fostering growth through inner areas development carla carlucci espon seminar “territories acting...
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Fostering growth through Inner Areas development
Carla Carlucci
ESPON Seminar“Territories Acting for Economic Growth:
Using territorial evidence to meet challenges towards 2020”
Inspire policy making by territorial evidence
The Italian territory is characterized by:
A polycentric system where a dense and varied network of urban centers offer a wide range of essential services like healthcare, education, and transport. These centers represent a 'point of convergence' for people living in remote areas;
The distance from these urban networks/“service poles” affects people’s quality of life
preventing them to benefit of these essential services
Relations between urban and rural centers are context dependent
and may vary substantially depending on territorial specificities
The Italian spatial model
Inner Areas are those territories characterised by
a NOT adequate offer of/ access to essential services to assure a certain level of citizenship among population;
being rich in natural assets (water resources, agricultural systems, forests, natural landscapes) and cultural resources (archaeological settlements, abbeys, small museums, craft centers);
having a complex territory shaped by diverse natural phenomena and human settlement processes.
In Italy inner areas covers almost the 60% of the whole national territory embracing about the 23% of its total population and
more than 4000 municipalities
Inner Areas: what does it mean?
‘Service Centers’ have been defined as those municipalities that offer
an exhaustive range of secondary schools; at least a 1st level DEA (highly specialized) hospital ; at least a ‘Silver - type’ railway station (RFI).
NO DEMOGRAPHIC CRITERIA HAVE BEEN APPLIED
Areas have been mapped according to the distance (travel-time) from these ‘Service Centers’ as:
‘Belt’ areas – up to 20 minutes far from the centers; ‘Intermediate’ areas – from 20 to 40 minutes; ‘Remote’ areas – from 40 to 75 minutes; ‘Ultra – remote’ areas – over 75 minutes far
Methodology to identify Inner Areas
Inner Areas
Source: UVAL-UVER-ISTAT elaboration on data from the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and RFI (Italian Railway Network)
Italy’s Inner Areas
Classification of Municipalities N. %Average elevation
Population % KM2 %
Single-Municipality Service Center 217 2,7 148 20.983.786 35,3 28.948 9,6 Multi-Municipality Service Center 122 1,5 195 2.986.161 5,0 8.606 2,8 Belt areas 3568 44,1 219 22.135.047 37,2 83.982 27,8 Intermediate areas 2360 29,2 399 8.832.422 14,9 88.187 29,2 Remote areas 1522 18,8 601 3.812.271 6,4 72.829 24,1 Ultra-remote areas 303 3,7 666 684.057 1,2 19.521 6,5
Total 8092 100,0 358 59.433.744 100,0 302.073 100,0
Souce: DPS elaboration on Istat - Census 2011
Inner Areas Strategy _ OBJECTIVES
5 main innovation
National dimension and multilevel governance (State – Regions –municipalities and inter municipal partnership) to foster a participatory approach to local development;
It operates through two interrelated classes of actions (access to basic services and local development actions);
Multifund attitude (EAFRD, ERDF, ESF and National Funds) to support integrated actions
It is a step-by-step process. Just one prototype area per Region is firstly selected to evaluate the potential success of the Strategy and trigger a positive learning mechanism (Territorial Concentration);
Prototype areas are selected through a “Open” public proceeding;
Inner Areas Strategy_ INNOVATION
The Central Level
Fosters and monitors the Strategy’s application Encompasses main elements of the Strategy into the Partnership
Agreement 2014-2020 Assists the Region in selecting prototype areas Manages the Federation of Projects
The Regions
Financial allocation for Inner Areas in the programs; Selection of specific Areas / projects; Political support;
Associated Municipalities
Application of the Strategy at territorial level; Participate in the Framework Agreement selecting projects; manage services …
A multilevel governance in depth
The Strategy pursues its aims through two related ad-hoc actions / mutually reinforcing
Inner Areas Strategy - Actions
And on Specific Basic Services Improvements
Transport: implementation of smart networks to foster efficiency and connection between strategic communication spot (both people and goods)
Health services: improving territorial healthcare network; doctors associations and “Tele-Health Services”;
Education: re-organising schooling around well balanced “main poles”; avoiding excessive professors mobility and ensuring schools networking.
Mutually reinforcing actions: Action n. 1
Area based projects will concentrate on a number of selected fields:
land management and forests;
local food products;
renewable energy;
natural and cultural heritage;
traditional handicraft and SMEs (Saperi Locali)
Mutually reinforcing action n.2
Inner Areas investments are funded by:
Stability Law 2014 (Art. 1(13)-(17)). National Funds allocated to enhancing Inner Areas’ inhabitants access to essential services;
2014-2020 European Structural and Investment Funds available for regional investments aimed at supporting local development projects;
A multifund attitude in depth
One year after*
The selection process - Our Figures
* Source: DPS; period of reference:
September 2013 to October 2014
The Open Inner Areas methodsOver 100 indicators and filed work to individuate:
Areas with people living mainly in Inner areas
Inner Areas Loosing Populations
Inner Areas with consistent elderly characteristics
Areas with Good project Implementation capacities
Areas with strong Local leadership and municipalities capacities to work in
associations
Each region is selecting few areas to concentrate the policy
How Regions and Centre do select Inner Areas?
