frietuna computer consultants limited copyright © 2000 - 2002 the role of it architecture1of 30 the...

Frietuna Computer Consultants LimitedCopyright © 2000 - 2002

The role of IT Architecture 1 of 30

The role of IT Architecturein

Active Loss Prevention



The questions to answerThe questions to answer

What is an Architecture?

What is an IT Architecture?

What should an IT Architecture do?

How do you develop an IT Architecture?

What do we need?

What is TOGAF?

What else will we need?



What is this?What is this?

An example of successAn example of success

An example of architecture leading to successAn example of architecture leading to success

An analogy



A few facts about the 747A few facts about the 747

9 February 1969 - flight of first 747-100

Over 700 deliveries

Approximate price $200m each

Each has about 6,000,000 componentsFleet has logged more than 56 billion km.

Fleet has flown 3.6 billion people

Multiple cabin configurations

Most economy sections longerthan the flight of the Wright Flyer



EvolutionEvolution

Constant evolution due to Changing business demands New technologies and materials

Changes from 747-100 to 747-400 Cruise speed (Km/h) 895

912 Range (Km) 8,760

13,570 Takeoff weight (Kg) 333,400

412,775 Passengers 452

524 Engine thrust (Kg) 19,730

28,710 Engine noise x

x/2



Example Stakeholder ViewpointsExample Stakeholder Viewpoints

Concerns

OperatorsCost per seatCost per ton mile

RangeTurn round time

Ease of maintenanceTime of maintenance

Airport suitabilityConfiguration flexibility

Crew training......



Concerns

OperatorsConcerns

Designers

Number of passengersCargo volumeEngine thrust

Max fuelTakeoff weight

RangeCruise speed

Wing spanLengthHeight

Cabin width......





Concerns

Operators

Con

cern

s

Pro

duct

ion

ConcernsPassengers

Concerns

Insurance

ConcernsMaintenance

Concerns

Designers

Concerns

Pilots

Concerns

FAA


The role of IT Architecture 10

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Concerns

Operators

Con

cern

s

Pro

duct

ion

ConcernsPassengers

Concerns

Insurance

ConcernsMaintenance

Concerns

Designers

Concerns

Pilots

Concerns

FAA



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Lessons to learnLessons to learn

Architecture depends on the characteristics derived from business requirements 747 and Concorde are both aircraft

Specific models are designed within the Architecture Configuration flexibility within models Model flexibility within the Architecture New materials, technologies and components used

within constraints of the architecture

Architecture only changed as last resort Driven by new business requirements or technology (When does a 747 become a 777?)



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What is an IT ArchitectureWhat is an IT Architecture

ANSI/IEEE Standard 1471-2000

The fundamental organization of a system,

embodied in its components,

their relationships to each other and the environment,

and the principles governing its design and evolution.



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An IT Architecture is not optionalAn IT Architecture is not optional

Someare designed

and some

just happen

But it’s there

and it affects the efficiency of the enterprise

Every enterprise already has an IT Architecture



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So what should an IT Architecture do?So what should an IT Architecture do?

A well-designed and effective IT Architecture will:

Be derived from business requirements

React to change at a rate dictated by the speed of change in the enterprise’s markets

Clearly define the structure of the existing system

Specify migration strategies

Set out the strategy for future purchases

Set out the strategy for future developments

Be understood and supported by senior management



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StandardsStandards

Componentselection

Componentselection

Investmentdecisions

Investmentdecisions

ITArchitecture

ITArchitecture

Businessrequirements

Businessrequirements

CurrentsystemsCurrentsystems

Technologytrends

Technologytrends

What should an IT Architecture do? (cont.)What should an IT Architecture do? (cont.)

Describe the Viewpoints of all stakeholders

Enable managers to use their IT investment to meet the needs of the business



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How do you develop an IT Architecture?How do you develop an IT Architecture?

It is not possible to specify a single, universal architecture suitable for: All purposes At all times

There is a continuum of architectures

An architecture must be suited to its specific business purpose

That purpose may change with time

The skills of experienced architects are necessary

Their task can be eased by the support of design tools in the form of an architectural framework



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Knowledgeable and professional

practitioners

Knowledgeable and professional

practitioners

Support tools at all levels

A good architectural framework

What do we need?What do we need?

A total, practical architectural solutionTOGAFTOGAF

CertificationCertificationTools ChallengeTools Challenge



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But where do you start?But where do you start?

There are many successful IT Architectures in use

Can you benefit from that accumulation of knowledge?

Can you examine in detail the IT Architecture of another organization?

Do you have to reinvent the wheel?

What reference material is available?

