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From Rhizome to
Brewery
Humlegarden Seminar 14th September 2018
Charles Faram & Co Ltd
Charles Faram & Co Ltd
History
▪ 1865▪ Charles Faram established
▪ 1989 ▪ 3 hop varieties in stock from the UK and no other products
▪ Fuggles, Goldings, Challenger
▪ 2012▪ Charles Faram Inc formed, office based in Portland, Oregon
▪ 2014 ▪ Charles Faram Brewing Supplies created in Toronto, Canada
▪ 2016 ▪ Cold store and distribution warehouse opened in Yakima,
Washington State
Charles Faram & Co History
▪ 2018
▪ Over 140 varieties in stock from all around the world
▪ Fermentis yeast
▪ Murphy & Son brewing aids (finings, water treatments etc.)
▪ Malt (Crisp, Weyermann,)
▪ Shives and Keystones
▪ Crown caps
▪ We also have our own breeding programme to develop new hop varieties
▪ Archer
▪ Minstrel
▪ Jester
▪ Olicana
▪ Godiva
▪ CF160
CHARLES FARAM IS GROWER OWNED
The Group
Hops Grow Best Between
35 – 55 degrees latitude
Daylight hours during the hops main growing phase are critical
Over 18 hours of daylight is required for good yields
Below the 35th parallel hops can be grown but artificial light is needed
to extend the growing day.
World Hop Production
All figures expressed
as number of Hectares
grown
Hop Production
▪ Each variety is kept
“true to type” by
cloning. (Cuttings
from the original)
▪ Each seed would
produce a new
variety
Hop ProductionPreparation January - February
▪ Weed Control
Preparation March - April
▪ Stringing
Hop Production
Spraying June - August
▪ Weeds
▪ Aphid & caterpillars
▪ Red Spider Mite
▪ Downy & Powdery
Mildew
▪ Unable to control
Verticilllium Wilt!
Hop Production
▪ Harvesting
▪ September
Hop Production
▪ Hops arrive at the Picking Machine
Hop Production▪ Picking Machine
▪ Stripping the vine
Hop Production
▪ Cleaning the hops
Hop Production
▪ Loading the kilns for
drying
Hop Production
▪ Drying & Baling
Hop Production
▪ Packing Pockets & Bales
Hop Production
▪ Sampling
Storage & Processing
▪ Cold Storage 3 – 7
degrees centigrade
Storage & Processing
▪ Vacuum packed Freshpak
Hop Processing
▪ Type 90 Pellets
Recent Types of Packaging
New Coldstore at Malvern Site
0° to -2°C
Assessment and Selection
▪ CF Ltd handles and sells approximately 70% of
the UK hop crop from the 3 UK grower groups
• Hawbrand hops
• Wealdon Hops
• English Hops Ltd
▪ Annual visits to supplier countries to vist
growers, make selections, assess the harvest
• Czech Republic –inc Chmelarsky Institute
• Slovenia – inc Hop Research Institute
• Germany
• Poland
• USA
Assessment and Selection
Yakima Site
Hop Production
Which Varieties to plant?
A grower’s consideration
▪ Saleability – Is the variety in demand
▪ Price that can be achieved
▪ Yield per hectare
▪ Ripening times
▪ Resistance to pest and disease
Charles Faram
Hop Development
Program▪ Main nursery site is in Herefordshire
▪ Trial plots with local farmers▪ Breaks all the rules, promising varieties are sent forward
before full disease screening is completed
▪ New varieties primarily selected on aroma
▪ 5000 seeds (separate varieties) a year
▪ 50 new varieties in advanced development ▪ 1-2 commercial varieties released a year
▪ Seedlings now planted in
▪ Kent
▪ USA
▪ Czech Republic▪ Slovenia
▪ Poland
How does our
breeding programme
work?
Year 0: Create variety Crosses
Year 1: Raising seeds and initial disease screening
Year 2: Aroma and disease assessment and selection, initial
brew trial. Venture propagating for all promising selections.