Open Inner Areas method in practiceThe case of Liguria Region
A. General indicatorsALTA VALLE
ARROSCIA
BEIGUA E UNIONE SOL
VAL DI VARA 5 TERRE
VAL ANTOLA
e TIGULLIO
LIGURIA Aree
Interne
ITALIA Aree
InterneLIGURIA ITALY
a.1 Municipalities 11 8 16 16 106 4261 235 8092a.2 Inner areas 11 3 9 14 106 4261 106 4261a.3 Remote and ultra-remote areas 6 1 3 9 29 1884 29 1884a.4 Resident population at 2011 4.535 18.719 20.674 18.625 138.269 13.540.508 1.570.694 59.433.744a.5 Inner areas population 4.535 3.231 10.008 14.140 138.269 13.540.508 138.269 13.540.508a.6 Remote and ultra-remote areas population 1.653 769 3.703 3.793 14.933 4.588.242 14.933 4.588.242a.7 % of population inner areas 100,0 17,3 48,4 75,9 100,0 100,0 8,8 0,2a.8 % of population in remote and ultra-remote areas 36,4 4,1 17,9 20,4 10,8 33,9 1,0 0,1a.9 km2 254 318 563 592 2.780 184.488 5.416 302.073a.10 Density / km2 17,9 58,9 36,7 31,4 49,7 73,4 290,0 196,8
B. PopulationALTA VALLE
ARROSCIA
BEIGUA E UNIONE SOL
VAL DI VARA 5 TERRE
VAL ANTOLA
e TIGULLIO
LIGURIA Aree
Interne
ITALIA Aree
InterneLIGURIA ITALY
b.1 % population aged 0-16 at 2011 11,3 12,7 11,2 11,9 12,3 15,7 13,1 15,9b.2 % population aged 17-34 at 2011 15,3 15,5 14,9 14,8 15,5 20,7 15,9 20,0b.3 % population aged 65 and over at 2011 31,2 28,1 31,0 29,4 28,3 21,2 27,4 20,8b.4 Resident foreigners at 2011 11,1 3,6 4,1 6,0 6,4 5,4 7,1 6,8b.5 Change in total population between 1971 and 2011 -35,7 -8,2 -18,3 -14,9 -7,7 4,1 -15,3 9,8b.6 Change in total population between 2001 and 2011 -3,7 -2,2 -2,5 3,6 0,6 2,1 -0,1 4,3b.7 Change in resident foreigners between 2001 and 2011 149,0 286,8 176,1 383,5 209,4 200,6 209,9 201,8
D. Digital divide (year2013)ALTA VALLE
ARROSCIA
BEIGUA E UNIONE SOL
VAL DI VARA 5 TERRE
VAL ANTOLA
e TIGULLIO
LIGURIA Aree
Interne
ITALIA Aree
InterneLIGURIA ITALY
d.1% of population with access to Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - ADSL no less than 2 mbps but less than 20 mbps (effective capacity)
24,4 39,6 35,3 36,7 33,0 36,8 20,0 26,9
d.2% of population with access to Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - ADSL at 20 mbps (effective capacity) but less than 30 mbps
28,5 44,9 27,7 21,6 40,3 46,2 58,6 55,9
d.3% of population with no access to Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - ADSL – fixed network
47,1 15,5 36,9 41,7 26,7 17,0 7,5 7,7
d.4
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line and fixed network (% of population with no access to broadband)
35,8 7,1 17,5 25,4 13,5 8,8 3,0 3,5
Open Inner Areas method in practiceThe case of Liguria Region
F. Healthcare (2012)ALTA VALLE
ARROSCIA
BEIGUA E UNIONE SOL
VAL DI VARA 5 TERRE
VAL ANTOLA
e TIGULLIO
LIGURIA Aree
Interne
ITALIA Aree
InterneLIGURIA ITALY
f.1Specialist outpatient - Services provided x 1000 residents
313 1.149 169 371 2.941 2.581 5.925 4.345
f.2 Hospitalization rate (reference rate= 170) 162,7 164,7 166,1 171,7 165,3 167,8 172,6 156,7
f.3Hospitalization rate for population aged 75 and over
347,0 343,5 375,9 366,5 383,9 391,4 390,9 381,7
f.4Avoidable hospitalization rate (reference rate= 570)
520,7 472,0 600,7 656,9 490,7 583,9 524,9 544,0
f.5Percentage of population aged 65 and over treated in Integrated Home Care (ADI)
3,0 2,9 2,8 3,0 3,2 4,1 2,8 3,5
f.6Percentage of deliveries with first visit in pregnancy carried out after 11 weeks of gestation
12,5 5,7 0,9 3,5 4,8 11,5 5,2 10,5
f.7Time (in minutes) between the start of the telephone call to the monitoring station and the arrival of the first rescue vehicle on site
25 20 25 24 21 21 13 16
Open Inner Areas method in practiceThe case of Liguria Region
Italy is developing a National Strategy in favor of Inner Areas since Sept.2012Working trough
Political Agreement Between Precedency of the Council; Ministry of Agriculture; Ministry of Health; Ministry of Transports; Ministry of School and Labor (last three Governments);
Agreement with All Italian Regions, the European Commission and selected associations of municipalities;
Strong Technical Support (Department for Development Policies, Central Bank; Institute of National Statistics / Committee for Inner Areas);
Main Political Achievements
Italian Inner Areas Strategy is giving «true content» to the EU Territorial Cohesion Objective. Indeed, the pursuit of the objective of Territorial cohesion Policy aimed at slowing the depopulation of inner Areas is present in the "National Strategy for Inner Areas of the country";
Areas faraway from «Basic Services» do need special attention, regardless from their rural or urban nature; European Union should expressly address these challenges;
Many years of «fragmented» policies in Inner Areas do show that investments intervention – together with cuts on basic services, do not bring desired results;
Multi funding (still so difficult in practice!), together with a spatial place approach are crucial
Thematic Concentration versus Territorial Concentration: not enough flexible tools can weaken effective territorial concentration
Conclusions
