French grammar French grammar and grammatical and grammatical

analysisanalysisLecture 1Lecture 1

What is grammar?What is grammar?

Dr Rachel HoareDr Rachel Hoare

Course aims and format

• To provide a foundation of basic grammatical concepts and terminology relating to the French language

• Develop grammatical precision in written and oral expression

• Lecture: Monday, 11.00 – Room 2037

• Weekly class(es) – find out when and where

• Noticeboard

What is Grammar (1)

Ensemble des règles phonétiques, morphologiques et syntaxiques, écrites et orales d’une langue.

(Petit Larousse, 1988)

What is Grammar (2)

2 terms frequently appear when discussing grammar:

Descriptive

Prescriptive

What is Grammar (3)

Examples: Examples: Some prescriptive rules of Some prescriptive rules of English:English:

Don’t use double negation Don’t use double negation Don’t end a sentence with a Don’t end a sentence with a

preposition (“the person I was preposition (“the person I was waiting for.”) waiting for.”)

Don’t use who in place of whom Don’t use who in place of whom

Register

Concerned with the relationship that exists between a speaker and the person he/she is speaking to.

In other words, it is the degree of formality or informality which a speaker accords the listener.

We often use a different register when writing and when speaking.

Self access grammar work

2 hours every week

The student should make use of:

• CLCS French Software

• CLCS Grammar Books

• Self-correction

CLCS Facilities

Room 4091 (materials available)

Rooms 4073 and 4074 (computer rooms)

How to prepare your Homework

ALL Homework should be word-processed

• Legibility

• Spell checking functions

• Grammar suggestions

• Thesaurus

• Permanent record for you

 

French accents (1)French accents (1)

Accent aigu: The acute may only be used over an e and this e must be the last letter of a syllable, ex. ré-pé-tée (except where followed by an e mute at the end of a word).

  Accent grave: The grave may be used over an e where

the following syllable is mute: ex. très, succès (except for –ée: e.g. mère, sèche, je mènerai and (sometimes) before a final s).

The grave is used over an a in the following words, à, çà (and then only in çà et là), deçà, delà, holà, là, voilà.

Note, there is no accent on cela (=that), or on its reduced form, ça.

The grave is used over u in only one word, où.

French Accents (2)

The circumflex may be used over a, e, i, o or u. In some words it denotes the omission of an s that existed in earlier spelling and may have passed into English.

French Accents (3) The cedilla is placed under a c before a, o, or u to indicate that the c is pronounced [s] and not [k]: commençais (from commencer), reçu (from recevoir). Note, c is always pronounced [s] before e and i and so never takes a cedilla before either of these two vowels.

 

The diaeresis (tréma) only ever occurs before the second of two vowels. It can be used to indicate that the two vowels belong to separate syllables; je hais (present tense) [ε] but past historic je haïs [ai]

French accents (3)French accents (3)

Putting in French Accents (in Microsoft Word)

Spellchecker (in Microsoft Word 2000/XP or earlier versions)

Spellchecker and Thesaurus (in Microsoft Word 2000/XP or earlier versions)

Grammar Books and Usage

The primary text for you to consult is French Grammar and Usage 2nd Edition by Roger Hawkins and Richard Towell (London: Arnold) and the accompanying Practising French Grammar Revised Edition by Roger Hawkins, Marie-Nöelle Lamy and Richard Towell (London: Arnold).

It is suggested that as you do the stipulated grammatical exercises you refer to these two books if you require further exercises/explanations.

Mot à Mot: a new advanced French vocabulary

by

Paul Humberstone.

How to get these books?

Buying

International Books

Internet

Library

5 Copies of French Grammar and Usage

5 Copies of Practising French Grammar

Oral language courseOral language course

You will find the JF aural language You will find the JF aural language exercises on the departmental exercises on the departmental website under ‘local access’website under ‘local access’

You need to do the exercises before You need to do the exercises before you go to the oral class every week.you go to the oral class every week.

Junior Freshman Peer Junior Freshman Peer TutoringTutoring

2012-20132012-2013 As new college students you will need As new college students you will need

new strategies to enable you to deal new strategies to enable you to deal with the year ahead.with the year ahead.

Peer Tutoring provides a student-to-Peer Tutoring provides a student-to-student support system.student support system.

It is not, however, a substitute for It is not, however, a substitute for attending lectures and classroom attending lectures and classroom learning.learning.

Peer TutoringPeer Tutoring aims to aims to enhanceenhance

Academic and personal developmentAcademic and personal development

Integration and adjustment to College lifeIntegration and adjustment to College life

Development and mastery of the study Development and mastery of the study skills and strategies necessary to be an skills and strategies necessary to be an effective learnereffective learner

Understanding and mastery of the course Understanding and mastery of the course materialmaterial

Use of the language-learning resources Use of the language-learning resources (language labs, text books, notes, etc)(language labs, text books, notes, etc)

Peer TutoringPeer Tutoring Brings small groups of First Year students Brings small groups of First Year students

and a Second Year student together twice and a Second Year student together twice a week to review the material covered to a week to review the material covered to date.date.

Remember – a Second Year student is a Remember – a Second Year student is a survivor of the course you are about to survivor of the course you are about to embark upon.embark upon.

You will benefit from their experience in a You will benefit from their experience in a relaxed and non-classroom environment.relaxed and non-classroom environment.

Identify the agreements in the following short passage.Identify the agreements in the following short passage.

LOGEMENT ETUDIANT - Les LOGEMENT ETUDIANT - Les résidencesrésidences universitairesuniversitaires à à l'essail'essai

Se loger, si possible pas trop cher, pas trop Se loger, si possible pas trop cher, pas trop loin et avec un minimum de confort … c’est loin et avec un minimum de confort … c’est LE sujet de préoccupation de chaque LE sujet de préoccupation de chaque rentrée étudiante. Location, cité U, coloc', rentrée étudiante. Location, cité U, coloc', logement intergénérationnel… voici les logement intergénérationnel… voici les différents modes de logements possibles. différents modes de logements possibles. Bon plan ou galère ? Selon vos attentes et Bon plan ou galère ? Selon vos attentes et votre budget, sachez où vous pourrez poser votre budget, sachez où vous pourrez poser votre sac. votre sac.