from democracy to fascism
DESCRIPTION
For the class blogTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
From Democracy to FascismAUTHORITARIAN REGIMES: JAPAN
*SEQ Examinable
![Page 2: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Reasons for Failure of Japanese Democracy
DIET’S INEFFECTIVENESSCORRUPTIONECONOMIC PROBLEMS
Taisho Emperor - son of the Meiji Emperor. His reign was known as the era of Taisho Democracy (Reigned from 1912 – 1926)
![Page 3: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Diet’s Limited Power
2 HOUSESHouse of Peers – members of
imperial family, Japanese nobles who’re nominated by Emperor
House of Representatives – Elected by Japanese pple. Emperor can dissolve house.
The Imperial Diet in session
![Page 4: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Diet’s Limited Power
HOWEVER, REAL POWER WAS WITH EMPEROR, GENRO, ARMY & NAVY MINISTERSJAPAN HAD NO DEMOCRATIC TRADITIONEMPEROR USUALLY APPOINTED MINISTERS WHO WERE LOYAL TO HIM – MANY OF THESE WERE OLD & CONSERVATIVE.MANY SAW CIVILIAN POLITICIANS AS WEAK & SOFT, ESP. IN JP FOREIGN POLICY
![Page 5: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Corruption
ZAIBATSUS WERE SUPPORTING & BANKROLLING POLITICIANS & THEIR ELECTION CAMPAIGNSHAD A LOT OF INFLUENCE IN THE GOVT.COULD INFLUENCE LAW-MAKING IN THEIR FAVOUR.
![Page 6: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Economic Problems
RICE FARMERS HAD LITTLE LAND & HAD TO PAY HIGH RENTALWORKERS ALSO HAD TO PUT UP WITH LONG HOURS & HARSH WORKING CONDITIONSTRADE IMBALANCE – NEEDED TO IMPORT FOOD TO FEED GROWING POPULATION
Japanese rice farmers faced very harsh working conditions
![Page 7: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Great Depression
PROTECTIONISM OCCURREDJAPANESE EXPORTS SUFFEREDSILK INDUSTRY WAS HARDEST HITHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT & INFLATIONJAPANESE BEGAN TO BLAME THE DEMOCRATIC GOVT.
Japanese silk farmers feeding silk worms – silk was Japan’s major export in the early 1900s.
![Page 8: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Rise of Fascism
EXTERNAL REASONS
Worsening foreign relations with west
Rise of Chinese nationalism
INTERNAL REASONS
Showa RestorationPatriotic SocietiesStrong Military Influence
Il Duce’s influence had extended to the far east.
![Page 9: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
External – Worsening Foreign Relations
COMPETITION WITH AMERICA OVER PACIFIC ISLANDSLON REFUSED TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE EQUALITY OF RACESWASHINGTON NAVAL CONFERENCE (1921) – JAPAN RECEIVED UNFAVOURABLE NAVAL RATIO AMERICA (5) : BRITAIN (5) : JAPAN (3)
Competition over the Pacific Islands strained Japanese relations with America.
![Page 10: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Imperial Navy resented being treated as a 2nd rate power, especially when it had defeated the Russians & Chinese in naval battles
![Page 11: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Worsening Foreign Relations
LONDON DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE (1930) – MILITARY FELT THAT CIVILIAN GOVT WAS SOFT.STRICT AMERICAN IMMIGRATION LAWS (1920S) – MADE JAPANESE FEEL INFERIOR
By the early 1900s, many Japanese immigrants or issei had flocked to America in search of a better life
![Page 12: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
External – Rise of Chinese Nationalism
JAPAN DEFEATED CHINA IN 1894-95 SINO-JAPANESE WARSINCE THEN, EXPLOITED CHINA’S WEAKNESSTOV AWARDED SHANTUNG PENINSULA TO JAPAN – SPARKED OFF MAY 4TH MOVT & ANTI-JAPANESE SENTIMENTSSAW CHINA’S VAST RESOURCES AS ANSWER TO ECONOMIC PROBLEMSWANTED TO SUPPLANT CHINA AS ASIA’S NO. 1 POWER
![Page 13: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chinese protestors take to the streets in outrage over Japanese seizure of Shantung.
Rise of Chinese Nationalism
The foreign powers helping themselves to a piece of China
The giant killer
![Page 14: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Internal Reasons – Showa Restoration
SHOWA RESTORATION – EDUCATION EMPHASISED INTENSE NATIONALISM & ANTI-FOREIGN SENTIMENTSALSO FOCUSED ON BLIND LOYALTY TO THE EMPEROR.
Showa Emperor or more commonly known by his name, Hirohito. (Reigned 1926 – 1989)
![Page 15: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Patriotic Societies
ULTRA-NATIONALISTIC ORGANISATIONSPUSHED FOR AGGRESSIVE FOREIGN POLICY & MILITARISMBELIEVED JP’S DESTINY WAS TO “GO FORTH, CONQUER & RULE!”MANY OF THESE SOCIETIES WORKED AGAINST THE CIVILIAN GOVT WHOM THEY BELIEVED WERE SOFT
The rising sun flag of Imperial Japan. A symbol of Japanese aggression & imperialism
![Page 16: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Increasing Military Influence
MILITARY HAD BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN BATTLES SINCE 1895.MADE MILITARY VERY INFLUENTIALPEOPLE SAW MILITARY ACTION AS THE ANSWER TO THEIR PROBS, ALSO SAW CIVILIAN GOVT AS WEAKMILITARY WERE SOON ACTING INDEPENDENTLY FROM CIVILIAN GOVT.
![Page 17: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Military Takeover of Japan
PM KI INUKAI WAS ASSASSINATED BY ARMY IN 1932HIS MURDERERS SERVED LIGHT SENTENCESSUCCEEDING PMS FELT INCREASINGLY PRESSURED BY MILITARY’S AMBITIONS.
By the mid 1930s, Japan had become a military controlled government.
![Page 18: From Democracy To Fascism](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052322/557c5fc7d8b42a3e2c8b474e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Reasons for Failure of Japanese Democracy
DIET’S INEFFECTIVENESSCORRUPTIONECONOMIC PROBLEMS
Rise of Fascism
EXTERNAL REASONSWorsening foreign
relations with westRise of Chinese
nationalism
INTERNAL REASONSShowa
RestorationPatriotic
SocietiesStrong Military
Influence