format designation in marc records
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Format Designation in MARC Records. A Look Under the Hood. Michael Doran Systems Librarian. First, a few words about…. Terminology. Type Medium Format Form. overlapping meanings. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Format Designation in MARC Records
A Look Under the Hood
Michael DoranSystems Librarian
• Type• Medium• Format• Form
TerminologyFirst, a few words about…
overlapping meanings
AACR2 (1976) and AACR2R (1988) use format to mean a “particular physical presentation of an item”
but the term does not appear in AACR (1967, 1970). *
* http://www2.archivists.org/glossary/terms/f/format
Book
Printed book
Intellectual form
Physical forms
E-book(computer file)
Audio book
(e.g. on CD)
Abstract => Concrete
Movie
Film strip
Intellectual form
Physical forms
DVD
Streamingvideo
Abstract => Concrete
This object is a…?
• Book• (Bound) Serial• Manuscript• Artifact
From a bibliographic perspective…
Concrete => Abstract
• Data• Music/sound• Video• Software• ???
• CD ROM• DVD
Containing…
Concrete => Abstract
This object is a…?
User interfaces
Patrons see two“format” choices:• Type• Format
Voyager OPAC
• Jargon-y• Unclear• Ambiguous• Imprecise
“Why are there two lists?”
“Which choice is for movies on DVD?”
• Jargon-y• Unclear• Ambiguous• Imprecise
“Why are there two lists?”
“Which choice is for movies on DVD?”
Voyager Staff Client
Staff see two“format” choices:• Medium• Type
Huh? Whaa? Why?
MARC RecordLeader and
Control Fields(mainly fixed-position fields)
Variable Fields
MARC Record
Important: Fixed field positions start at “0”
MARC record Leaderhttp://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/
“Type”
15 x 7 = 105 possible combinations(in theory)
MARC record Leader
“Type”
How many “type” combinations actually
exist in a typical database?
In UTA’s Voyager database (of ~ 1,600,000 bib records):
53However the 12 used for type limitsencompass 99% of our bib records.
Count Voyager “Type” limit Count Voyager “Type” limit
Count of bib records per Leader/06-07 combination(UT Arlington Library - Voyager ILS)
Count Voyager “Type” limit Count Voyager “Type” limit
Count of bib records per Leader/06-07 combination(UT Arlington Library - Voyager ILS)
Using 12 Leader/06-07 combinationsfor “type” limits in Voyager
LDR/06-07
Type Limit
WebVoyage HTML code
LDR/06-07
limits.xml
Add, remove, or rename “type” limits in the limits.xml file.
BIB_TEXT.BIB_FORMAT• 2-character field• value is Leader/06-07
Reports.mdb Voyager Indexing
MARC Record
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed FieldPositions of most interest are the 00, 01, (and 04)
00“Category of material”
Character position
007/00
WebVoyage HTML code
limits.xml
Add, remove, or rename “Format” limits in the limits.xml file.
“Category of material”
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed FieldPositions of most interest are the 00, 01, (and 04)
00Character position
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field00 Character position
01 Character position
Once you choose a particular “Category of material” value, the remaining values in the 007 field are specific to that category.
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
007/04 Videorecording format
007/00 Category of material
007/01 Specific material designation
BIB_MEDIUM.MEDIUM• 1-character field• value is field 007/00
Reports.mdb
Voyager Indexing
Missing out on valuable format information.
BIB_MEDIUM.MEDIUM• 1-character field• value is field 007/00
Missing out on valuable format information.
Voyager Indexing
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
36.8% of the
collection
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed FieldCount of bib records per 007/00
(UT Arlington Library - Voyager ILS)
Seems to suggest that the 007 field is seldom used for books and serials.
Mandatory if applicable(In “National Level Full”)
What do we know so far?
“Type” format
• Based on the MARC Leader positions 06/07.
• Not all “types” are represented by default.
• Although there are additional “types” these 12 will likely cover about 99% of your collection.
• Not very user-friendly.
• Based on the 007 field, but only on the first position – so missing a lot of granularity.
• Not all possible “formats” are represented.
• Probably roughly 1/3 of your collection will be included in the search if this is used as a limit.
“Format” format
Traditional catalogs are not very user-friendly inregards to format limits.
How about discovery tools?
AquaBrowser
“This looks better!”It is better.
But not as quite asgood as it appears.
two lists
Full selection of format limits
How can they do that?
MARC records
MARCrecords
MARCdata
ILSDiscovery tool
exportingest
The data is the same…
…but the indexing is more granular.
