france’s north american empire. sept 16 quiz ■ edmund morgan refers to the articles of...
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France’s North American Empire
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Sept 16 Quiz
■ Edmund Morgan refers to the Articles of Confederation period of American history as “The Critical Period.” Write a paragraph that identifies some of the achievements that the American government enjoyed under the Articles of Confederation (1781-1789).
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France’s North American Empire
■ Why were the French in North America?■ Sparse settlements■ Depends upon Native alliances
■ South- Choctaw Indians■ North- Ohio River Valley (Iroquois) Tribes
■ Poor communication■ Fortification
■ Pittsburgh, Louisville, Cincinnati
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France and England at War
■ 1689-1763- Period of constant warfare■ Virginia expansion■ Treaty of Lancaster (1744)■ Lt. Col. George Washington (1754)
■ Fort Duquesne ■ Battle of Jumonville Glen■ Battle of Fort Necessity
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France and England at War
■ Albany Plan of Union■ Coordinate colonial defense■ Levy taxes■ Regulate Indian affairs■ Many colonies rejected plan
■ Consequences of failed plan of union
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The French and Indian War
■ a.k.a. Seven Years War, War for Empire■ Distinctions of this war:
■ First “world war”■ North America, Europe, Caribbean, Africa, India, and
the Philippine Islands■ First major war fought in North America■ Unprecedented size and expense■ Decisive outcome
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJv86RpLsVQ
Last of the Mohicans, James Fenimore Cooper
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The French and Indian War: Phase One
■ 1754-1758■ French advantage
■ Guerilla warfare■ Native allies■ Isolated English settlements■ War of extermination
■ British response■ Gen. Edward Braddock
■ Fort Duquesne (1755)
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French and Indian War: Phase One
■ England blames colonists for military setbacks■ Gen. Lord Loudoun
■ Colonial resentment and animosity builds■ William Pitt (turning point of the war)
■ England’s Chief Colonial Minister■ Reduced British control over colonial militia■ Placed colonists in leadership positions■ Invested British treasury ■ Sent thousands of additional troops
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French and Indian War: Phase Two
■ 1758-1760■ French reign in guerrilla warfare■ Force Indians to fight like Europeans■ Many tribes switch allegiances
■ Iroquois■ Battle of the Plains of Abraham (Quebec)
■ Sept. 13, 1759■ Battle of Quiberon Bay (Nov. 1759)■ Fall of Montreal (1760)
■ New France surrenders
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French and Indian War’s Significance
■ England dominant N. American power■ American colonists resent British control■ War bankrupts British treasury
■ Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend
Revenue Act■ Proclamation Line of 1763
■ A major cause of the American Revolution
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