From Hunters and Gatherers to Farmers

Mr. Burns

Primary Sources

• A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study.

• Were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event.

Primary Sources

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records 

CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art 

RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings

Examples of Primary Sources

Diary of Anne Frank - Experiences of a Jewish family during WWII 

The Constitution of Canada - Canadian History 

Weavings and pottery - Native American history 

Plato's Republic - Women in Ancient Greece 

Secondary Sources

A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources.

One or more steps removed from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures,

quotes or graphics of primary sources in them. 

Primary Sources

PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticismes, commentaires, encyclopédies 

Examples of Secondary Sources

A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings 

A history textbook  A book about the effects of WWI

Dating Systems

B.C., which stands for "Before Christ," A.D. means "in the year of our Lord," (B.C.E.) Before the Common Era (C.E.), Common Era Exactly the same as B.C. and A.D. but have

nothing to do with Christianity.

The Time Period

Stone Age—– period of time when early humans used stone to

make tools.– Begins with hominids who could make tools, lasts

until people began using metal – 2 million BCE-3000 BCE

From the Old to New Stone Age

Over thousands of years, people learned to raise animals and plant foods.

How do you think learning to keep animals and farm changed the way people lived?

Creating a Stable Food Supply

Early farmers learned to domesticate animals. They raised sheep, goats, and cattle for meat. They used other animals to help them work.– Domesticate—to train a wild animal to be

useful to humans Agriculture created a more stable food

supply– Agriculture is the business of farming

Making Permanent Shelters

Why do you think people lived in temporary shelters?– Because they were hunter gatherers. This meant

they were constantly moving around for food. As people settled down to farm, they started

building more permanent shelters– Mud and stone were used to build the homes– Ladders were used to get into the openings high

in the walls of the structure

How did permanent shelter change the way people lived?

Protection from harsh weather and wild animals

Life was more comfortable New ways of cooking were developed People formed larger communities

Communities

With agriculture, came the development of early villages

How did living in communities change the way people lived?

– Division of jobs– Groups of people working together made jobs more efficient– More time to invent new ideas– Better defense

All of this lead to larger and larger populations

Jobs

Paleolithic times—people’s main job was finding food

Neolithic times—agriculture creates stable food supply so people can develop specialized skills– Farmers– Clothing makers– Craftspeople, stoneworkers

Trade

Hunter/gatherers rarely traded Trading became much more common when

communities formed– Traded for resources like flint and ores– Trade was not easy!– Brought people in contact with others thus

allowing for sharing if ideas, resources, and knowledge

How did agriculture change the way people lived?

Stable food supply Permanent housing Communities Jobs Trade