Format 1st criteria 2nd criteria
Format configuration matrix
Format 1st criteria 2nd criteria
Format configuration matrix
Format 1st criteria 2nd criteria
Format configuration matrix
and
Field [Position(s)]
Code snippet from VuFind (SolrMarc) format-mapping algorithm
E.g.: Checking the first two positions of the MARC 007 field
…more VuFind format mapping code:
MARCrecord
MARC 245 Title StatementSubfield $h Medium
Variable fields tend to be… well, variableA keyword search in UT Arlington’s WebVoyage OPAC for "dvd videorecording" (sans quote marks) yielded these 245 h variations -- within the first 10 search results:
Human readable, and useful for retrieval via keyword searching. However non-normalized variable fields are problematic for indexing purposes and therefore for utilization in limits and facets.
When MARC records are imported into Voyager, these are the values
that get indexed as “format”.
Terms like this also get indexed.
However (in Voyager), they get indexed as
keywords, not as formats.
MARC 008 Fixed-Length Data ElementsOne character position is “Form of item”
Character position 23 for:• Books• Computer files• Music• Continuing resources• Mixed materials
Character position 29 for:• Maps• Visual materials
The 008 field itself is mandatory for all records and the “Form of item” position is mostly mandatory for National Level Full records*.
* National Level Full and Minimal Requirements, Control Fields http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/nlr/nlr00x.html
M
MMM
MM
008 positions 18-34 definitions determined by “Form of material”
MARC 008 Fixed-Length Data ElementsValues for “Form of item”
• Books• Maps• Music• Continuing Resources• Visual Materials• Mixed Materials
Computer files
MARC 008 Fixed-Length Data Elements008 positions 18-34 definitions determined by “Form of Material”
And “Form of Material Level I” is defined by?…our old friend, Leader positions 06-07*
Form of Material Level I
* 008 - Fixed-Length Data Elements-General Informationhttp://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bd008.html
Form of Material… continued
Format Integration: http://www.loc.gov/marc/formatintegration.html
15 Level II formsget collapsed into
7 Level I forms+07
Form of Material… continued
15 Level III forms. But varies from the15 Level II forms.
… and additionalgranularity with007/02 (and 04)
Count of bib records per 008/23 value for “Books” Form of Material
(UT Arlington Library - Voyager ILS)
(1,079,587 + 22,371) / 1,369,004 x 100 = 80%For most items, we only really know what it’s not.
MARC 006 Additional Material Characteristics(Repeatable field)
Because the 008 is not repeatable and is dependent on the Leader 06 and 07 for its definition, only one 008 can be included in a record…. The 006 field was created, as part of “format integration”, to record “additional aspects of an item”. [1]
[1] For details see: “Format integration and its effect on the USMARC bibliographic format” / Library of Congress. Network Development and MARC Standards Office
MARC 006 Additional Material Characteristics
Count of bib records per 006/00 value
What else have we learned?
• Discovery tools employ a more sophisticated format mapping, but are still dependent on the underlying MARC data
• Format data exists in MARC variable fields as well as control fields
MARC… and other records
Voyager records
Bib
MFHD MFHDMFHD
Item Item Item
Voyager records
Bib
MFHD MFHDMFHD
Item Item Item
MARC… and other records
We’ve been looking at
Holdings
Items
Is there format designation at
this level?
Yes
???
(MARC Format for Holdings Data)MFHD Records
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
007/04 Videorecording format
007/00 Category of material
007/01 Specific material designation
Bib
MFHD
Yes
Yes
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
MFHDs
MFHD 007 is not going to be very useful!
Count of MFHD records per 007/00(UT Arlington Library - Voyager ILS)
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
No “Mandatory if applicable”requirements for
MFHD 007 categories
MFHD 007 Physical Description Fixed FieldIndexing in Voyager
However, not aware of Voyager utilizing the MFHD 007 for any WebVoyage functionality.
Bib
MFHD MFHDMFHD
Can holdings with different formats be attached to the same bibliographic record?
Sure!
print electronic microform
Are they? And should they be?(for your library)
??????
Voyager - Item Record Level
Voyager uses item-record-level item types for circulation purposes.
Is dependent on how formatsare designated in MARC records.
Ability to effectively search and retrieve by the desired format.
And how well the MARC format data is mapped and indexed.
Cataloging practice
Cataloging records
Catalog
Process
Product
Technology
Hat tip to Allyson Carlyle
FRBR/RDA will make search and retrieval by the desired format simple and easy. True False
Clip art credit: http://clairc-artstuff.deviantart.com/
Patrons see two“format” choices:• Type• Format
Voyager OPAC before FRBR/RDA
Patrons see five“format” choices:• Type• Format• Content• Media• Carrier
Voyager OPAC after FRBR/RDA
Three new “format” choices
