Freshwater Biomes

Chapter 10

Objectives

Describe the factors that characterize the various types of aquatic biomes.

* Drinking * Cooking * Bathing * Transportation *

* Electrical Energy * Cooling *

10.1 Aquatic Biomes

Freshwater Video

Aquatic Habitats

Ones in which the organisms live in or on the water.

Aquatic Biome CharacteristicsSalinityDepthDissolved OxygenFlow Rate

Salinity

The amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water.

Salt water: 30 ppt Fresh water: 0.5 ppt Brackish water: in between Salt Lake (hypersaline): 40 ppt

Depth Depth relates to the amount of sunlight Sunlight determines the amounts and types of

plants Since plants provide the food for animals, depth

determines the amount and types of animals

Depth Zones Photic Zone

The top layer of water that receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis

Aphotic Zone Sunlight never reaches Very deep lakes and the oceans

Benthic Zone The floor of a body of water May have plants and animals depending on depth

Quick Quiz 10.1QQ

1. Settlers used rivers for2. Aquatic Biome Characteristics3. Aquatic Biome Characteristics4. Aquatic Biome Characteristics5. Aquatic Biome Characteristics6. 15 ppt salt7. Reduces with depth8. A depth zone9. A depth zone10. A depth zone

A. SunlightB. DepthC. BenthicD. Flow RateE. AphoticF. SalinityG. TransportationH. PhoticI. Salt water J. Dissolved

OxygenK. Brackish

10.2 Standing-Water Ecosystems

Objectives Identify the characteristics of different types of

standing-water ecosystems Explain the value of wetlands and the reason for

their decline

Standing Water Organisms

Several levels of habitat Top level supports the plankton community

Microorganisms that float on surface of waterBottom of aquatic food web

Standing Water Organisms

Two types of planktonPhytoplankton

Carries out photosynthesisThe main producers in aquatic biomes

ZooplanktonDo not carry out photosynthesisConsumers of phytoplankton

Lake

Question

Which is it?

A. Lake

B. Pond

C. Swamp

D. Bog

Pond

Question

Which is it?

A. Lake

B. Pond

C. Swamp

D. Bog

Lakes & Ponds Video

Wetlands

Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year

Marshes Swamps Bogs Soil is soaked in water Very low in dissolved oxygen

Wetlands continued

Very importantAct as filters, detoxifying chemicals in the

waterBreeding, feeding & resting grounds for

waterfowlFlood protectionRefilling of aquifers

Marsh

Question

Which is it?

A. Swamp

B. Marsh

C. Mangrove

D. Bog

Marsh Video

SwampQuestion

Which is it?

A. Swamp

B. Marsh

C. Mangrove

D. Bog

Swamp Video

Mangrove Swamp

Question

Which is it?

A. Swamp

B. Marsh

C. Mangrove

D. Bog

Mangrove Video

The Bog

Question

Which is it?

A. Swamp

B. Marsh

C. Mangrove

D. Bog

Bog Video

Wetlands vs Humans

Being destroyed at an alarming rateNot as attractive as other natural habitatsBreeding grounds for mosquitoesUnpleasant odor – swamp gas – methaneValuable land for developmentUsed as landfills

Florida Everglades

Much was drained to create farmland. The natural cycle was destroyed and

populations of many organisms was greatly reduced

Some land has been returned to wetlands and the water flow has been adjusted

Still an endangered habitat but now there is hope

Quick Quiz t/f 10.2QQ

1. The bottom of the aquatic food web is plankton.2. Zooplankton carries out photosynthesis.3. Phytoplankton is a consumer.4. Marshes, swamps & bogs are wetlands.5. Wetlands are important because they protect from floods.6. Roots of wetland plants are submerged under water at

least part of the year7. Wetlands should be destroyed because they breed

mosquitoes and they smell.8. The Everglades are expanding and threatening the take

over of Florida.9. Draining the Everglades is an important step towards

solving the alligator problem.10. Swamps have lots of trees but marshes typically do not.

10.3 Flowing Water Ecosystems

Objective

Describe how abiotic factors of gravity, erosion, and sedimentation affect stream ecosystems

Scientists call all aboveground bodies of flowing freshwater streams

Stream Organisms

Adapt to the waters movementPlants have roots that keep them in placeSome organisms burrow into sandy bottomsSome have hooks to grab hold of plantsSome have suckers to anchor to rocksSome have ability to swim upstreamSeek calm pools at sides of streams

Stream Flow

Often begin from runoff from melting snow

Flow downhill Flow towards the

oceans At source (head) flow

is too fast for most organisms

Stream Video

Stream Flow continued

As stream slows, small particles settle to bottom called sediments.

Sediments provide a place for plants to growPhytoplankton multiplyEnough food to support consumers

The Course of a Stream

Sedimentation and erosion cause the course to change

Results in a winding or meandering of the stream

Human Activity Streams changed dramatically by human activity Dams and reservoirs Stream beds become lake bottoms Levees and dikes for flood control Dredging for shipping Changing the course of a stream damages or

destroys the delicate habitats of many organisms

The End

Quick Quiz QQ10.3

1. Abiotic factors of gravity, e_____, and s_____ affect stream ecosystems

2. Scientists call all aboveground bodies of flowing freshwater ______

3. Adaptations to the waters movement include h___ & s____.

4. Stream flow often begins from runoff from m___ s___.5. Streams flow d_____ towards the o_____.6. At source (head) flow is too fast for most o______.7. As stream slows, small particles settle to bottom called

s______ providing a place for p______ to grow8. Meandering is caused by s_____ and e______.9. Streams are often damaged by _______ activity.