social psychology chapter 20 & 21 review. group behavior when the desire to be part of a group...
TRANSCRIPT
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Social Psychology
Chapter 20 & 21 Review
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Group Behavior
• When the desire to be part of a group prevents a person from seeing other alternatives.
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Groupthink
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Group Behavior
• When a person performs better in front of a group.
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Social facilitation
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Group Behavior
• Not doing your best in a group because you think others will do more
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Social Loafing
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Group Behavior
• When group attitudes become stronger after they discuss and act upon the shared attitudes.
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Polarization
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Group Behavior
• When a person is willing to do things with a group they would not do alone.
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Risky Shift
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Group Behavior
• Feeling you are less responsible when with a group
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Diffusion of responsibility
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Group Behavior
• Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint, and loss of sense of responsibility when in a group.
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Deindividuation
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Helping & Moral Behavior
• Sacrificing your own welfare to help another person.
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Alturism
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Helping & Moral Behavior
• Obviously neglecting someone needing help because of diffusion of responsibility.
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Bystander Effect
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Helping & Moral Behavior
• Any behavior that helps another person.
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Prosocial Behavior
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Helping & Moral Behavior
• This real life case study led to the theory of bystander effect.
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Kitty Genovese Murder
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Helping & Moral Behavior
• These experimenters tested helping behavior by faking an epileptic seizure.
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Darley & Latane
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Conformity & Obedience
• Found people would knowingly give the wrong answer to conform to the group.
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Asch’s Line Experiment
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Conformity & Obedience
• Unspoken or unwritten rules – you don’t pass gas in math class but you might when with friends.
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Implicit Norms
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Conformity & Obedience
• Guidelines for what people should or should not do in a situation
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Social Norms
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Conformity & Obedience
• Spoken or written rules – dress codes or traffic laws.
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Explicit Norms
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Conformity & Obedience
• Our the desire to be correct makes us more likely to conform
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Informational social influence
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Conformity & Obedience
– Our desire to gain social acceptance and approval that causes us to conform
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Normative social influence
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Conformity & Obedience
• Found most people would obey an authority figure to do something hurtful to another if authority figure accepted responsibility.
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Milgram’s Shock Experiment
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Aggression
• Found good people will become aggressive in the right environment or when they buy into their roles
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Zimbardo’s Prison Study
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Social Perception
• People get what they deserve and they deserve what they get.
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Just-World Bias
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Social Perception
• Recent interactions with a person cause you to change your opinion about them.
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Recency Effect
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Social Perception
• “When I get good grades it is because I am smart. When I don’t it is because the teacher is bad.”
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Self-Serving bias
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Social Perception
• The mental processes used in making judgments about people.
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Person perception
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Social Perception
• First impressions are lasting impressions; dress up for a job interview.
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Primacy Effect
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Social Perception
• When you think a person is rude because the only time you saw the person was when they were impolite to another; forming a judgment on one behavioral observation.
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Actor-Observer Bias
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Social Perception
• Tendency to give too much weight to personality factors and not enough weight to situational factors when observing someone’s behavior.
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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Social Perception
• “When something bad happens it is always my fault. When something good happens it is luck.”
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Self-Effacing Bias
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Social Perception
• “She deserved to be mugged for being in that neighborhood after dark.” Their misfortune is their own fault.
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Blaming the Victim
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Social Perception
• Ignores a person’s unique qualities and makes a conclusion about a person based on limited information. Like to group people
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Social Categorization
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Social Perception
• We often explain our own behavior differently than we explain the behavior of other people; can lead to errors.
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Attribution Theory
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Social Perception
• Waitresses received higher tips when making change with their customers this way.
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Physical Contact
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• Positive or negative evaluation of a person, object or idea.
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Attitudes
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• Prejudice was overcome when groups cooperate to achieve a common goal.
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Robbers Cave
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• Blaming a complex problem on an undeserving group.
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Scapegoat Theory
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• After being discriminated against, a person may put down another group that is worse off in order to gain power.
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Victimization
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• Unfair treatment of a person because they are part of a particular group.
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Discrimination
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• Children will imitate their parents’ attitudes and parents will reinforce these attitudes in their children.
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Social Learning
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• Unjustifiable attitude towards a group or a member; usually negative.
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Prejudice
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• Belief that people with less money are lazy and do not work as hard.
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Justifying Economic Status
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• Oversimplified belief about a group that is certainly not true about all people in that group. Tall people are good basketball players.
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Stereotype
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• Tendency to favor one’s own group even at the expense of others.
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Ingroup Bias
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• Tendency to see people who are not part of our group as being very similar, when we see people of our own group as varied.
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Out-Group Homogeneity Effect
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Attitudes & Prejudice
• This experiment with school children showed how quickly ingroups and outgroups can be formed and how prejudice can influence one’s performance.
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Jane Elliot’s Blue/Brown Eye
Experiment