you have image consent forms signedfrom everyone in your pics, you can also sharethese with your MP.

GOT MORE TIME?

Get watching: work with your teacher to arrange ascreening of Backing Bourke: an outback town’sbold experiment to save its young people from alife of crime. This Four Corners episode exploresthe concept of justice reinvestment, and how it’screating positive change in Bourke, New South Wales.

Get creative: touch base with your Schools OutreachTeam if you’ve got an idea for something extra tosupport the campaign.

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL START SOMETHING TERM 3, 2018

Towards reconciliation

You might have heard about reconciliation for Aboriginal and Torres StraitIslander peoples – but have you ever wondered what exactly reconciliation is?

Let’s get literal for a minute. According to the Cambridge dictionary, theword reconciliation means ‘a situation in which two people or groups ofpeople become friendly again after they have argued’; or ‘the process ofmaking two opposite beliefs, ideas, or situations agree’.

In Australia, our vision for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people takesthis definition and furthers it. As not-for-profit organisation ReconciliationAustralia explains, reconciliation ‘encompasses rights, as well as so-calledsymbolic and practical actions … reconciliation has introduced a greaterfocus on the relationship between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanderpeoples and non-Indigenous Australians and opened up a national debate on prejudice, discrimination and racism.’

TAMMY SOLONEC

Nigena woman, Indigenous RightsManager, Perth

I am a Nigena woman from Derby in the Kimberley of Western Australia and I grew up in regional and remote WAbefore settling in Perth.

To me reconciliation is when two partiescome together to reconcile on an issue.The issue here, the treatment of Aboriginaland Torres Strait Islander people sincecolonisation is a deep wound that will takemany years and concerted effort to heal.Sometimes this is hard for Aboriginalpeople because we are a minority, so weare constantly called on to be part of thereconciliation, whereas for non-Indigenouspeople they can easily not participate atall. That said, the reconciliation movementhas created moments of great pride forAustralia, like the bridge walks in 2000,and on an organisational levelReconciliation Action Plans are making areal difference for Aboriginal people andthe broader community. I hope that oneday we can be fully reconciled as people,but I know there is still a long way to go.

TRACEY FOLEY

Reconciliation Action Plan ProjectManager, Brisbane

Reconciliation to me includes non-IndigenousAustralia acknowledging and accepting ourpast. Since the invasion in 1788, Aboriginaland Torres Strait Islander peoples havesuffered violence, slavery, dispossessionand loss of self determination, discriminationand racism and more. Until we understandthe past and its effects, we can’t moveforward because we don’t know what we’removing forward from.

Reconciliation also includes workingalongside Aboriginal and Torres StraitIslander peoples to develop and supportIndigenous-led solutions to the issues that communities face. It’s a long journey,but one that we have to take.

RODNEY DILLON

Indigenous Rights Advisor, Hobart

I’m an Aboriginal man from Tasmania. I have worked at Amnesty for the pasteight years.

Reconciliation to me means when we haveequity – in indicators like life expectancy,interaction with the justice system, andcompensation for stolen generations andstolen wages. I don’t know that we will everbe reconciled because of the deep impactof colonisation; it will take generations toheal. We’ve still got miles to go. I think as well as leveling the social indicators, a Treaty would be a good step forward.

Reconciliation is everyone working togetherfor the same cause, and we’ve still gotsome work to do on this.

Amnesty International’s work to stop kidsgoing into prison and out of home care is really important in moving towardsreconciliation. We can see windows ofopportunity like we are seeing in Bourkethat we can grasp and take forward.

To better understand the

reconciliation movement,

we asked three people at Amnesty

what it means to them.

i

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL START SOMETHING TERM 3, 2018TOWARDS RECONCILIATION

ACT NOW >>HELP YOUR SCHOOL DEVELOP ARECONCILIATION ACTION PLAN

• Ask a teacher or your principal if your schoolalready has a RAP.

• If your school has one, pick something from itthat you can help your school achieve.

• Don’t have one? There are great resources to helpyour school develop one. Find out more atwww.narragunnawali.org.au

• Get your teacher on board! Make a time to talkabout why a RAP is important to you, and ask forhelp getting started. Make sure you’ve done yourresearch and can talk through the steps needed.

• Take it to the top – pitch developing a RAP toyour principal.

• Share with us what reconciliation means to you!Head to www.amnesty.org.au/reconciliation andleave us a message.

Additional resources:• Reconciliation Australia: www.reconciliation.org.au

• Reconciliation Action Plans for Schools:www.narragunnawali.org.au

• Amnesty International Australia’s RAP:amnesty.org.au/reconciliation

• Go to Youtube and search for ‘ReconciliationAction Plan’ for a video by Reconciliation Australia.

