from mmo player types to gamification user types
DESCRIPTION
A quick look at how and why I went from Bartle's four MMO player types to my eight Gamification user types. ------ Bartle’s Player Types work really well for MMO games. However, their interactions rely on one major thing – Gameplay. I decided to create a categorisation that was more suited to gamified systems (with a little input from Richard himself).TRANSCRIPT
From MMO Player Types to Gamification
User TypesAndrzej Marczewski
marczewski.me.uk
@daverage
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
• Bartle’s 4 Player Types are well known in game design and gamification.
• They are; Killer, Achiever, Explorer, Socialiser.• The player types are a dynamic model based on
MMO games.• Richard explains all of the various interactions for
each type in great detail.• There is also a model that explains how many players
will ‘evolve’ through different player types over time.• Many people don’t know that he later expanded this
4 type model to a more comprehensive 8 types
Bartle’s Player Types
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
PLAYERS
ACTING
INTERACTING
WORLD
Explorers
Achievers
Socialisers
Killers
The very well know Bartle’s 4 Player Types
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
Friends
PLAYERS
IMPLICIT
INTERACTING
WORLD
ACTING
Networkers
Politicians
EXPLICIT
Griefers Opportunists
Scientists
Hackers
Planners
The less well known Bartle’s 8 Player Types
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
Andrzej’s 4 User Types• Bartle’s Player Types work really well for MMO
games. However, their interactions rely on one major thing – Gameplay.
• I decided to create a categorisation that was more suited to gamified systems (with a little input from Richard himself).
• I came up with 4 main user types; Achiever, Philanthropist, Free Spirit, Socialiser and one modifier type that I initially referred to as the Player type.
• As I explored these categories it became clear that 4 was just not going to be enough.
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
Willing to “Play”
Not Willing to “Play”
Purpose
Autonomy
Mastery
Relatedness / Social
Rewards
Philanthropist
Achiever
Free Spirit
Socialiser
Player
The Initial User Types and their basic motivations
I started by looking at the 4 basic intrinsic motivations, Relatedness, Autonomy, Mastery and Purpose. I then wanted to represent the types
of users who would respond to Extrinsic rewards.
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
Structured
Material
Non - Material
Unstructured
Philanthropists
Free Spirits
Socialisers
Achievers
Mastery Autonomy
Relatedness Purpose
The 4 basic user types mapped against personal gain and structure
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
Andrzej’s 8 User Types• Following in Bartle’s footsteps, I moved away from
looking at the types of gain that a user would get and whether they needed structure or not.
• I decided to go with Richards original axes – Acting on and What they are acting on. In this case, Users or Systems (rather than Players or Worlds)
• I now had 8 user types, 4 that were motivated intrinsically and those that needed extrinsic motivations.
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
ExploiterFree Spirit Reward+ =
ConsumerAchiever Reward+ =
Self SeekerPhilanthropist Reward+ =
Socialiser Reward+ = Networker
The Player User Type Expanded
I quickly realised that the Player type was a categorisation in it’s own right, one that was
extrinsically motivated.
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
Andrzej’s 8 User Types
Purpose
Autonomy
Mastery
Relatedness / Social
Reward
Free Spirits
Socialisers
Achievers
Philanthropists
Consumers
Networkers
Exploiters
Self Seekers
Primary
Secondary
Motivations
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
USERS
ACTING
INTERACTING
SYSTEM
Free Spirit
Achiever
Socialiser
Philanthropist
User Types – Acting On / Intrinsic Motivation
Purpose Mastery
Relatedness Autonomy
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
USERS
ACTING
INTERACTING
SYSTEM
Exploiter
Consumer
Networker
Self Seeker
User Types – Acting On / Extrinsic Motivation
Reward Reward
Reward Reward
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
8 User Types of Gamification
EXTRINSIC
USERS
Networkers
INTERACTING
SYSTEM
ACTING
Socialisers
Philanthropists
INTRINSIC
Self Seekers Consumers
Free Spirits
Exploiters
Achievers
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
Achievers
Philanthropists
Consumers
Self Seekers
Quests
Giving
Exclusive Content
Leaderboards
Levels
Virtual Goods
Exclusive ContentBadgesVirtual Goods Points
Visible Status
Supporting User Types
Social Status
Free Spirits
SocialisersSocial Status Social Connections
CustomisationUnlockable Content
NetworkersBadges Social Status Social ConnectionsVirtual Goods Points
ExploitersPointsBadgesVirtual GoodsVisible Status
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
For more, please visit http://www.marczewski.me.uk/user-types/
Philanthropists: Seek a sense purpose from a system (e.g. answering questions on Quora, contributing to Wikipedia).
Achievers: Seek enrichment and mastery from the system (e.g. learning systems, being best at tasks).
Socialisers: Seek interactions and relatedness with other people (e.g. engaged social media users).
Free Spirits: Seek autonomy and creativity in a system (e.g. customisation of environment, avatar, journey).
Self Seekers: Seek rewards from interacting with others (e.g. answering peoples questions just for points. Quantity over Quality).
Consumers: Seek to get rewards from the system with little interaction (e.g. loyalty schemes).
Networkers: Seek to connect to others to increase their profile and the rewards that may bring (e.g. Klout obsessive’s).
Exploiters: Seek to gain reward from using the system, possibly by any means (e.g. liking Facebook pages for prizes, finding the loopholes that help them win).
Acting On for Intrinsic Reasons Acting On for Extrinsic Rewards Personal Gain and need for Structure
© Andrzej Marczewski 2013
Andrzej Marczewski
marczewski.me.uk
@daverage
Gamification is one tool to increase engagement, enjoyment and
broken system is a like putting a long hairy
tail on a rabbit and calling it a monkey. It’s not going to work and it isn’t going to fool anyone.
motivation. However, throwing game elements at a fundamentally