Role of English language in world is inevitably helping most of world habitants communicate in varied realm of necessities, including economy.

The launch of ASEAN Free Trade Area in 2015 underlies investigation of English varieties (EV) in Indonesia and their position in international communication.

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English language in Indonesia is a foreign language. Level of familiarity for people from different countries hearing EV in Indonesia must be different compare to Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Philippine.

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1. To see the varieties of English as impact of first language

2. To understand whether the varieties have impact in communication.

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Interview (to check specific criteria) Recording:

1. 44 British English Pronunciation Received (Bre PR) 44 Sounds BRE RP.docx2. News Headlines from BBC learning program Headlines.docx

Assessment (comprehension) Analyzing (English Varieties)

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Nine assessors; ENS (Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and USA),Philippine and Malaysia

to indicate unique pronunciation but it is understandable

? to indicate unique pronunciation and unable to understand

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Participants15 Indonesian students;7 Javanese students (5 Central Java, 1 Yogyakarta and 1 East Java); 2 Papua students; 2 Toraja (Sulawesi) students; 2 Nias (Sumatra) students; 1 Kupang student 1 Pekan Baru student.

Three criteria: 1. Active as English Language students of Universities in Indonesia and not enrolled in English master program2. Have not been in any English language countries3. Actively use traditional language besides speaking Indonesian and English.

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Varieties are found based on participants’ local dialects

Variety as effect of Bahasa Indonesia

Analysis is focused not on mispronunciation as effect of slip-tongue. Participants were briefly informed every new words and the pronunciation.

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English Phonetic Symbol

Students’ Pronounciation

Barrier

Buy /baɪ/ /baie/ “ie” soundPat /pæt/ /pat/ “a” soundKey /ki:/ /key/ “ey” soundCheck /ʧek/ /cæk/ “æ” soundPhone /fəʊn/ /phone/ “pho” soundLake /leɪk/ /lake/ “a” soundSuit /su:t/ /suit/ “i” sound Vast /vɑ:st/ /vas/ Silent “t”Fusion /fju:ʒn/ /fusyen/ “sy” soundYacht /jɒt/ /yaj/ “yai” soundAir /eər/ /air/ “ai” soundLuxurious / lʌgʒʊərɪəs/ /luzerus/ “uze” sound

The writers did not find any big differences in pronouncing either 44 British English Received Pronounced (Bre RP) or BBC Headline News.

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English Phonetic Symbols

Student’s pronunciatio

n

Barrier

Suit /su:t/ /sit/ Silent /u/boot /bu:t/ /bəut/ ‘ə’ soundPiet /pi:t/ /piit/ Sharp ‘I’

Fusion /fju:ʒn/ /fju:zn/ ‘z’ & ‘ə’soundVehicle /ˈviːəkl/; /ˈfiːəkl/; /f/ soundevade /ɪˈveɪd/ /ɪˈfeɪd/ /f/ soundvoted /vəʊtid/ /fəʊtid/ /f/ sound

They are most influenced by Indonesian language where it is difficult to differentiate /f/ and /v/. Local dialect effects the speed of pronunciation so that some vowels change.

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English Phonetic Symbol

Student’s Pronunciation

Barrier

Zip /zip/ /sip/ /s/ soundshell /ʃel/ /sel/ /s/ soundvoted /vəutid/ /veutid/ /eu/ soundpart /pa;t/ /part/ Long vowelport /po;t/ /port/ Long vowel

In Toraja language, there is no /ə/ sound. That is why the word which should be pronounced /ə/ become /e/ sound. The problem also lies in the /z/ and /ʃ/ sound. Since there is only /s/ sound in Toraja language, the students tend to pronounce these sounds become /s/ sound.

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Similar information gathered in some studies indicates writers’ finding, Li Niha is languge used by people in Nias. Identical sound of the language is ending of every words is having sound ‘ə’ in English or ‘ö’ in Nias phonetic (lembaga sabda foundation).

English Phonetic Symbols

Student’s pronunciatio

n

Barrier

pat /pæt/ /pa'ət/ ‘ə’ soundVast /vɑ:st/ /va' əst/ ‘ə’ sound

Fusion /fju:ʒn/ /fju:sn/ ‘sən’ soundBear /bær/ /ba'ər/ ‘ə’ soundOut /aʊt/ /əut/ ‘ə’ sound

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Due to local dielect, student pronounce words with long vowel shortly and fast. However, finding by Stephen A. et all about sound have strong phonemic fricative ‘ʃ’, first sound ‘h’ (682) did not find.

English Phonetic Symbols

Student’s pronunciatio

n

Barrier

Part /pɑ:t/ /pat/ Long vowelPort /pɔ:t/ /pot/ Long vowelBird /bɜ:t/ /bət/ Long vowel

Fusion /fju:ʒn/ /fju:zn/ ‘z’ sound

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Barriers are found in words with ‘v’ sound in: Volkswagen; evade; vehicle; and voted

Words with diphthong /eɪ/; /əʊ/; /eə/; /ʊə/mail and main for instances

Nugraha and Katherine’s book entitled Essential Indonesian Phrase Book, characters q, v, x, z are rare in Bahasa Indonesia (6)

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From 9 assessors, there is an assessor who has never been interacted with Indonesian. In result, assessment by the assessor showed more difficult words to understand rather than other assessors.

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Three strong varieties (barriers found in following words based on different districts) 1. Papua and Kupang students (words with

long vowels)2. Toraja students (words with initial sound

‘z’ and sound ‘∫’)3. Javanese students (words with consonant

b, d, g, j, ʤ and ð)

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English variety as effect of Bahasa Indonesia can be found in words with ‘v’ sound alter to ‘f’ and words with diphthongs /eɪ/; /əʊ/; /eə/; /ʊə/ and /ɪə/

Same finding by Nugraha and Katherine in their book entitled Essential Indonesian Phrase Book.

Overall, interlocutors were able to get the main information shared by students.

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Those finding recorded in the research with suggestion for readers to do more exercise with contained phonetic in English words even though not all assessors failed to understand them, but there is any possibility those hinder communication.

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