WHAT IS A RECONCILIATION ACTION PLAN?

A Reconciliation Plan (RAP) outlines what an organisation, workplace orschool has committed to do to further reconciliation. It can cover relationshipsand respect of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, their historyand culture, as well as ways to create social change alongside Aboriginaland Torres Strait Islander peoples, communities and organisations.

WHO CAN CREATE A RAP?

Reconciliation Action Plans can be part of any organisation – workplaces,sporting clubs, community organisations, corporations, universities andschools. Working on a Reconciliation Action Plan is something we can all do.

WHAT’S IN A RAP FOR SCHOOLS?

RAPs for schools cover developing relationships, respect and opportunitiesfor Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the classroom, aroundthe school and in the community. Each RAP includes actions to further each of these areas.

Prince Alfred College in South Australia has recently developed theirReconciliation Action Plan. Their vision for reconciliation “stems from ouracknowledgement of the significance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islandercultures and histories, which continue to shape what Australia is today.” You can check out their RAP and others at www.narragunnawali.org.au

1,579,916 Australians work or study

in an organisation with a RAP!

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© Interaction Institute for Social Change, artist: Angus Maguire

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL START SOMETHING TERM 3, 2018

Being a genuine ally with Indigenous communities

The people who put the

wall up, I can understand

why it’s there, but the

people who pull it down –

they’re the ones we need.

Rodney DillonIndigenous Rights Advisor, Amnesty

“Human rights activists stand up for the rights of everyone, everywhere. When we learn that someone’s rights have been abused, we jump intoaction. But sometimes, despite our best intentions, we may actually do harmwithout realising it, because we have not taken the time to be a genuine ally.

It is crucial that we understand how our presence impacts the people andcommunities we support.

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE A GENUINE ALLY?

Being a genuine ally involves a lot of self-reflection, education and listening.It means knowing we’re often coming into this space from a position ofpower and privilege, which we’ve gained through unjust systems thatmarginalise the groups we seek to ally with. It’s not enough to show up insolidarity and speak out against the unjust system; we have to change ourown behaviours and be mindful that we are not contributing to keeping thatsystem going.

Amnesty’s Indigenous Rights Advisor Rodney Dillon explains that thesegroups are leading the fight against the injustices they face and as allies we are there to follow their lead:

“We’ve been flat out campaigning for the last 200 years. We’ve done well in some places but not well in other places. We need supporters like you tocampaign on these things, talking to pollies. It’s important for us as anorganisation to be that bridge between two groups. I think that non-Indigenouspeoples’ support and influence can be really, really important to make change.”

Amnesty supporters at 2017’s One Day in Fremantle, a festival thatcelebrates Australia on an alternative date to 26 January. © AI

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL START SOMETHING TERM 3, 2018BEING A GENUINE ALLY WITH INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES

When working with Indigenous communities there isn’t one way to be an ally– because every community and individual is different. Every relationshipyou build needs a different approach. But here are some suggestions thatwill help you to get started.

1. Listen to and follow the communityFind out who the traditional owners and Elders are of the land you are on.When doing long-term work on Indigenous rights, build strong relationshipswithin the community and make sure everything is Indigenous-led.

2. Centre the stories around communityA big part of your involvement is to amplify the voices of Indigenouscommunities, don’t make it about yourself. You should directly share these messages with your networks in their words without alteration.

3. Know the historical and cultural contextKnowing the history and being culturally competent is vital. The issues the community face come from hundreds of years of ongoing trauma anddiscrimination. It is not the responsibility of the community to educate you.

4. Never show up empty-handedShowing up in support is great but offer to lend a hand as well. Use yourlabour, resources and skills to help out. What additional value can you bringthe community?

5. Always seek consent and permissionConsent is a continuous process, not a one-time request. Seek permissionbefore taking part in community events, particularly around cultural andspiritual events. They’ll usually be labelled something like ‘all communityand allies welcome’.

6. Be responsible for yourselfBe aware of what resources you’re taking away from communities throughyour presence. Ensure you’ve given back to the community more than you’vetaken away.

7. Know when to step backBe aware of what space you are taking up. Always remember that you arethere as a guest in a supportive role. There will be times when the communityneed to act alone, respect their boundaries.

8. Saviours are not needed, solidarity isSolidarity is only meaningful if it is substantive and not merely performative.This means showing up to support the community with your presence aloneshould be the baseline, not the end game.

9. Be mindful of others’ time and energyIndigenous people often have to be advocates on a wide range of issues thataffect them and their community first-hand. They don’t have the choice toswitch off from being involved and can be spread thin in many directions.

