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Body Temperature
andRespiration
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BODY
TEMPERATURE
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Body Temperature
It is an indication of theintensity or degree of
heat within the body.It represents a balance
between the heat that isproduced in the bodyand the heat that is lost.
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Factors affecting Body Temperature
Time of Day Lower early in the morning & Higher in theafternoon.
Age slightly decreases with age & slightly increasesin the very young.
Environmentaltemperature
slightly higher in a high environment andslightly lower in a cold environment.
Infectionwhen a major infectious process occurs.
Physical Activity Increases during a physical activity but lowerswhen the body is conditioned.
Emotional status Increases during stressful or emotional periods.
Site ofMeasurement
Temperatures differ once measured in differentbody parts. (Rectum, armpits, mouth)
Menstrual cycle Higher during ovulation and pregnancy.
Oral cavity
temperature
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Assessment of BodyTemperature
Oral cavity Most common and convenient
Rectum/Rectal cavity
Most accurate; can be used ininfants or young children.
Ear canal can be used in infants or youngchildren
Axilla least desirable due to air currents
Inguinal fold least desirable due to air currents
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Equipments used in takingBody Temperature
Clinical glass thermometer
Oral electronic thermometer with a probe
Chemical thermometer
Ear canal electronic thermometer
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Procedures in measuring BodyTemperature
Orally
Wash your hands and obtain a thermometer, recording form,pen, alcohol, and a wipe.
Position the patient and explain the procedure. Observe andevaluate the patient if there are signs & symptoms related to
body temp.
Check the level of the mercury in the thermometer if its below96F (37C). If it is higher hold the end and shake thethermometer.
Position the thermometer bulb under her tongue, and instructthe patient to hold it with her lips not her teeth, and to breaththrough the nose.
Leave the thermometer for 3-5 mins.
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Remove it using your thumb and your index fingerand lightly clean the thermometer by wiping thetop of the bulb end. (dont hold the bulb end)
Read the thermometer by holding it horizontallyat eye level so that the mercury column is visible.A special line usually marks 98.6F.
Clean and place the thermometer in its containerand was your hands.
Record the results.
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Orally with an Electronic thermometerWash your hands, probe cover, recording form, and a pen.
Position the patient and explain the procedure. Observe andevaluate the patient if there are signs & symptoms related tobody temp.
Turn the unit on and apply the disposable probe cover to theprobe.
Position the probe under her tongue, and instruct the patient tohold it with her lips not her teeth, and to breath through the
nose.
Leave the probe in place until it alarms, indicating that it hasalready ready a normal temperature.
Record the results.
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With an Ear thermometer
Wash your hands and obtain the ear thermometer, lens filter,recording form, and a pen.
Position the patient to expose one ear; an infant or a toddlermay be held on your lap; other persons may lie or sit.
Apply a clean lens filter and select either the oral or rectalsetting.
Gently but firmly pull and hold the ear to straighten the ear
canal.
Insert the thermometer lens cone, with a clean filter appliedinto the ear opening.
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Maintain the lens cone in the ear canal anddepress and hold the activation button for 1
second.
Remove the lens cone from the persons ear.Discard or thoroughly wash the lens filter if it is to
be used again.
Note: In the home, it may be appropriate to washand reuse the lens filter, but in otherenvironments it should be thrown.
Record the results using the value from the LCDreading.
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RESPIRATION(PulmonaryVentilation)
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Respiration
Provide Inflow (inspiration/inhalation)and Outflow (expiration/exhalation) ofair.
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Normal rangefor respiration:
12 18respiration
per minutesfor adults
30 50respirations
per minute forinfants
Age
Very young (infant to age
5) and elderly (65 andolder) have higherrespiration rates.
Physical
Activity
Rate and depth ofrespiration increases
during exercise.
Emotional Status
High stress, anxiety oremotion increases rate and
depth of respiration.
AirQuality
Impurities in atmosphere
either increases ordecreases respiration
depending on the effects.
AltitudeHigher altitudes =
increased respiration.
Affects various
Factors Affecting Respiration
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Assessment of Respiration
Rate number of breaths per minute.
Rhythm regularity of pattern .
Depth amount of air exchanged witheach respiration.
Character difference from normal, resting,quiet respiration..
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Normal breathing = Minimalinspiration, effortless expiration
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Measuring Respiration Rate
Wash your hands and obtain a timepiece thatmeasures seconds. Observe the patient for signs &symptoms of abnormal respiration. The Patient maybe sitting, lying, or standing as long as her abdomenor thorax can be observed.
Note: Do not explain the procedure to the patient.
Simulate measurement of the radial pulse with the
patients forearm resting on his/her abdomen.
Note: Observe the outward and inward movement ofthe patients thorax.
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Count either the inspirations or expirations for 1minute.The measurement period can be reduced to 30seconds once the rate, rhythm, and the character ofthe persons respirations have been determined.
Note: It must be multiplied by 2 to determine therate for a full time.
Reposition the patients clothing or bed linen if itwas removed or adjusted to expose the patientsabdomen thorax.
Note and record the rate, depth, and character ofthe persons respirations.
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Abnormal Responses Exhibited by Respiration Rate
The respiration rate slowly increases during exerciseor activity
The respiration rate does not increase duringexercise or activity
The respiration rate increases as the intensity of theexercise plateaus.
The rate declines as the intensity of the exercisedeclines and terminates.The rate does not decline as the intensity of theexercise declines.
The respiration rate declines during exercise before
the intensity of the exercise declines.