friendly warning test # 2 follows completion of chapter 4: date tba next class covers chapters 2, 3...
TRANSCRIPT
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Friendly Warning
Test # 2 follows completion of Chapter 4:
DATE TBA next class
covers Chapters 2, 3 & 4
Review Sheets for 2 & 3 now on Course Website
Includes Listening Examples
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CHAPTER 3
“Social Dance and Jazz”
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Chapter 3 (outline)
• Technology and the Music Business
• “Freak Dances”
• James Reese Europe and the Castles
• (Early) Jazz as Popular Music
• Dance Music in the Jazz Age
• Latin Dance Music
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Latin Influences• Bands w/ Latin-American Musicians in US (late 1920s-30s)
• Don Azpiazú and his Havana Casino Orchestra (NYC, 1930)
• “El Manisero” (“The Peanut Vendor”) [textbook, p. 101-03]- “Son” tradition mixed w/ “pregón” (street cries)
• Begins “Rumba” (& other Latin) dance craze
• “Clave” : ||: 1, (2) &, (3), 4 | (1), 2, 3, (4) :|| [repeat]
Ex. Don Azpiazu & His Havana Casino Orchestra - El Manisero (The Peanut Vendor) - YouTube
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CHAPTER 4
“I Got Rhythm” :The Golden Age of Tin Pan Alley
Song, 1920s and 1930s
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Chapter 4 (outline)
• Tin Pan Alley Song Form
• What Were Tin Pan Alley Songs About?
• What Makes a Song a “Standard”?
• Tin Pan Alley and Broadway
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Tin Pan Alley
• The Popular Music Business – 1920s-30s
• Influence of Ragtime & Syncopated Dance
• Jewish Immigrants (performers & composers)- influence of European classical & art music- Cantors & Music from the Synagogue
• Standard Forms (but variety within)
• Pure Capitalism – Music as “Commodity”
• Synergy with Broadway and (later) Hollywood
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JewishPerformers
Sophie Tucker"Last of the Red Hot Mamas"
Al Jolson“The World’s Greatest Entertainer”
JackBenny“cheap”
Milton Berle“Uncle Miltie”
George Burns
“Say goodnight Gracie”
George Jessel“Hello Mama”
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A Few TPA Composers
Irving Berlin (1888-1989)
Richard Rodgers (1902-1979)
George Gershwin
(1898-1937)
Cole Porter (1891-1964)
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Walter Donaldson (1893-1947)
• “Carolina in the Morning”• “How Ya Gonna Keep ‘em Down on th
e Farm”• “Makin’ Whoopie”• “My Blue Heaven” (5 million copies!)• “My Buddy”• “My Mammy” • “Yes Sir That’s My Baby”
• Born Brooklyn, NY• Mother taught piano (and Walter)• TPA song plugger• 1st songs sold 1915• Donaldson, Douglas & Gumble (publ.)• Broadway & Hollywood successes• Walter Donaldson - The Official Website
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Tin Pan Alley Song Form• Ex. Gene Austin - My Blue Heaven (1927)
(Textbook, p. 110-12)• Introduction – “hook”• Verse (usually 2) – sets the scene• Refrain – the “tune” remembered• Song Form (used in the REFRAIN)
- A- A(‘)- B – “bridge” or “release” (contrasts)- A (“)
• Can vary: AABC, ABCA, ABCD, etc.,but 4 equal phrases the norm
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Lyrics• Anything possible, but…..
- “Romance” is biggest…- …especially for the individual (“I” or “me”)
• “spoken” in the vernacular (everyday speech)- emphasized by “crooning” (intimate voice)
• Topical References (occasionally)• “Brother Can You Spare a Dime?” (1931)• Exs. of Lyrics:
- Brother, Can You Spare A Dime? – YouTube- "Life is Just a Bowl of Cherries" (Rudy Vallee, 1931) – YouTube
- Gold Diggers of 1933 - "We're in the Money" - YouTube
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Irving Berlin (1888-1989)• Russian (Jewish) immigrant
- father was a cantor- family to NYC in 1893
• Saloon singer, song plugger• “Alexander’s Ragtime Band” (1911)• Watch Your Step (1914)
- “syncopated musical” w/ the Castles
• Publisher, Producer, Theater Owner• Untutored in music or lyric writing
- “does not believe in inspiration” (it’s a job)- plays “by ear” (uses copyist/arranger)- “If I don’t know the rules, I don’t have to follow them”
• Aims for the “average American”• 1,500 songs (!)
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Irving Berlin – Music Examples• “Alexander’s Ragtime Band” (1911)
- Alexander's Ragtime Band Columbia A1032 - YouTube
• “Blue Skies” (1926)- Blue Skies - Al Jolson – YouTube (from The Jazz Singer)- Willie Nelson-Blue Skies (with Lyrics) (1978)
• “Puttin’ On the Ritz” (1930)- Fred Astaire. Put it on the Ritz. (1930?)- Gene Wilder - Young Frankenstein (1974) - Puttin' on the Ritz (1974)
• “God Bless America” (1938)- God Bless America, First Radio performance, Armistice Day November 10, 1938, Kate Smith - YouTube
• “White Christmas” (1942)- Bing Crosby & Marjorie Reynolds White Christmas Holiday Inn 1942
• “Irving Berlin is the greatest songwriter who has ever lived.”- George Gershwin
• “Irving Berlin has no place in American music—he is American music.” - Jerome Kern