10. Do no harm to the communityThe community should be better off, or the same,because of your presence, not worse. Follow all of thesesuggestions and keep reflecting on your behaviour andyou’re on your way to doing your part in bringing downan unjust system.

This article was inspired by a similar resource created at Amnesty International USA by Kalaya’an Mendoza.

ACT NOW >>Keen to learn more about Aboriginal and TorresStrait Islander peoples and culture? Add these toppicks to your reading list. Remember, there’s lots ofways you can use books to get others involved inhuman rights. You could start a human rights bookclub, write a book review for your school newsletteror present to your class.

Am I Black Enough For You? by Anita HeissThe story of an urban-based high achievingAboriginal woman working to break downstereotypes and build bridges between black andwhite Australia. ‘I’m Aboriginal. I’m just not theAboriginal person a lot of people want or expect me to be.’

Talking to My Country by Stan GrantTalking to My Country talks to every Australianabout their country – what it is, and what it couldbe. It is not just about race, or about Indigenouspeople but all of us, our shared identity. Direct,honest and forthright, Stan wants us to keep askingthe question: how can we be better?

10 Things You Should Know about White Privilege,Luke Pearson and Sophie Verass for NITVWe hear about privilege a lot, but how much do weactually know about the concept and history of thisterm, which is rapidly gaining popularity? Google‘NITV white privilege ‘ to find this insightful article.

Invasion Day rally held in Sydney, January 2016. © AI

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL START SOMETHING TERM 3, 2018

Case in crisis: three human rights defenders in Iran

Right now, people across the world are risking everything to speak out againstinjustice. They are called human rights defenders, and they are studentleaders, political opponents, teachers, lawyers and journalists. They’re beingharassed, jailed and even killed – just for daring to stand up for what’s right.

Over the past few years human rights defenders around the world have comeunder increasing threat. In 2016, at least 281 human rights defenders werekilled in 22 countries, including people who protected the environment,stood up for the rights of LGBTQI communities, and campaigned for therights of women and girls.

IMPRISONED FOR PEACEFUL PROTEST

Atena Daemi and Golrokh Ebrahimi Irae are friends and human rights activists.Alongside Golrokh’s husband Arash Sadeghi, they are in prison because of their work to protect and promote human rights in Iran.

Atena, an anti-death penalty campaigner, is serving a seven-year sentencebecause of her human rights activism. Golrokh is serving a three-year sentencefor writing an unpublished story on the practice of stoning women to deathfor adultery.

In January Golrokh and Atena were violently transferred to Shahr-e Rey prison– a disused chicken farm that holds hundreds of women in overcrowdedconditions without access to drinkable water, decent food, medicine andfresh air. During the transfer, the women allege guards insulted them,subjected them to sexual slurs, and kicked and punched them when theypeacefully protested against the transfer.

HUMAN RIGHTS IN IRAN

Authorities in Iran heavily suppress freedom of expression, association andpeaceful assembly, as well as freedom of religion. People who voice dissentare imprisoned, usually after unfair trials. Torture and other ill-treatment iswidespread. The authorities endorse discrimination and violence based ongender, political opinion, religious belief, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientationand gender identity. Iran continues to execute its citizens, and in 2017hundreds of people were executed, some in public. Thousands remain ondeath row.

ACT NOW >>THREE WAYS YOU CAN SUPPORT ATENA,GOLROKH, AND ARASH

• Tell the Minister to unconditionally releaseGolrokh, Atena and Arash, and allow themaccess to medical care until their release. Grab a petition (included at the back of thispack) and start collecting names and emails in your community, then mail the petitions toAmnesty (address included on the petitionsheets). We’ll post your petitions to the Head ofthe Judiciary regularly to keep up the pressure.

• Make a card for Atena, Golrokh and Arash andwrite a message of support. Post them to usalongside your petition sheets and we’ll sendthem to Golrokh, Atena and Arash. You can alsoask your friends and family to make a card too.

Got more time?Photocopy the tally mark picture at the back of this kit (or draw your own!). You can colour in thetally marks and ask your mates to do the same.Then, build a wall of tally marks. Take a photo of your group with your wall and send it toactivism@amnesty.org.au.

21 August marks one year since the

verdict against Arash and Golrokh.

If you can get 75 people to each colour

in a tally mark, you can represent the

365 days Arash and Golrokh have

been in prison.

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Arash, Golrokh and Atena. © Private

Solidarity cards from school students for previouslyimprisoned human rights defender, Eskinder Nega.He was released in February 2018. © AI AustriaGolrokh with her husband Arash. © Private

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AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL START SOMETHING TERM 3, 2018BRAVE: THREE HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN IRAN