TOGAF exists and is freely available to answer these questions



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What is TOGAF?What is TOGAF?

An architectural framework not an architecture

Vendor-neutral – developed by user consensus

TOGAF components An Architecture Development Method (ADM) Foundation Architecture

A Technical Reference Model (TRM) A Standards Information Base (SIB) Building Blocks Information Base (BBIB)

Resource Base Architecture views · Business scenarios Case studies · TABB



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More about TOGAFMore about TOGAF

Business Requirements

TechnicalReference

Model (services)

Standards Information

Base (standards)

Building Block

Information Base (future)

Architecture Development Method

Target Architectures

FoundationArchitecture



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GArchitecturemaintenance

GArchitecturemaintenance

FImplementation

FImplementation

Architecture developmentArchitecture development

Start with a foundation architecture

Follow the phases of the ADM

EMigrationoptions

EMigrationoptions

DOpportunities

& solutions

DOpportunities

& solutions

CTarget

architecture

CTarget

architecture

BBaseline

description

BBaseline

description

AInitiation &framework

AInitiation &framework

Requirements

Results in an organization-specific

architecture more reusable building block

assets in the Enterprise Continuum

Each iteration becomes easier and has more reusable building blocks to use



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We have business scenarios

1 - problem

2 - environment

3 - objectives

4 - human actors

5 - computer actors

6 - roles & responsibilities

7 - refine

1 - Identify, document and rank the problem driving the scenario

2 - Identify business and technical environment where situation is occurring, and document in scenario models

3 - Identify and document desired objectives - the results of handling the problems successfully - get SMART

4 - Identify human actors, their roles, their place in the business model

5 - Identify computer actors (computing elements), their roles, their place in the technology model

6 - Identify and document roles, responsibilities, measures of success per actor

7 - Check for “fitness for purpose” and refine only if necessary



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We have Architecture ViewpointsWe have Architecture Viewpoints

Description of the architecture from the viewpoint of a specific stakeholder

The main mechanism of communication between the architect and the stakeholder

Used to ensure accuracy of understanding of the current and target systems

Used to ensure the architecture meets the need of each stakeholder

TOGAF’s list of views is only a recommendation



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Current recommended ViewpointsCurrent recommended Viewpoints

Business architecture views To address the concerns of users

Technical architecture views Engineering views

To address the concerns of System and Software Engineers

Operations views To address the concerns of Operators,

Administrators and Managers Acquirers’ views

To address the concerns of Acquirers



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Communications Infrastructure Interface

Application Program Interface

Application Platform

Communication Infrastructure

We have a Technical Reference ModelWe have a Technical Reference Model

Network ServicesEEI

Operating System Services

So

ftware E

ng

ineerin

g

Secu

rity

Sys &

Net M

anag

emen

t

Tran

saction

Pro

cessing

Lo

cation

& D

irectory

User In

terface

Intern

ation

al Op

eration

s

Data In

terchan

ge

Data M

anag

emen

t

Grap

hics &

Imag

e

API

Ap

plicatio

n Platfo

rmS

ervices

Infrastructure Applications Business Application

Service

Qu

alities



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We have Service Qualities We have Service Qualities

Availability Manageability, Serviceability, Performance, Reliability

Adaptability Scalability, Programmability, Extensibility

Interoperability Locatability

Usability International operation

Assurance Security, Recoverability, Integrity, Credibility



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TOGAF - its key benefits (1)TOGAF - its key benefits (1)

Vendor-Neutral

Comprehensive - from business requirements to applications to infrastructure

The result of 8 years of global development

Cuts up-front costs - avoids re-inventing the wheel

Support for Quick-Start learning curves

Insurance against departure of key staff

Refined and honed checklists at all levels - from business requirements to physical components



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TOGAF - its key benefits (2)TOGAF - its key benefits (2)

The Standards Information Base Maintained, current and comprehensive

The Building Block Information Base is being developed

TOGAF is available today

TOGAF is free today for your own use

You can participate in shaping the evolution of TOGAF



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Enhancements for active loss preventionEnhancements for active loss prevention

New stakeholder viewpoints Legal? Audit? Government? Insurance?

New qualities for the TRM?

...



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The questions to answerThe questions to answer

What is an Architecture?

What is an IT Architecture?

What should an IT Architecture do?

How do you develop an IT Architecture?

What do we need?

What is TOGAF?

What else will we need?

frietuna computer consultants limited copyright © 2000 - 2002 the role of it architecture1of 30 the...

Documents

example of architecture

analogy slide

engine noisexx2 slide

example of success

wright flyer slide

architecture configurati

active loss prevention

takeoff weight kg333