From Republic to Empire

City on Seven HillsCity on Seven Hills

• Latin's

• Settled along the

Tiber River

RomansRomans• Shared peninsula with the EtruscansEtruscans

RomansRomans

• Shared peninsula with the EtruscansEtruscans

• Romans learnedRomans learned– AlphabetAlphabet

RomansRomans

• Shared peninsula with the EtruscansEtruscans

• Romans learnedRomans learned– AlphabetAlphabet– Arch constructionArch construction

RomansRomans

• Shared peninsula with the EtruscansEtruscans

• Romans learnedRomans learned– AlphabetAlphabet– Arch constructionArch construction– Gods and GoddessesGods and Goddesses

Roman - LatinsRoman - Latins

Romans conquerRomans conquer –

• 509 BC - Latins drive out the Etruscans

• Greek City States

Roman - LatinsRoman - Latins

Romans conquerRomans conquer –• 509 BC - Latins drive out the Etruscans• Greek City States

Success due to • DiplomacyDiplomacy• Roman LegionRoman Legion – 5000 man units

– Loyalty, courage, respect for authority

Res Publica - RepublicRes Publica - Republic

Senate – Senate – most powerful legislators• 300 members all PatriciansPatricians• Landowning upper class (Aristocrats)

Senate• 300 members all Patricians• Landowning upper class

ConsulsConsuls – • elected by Senate• Supervise business, government, and armies

Res Publica - RepublicRes Publica - Republic

TribunesTribunes

• Represent the Plebeians Plebeians

• Farmers,merchants, and traders

• Right to VETOVETO

Res Publica - RepublicRes Publica - Republic

DictatorDictator

Elected in time of war

Res Publica - RepublicRes Publica - Republic

Punic WarsPunic Wars Rome vs CarthageRome vs Carthage

Early Phoenician ColonyEarly Phoenician Colony

Punic WarsPunic Wars Rome vs CarthageRome vs CarthageEarly Phoenician ColonyEarly Phoenician Colony

• Rome fought for Empire (ImperialismImperialism)

Punic Wars Rome vs CarthageEarly Phoenician Colony

• Rome fought for Empire (Imperialism)

• Carthage fought for self-preservation

(They had empire of their own)

CarthageNorth AfricaPunic WarPunic War

General HannibalGeneral Hannibal • Attacks Rome from North• Elephants

General HannibalGeneral Hannibal • Attacks Rome from North• Elephants• Returns to protect Carthage• Defeated on open plains

CarthageNorth AfricaPunic WarPunic War

Romans Destroyed Carthage.

poured salt on all of farm land to never let Carthage return.

Roman law let you live…

But, if you went against them…

Mare Nostrum “Our Sea”

Roman Republic DeclinesRoman Republic Declines

• Led army nine years in Gaul

Julius CaesarJulius CaesarMilitary GeneralMilitary General

• Led army nine years in Gaul• Pompey convinced Senate to call him home

Julius CaesarJulius CaesarMilitary GeneralMilitary General

• Led army nine years in Gaul• Pompey convinced Senate to call him home• He came home – Took over the Senate

Julius CaesarJulius CaesarMilitary GeneralMilitary General

• Reorganized a corrupt Senate• Allowed more people Citizenship

Julius CaesarJulius CaesarMilitary GeneralMilitary General

• Reorganized a corrupt Senate• Allowed more people Citizenship

Julius CaesarJulius CaesarMilitary GeneralMilitary General

Veni, Vedi, ViciVeni, Vedi, ViciI came, I saw, I conqueredI came, I saw, I conquered

Re-established Mediterranean

…and Married Egyptian Queen, Cleopatra.

• Assassinated on Senate Floor

• Fear of him naming himself

Emperor – or Caesar

Julius CaesarJulius CaesarMilitary GeneralMilitary General

Octavian and Mark AntonyOctavian and Mark Antony

OctavianOctavian – Caesar’s grandnephew

Mark Antony Mark Antony – general

joined together to hunt down the murderers

Cleopatra VII

•After Caesar assassinated

•Marries Mark Antony - Illegal in Rome

Octavian and Mark AntonyOctavian and Mark AntonyGo to War over control of Roman Empire

used Cleopatra’s and Antony’s relationship as a political tool

Battle of ActiumOctavian defeats AntonyOctavian defeats Antony

•takes supreme rule of Rome•names himself Emperor, turning Rome into an Empire•one of the most influential empires the world has known

Octavian soon becomes Augustus or

“Exalted One”

Pax RomanaPax RomanaRoman Peace

200 year Period

Augustus to Marcus Aurelius

Entertainment– Chariot Races

– Gladiator Contests• Many gladiators were slaves trained to fight

– Emperor Nero ….Let the Christians fight the lions