Year 3: Propagation of plots and further disease screening
Year 4: Larger scale brewing trials, further propagation for
favoured plots
Year 5: Planting on farms
▪ 5000 seedlings
growing in pots in
2017
40% will be male.
The program is only as strong as
the plants that fail!
Disease screening
Looking for natural resistance to Powdery
mildew and tolerance to downy mildew -
reducing our dependence on fungicides.
What else are we looking?Small leaves (more hops)
Bunchy, Firm Cones
Stiff laterals
Good resin, complex aromas
What about the aroma?
Green aroma is used
to identify promising
plants at an early
stage, but not
exclusively.
Dried aroma is
assessed in
November and
January.
We analyse upto 200
dried samples per
year. Green aroma
identifies 2/3rd of the
desirable plants.
Hop Compounds –
Acids
▪ Alpha acids
▪ Humulone
▪ Co – humulone
▪ Ad – humulone
▪ Beta acids
▪ Imparts
bitterness,
flavour and
mouthfeel
Hop Compounds –
Oils and Resins
▪ Farnesene
▪ Myrcene
▪ Humulene
▪ Selinene
▪ Caryophyllene
▪ Linalool
▪ Geraniool
▪ Imparts flavour
and aroma
▪ Every hop has
different levels
of oils and
resins
▪ Very dependant
on growing
conditions,
especially in the
last month
The Future?
▪ More intensely flavoured hops from all
countries
▪ Alpha acreage has been decreasing,
perhaps now critical, although there is
indication of increase in the USA
▪ New varieties being propagated all the
time
▪ “Old” varieties being re-visited
▪ Varieties being selected on aroma
Early Crop Reports from
the 2018 Harvest
The UK▪ There’s a change of varieties to follow the market.
Goldings and Fuggle still important.
▪ More varieties going in (mainly the newer varieties like
Jester, Ernest, Olicana
▪ Late start due to snow in March. Then it was really
wet, thankfully
▪ 4-5% increase in acreage.
▪ Then we had the hot sunny weather. Traditional British
heritage varieties have struggled
▪ It’s hard to tell until after the harvest what the yield will
be but early varieties have suffered most
▪ Goldings are down by about 30%
▪ Phoenix is 20% up on average.
▪ New varieties are looking amazing. 60 will be ready for
Charles Faram aroma testing at the start of next year
USA
▪ Weather has been normal this year. It was a bit wet. It’s
been extremely warm and then cooled down a couple of
weeks ago
▪ Centennial will be below average. Maybe Simcoe and
Idaho 7 as well
▪ Acreage gone up by 2000 acres. Mainly Citra and
proprietary hops
▪ Simcoe acreage reduced
▪ Alpha is becoming more popular. It has been 80%
aroma 20% alpha in the past although more recently
aroma has been higher than alpha
▪ Future will see more alpha going in
▪ Release of new varieties has slowed down. Some great
new varieties in the pipe line
Czech Republic
• Crop yield is low. There’s more than 50% less on
some farms
• All 3 Hop regions are below average. Weather
has been very dry for growers in Europe
• Hop quality is better than expected. Essential oils
this year are pretty good
• Acreage of Saaz and new varieties expected to
increase in acreage next year
• Trial plots with Charles Faram are putting forward
a new variety next year
Slovenia
• 1800 hectares slight increase of around
100 hectares mostly Aurora. Good
substitute for Perle
• Crop very nice as had favourable
weather (a wet “English” summer)
• May was too hot for early varieties, but
quality still good
• Exciting times ahead with Hop
development. More high aroma
Germany
• Acreage increased by about 700ha
• Mainly Herkules (Magnum and Taurus
reduced as they cannot produce enough
alpha per ha to compete)
• Hot dry summer - many varieties hit hard
(particularly the early ones).
• Overall yields could be 20% short of
normal
• Herkules still to be harvested but
expected to be lower alpha and yields.