fruits. fruits botanically a fruit is an organ that develops from a flowering plant and contains one...
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FRUITSFRUITS
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FruitsFruits
BotanicallyA fruit is an organ that develops from a
flowering plant and contains one or more seeds
Culinary A fruit is a perfect snack food, basis of a
dessert, colorful sauce, or soup
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FruitsFruits
Hybrids and VarietiesHybrids
Result from crossbreeding fruits from different species
VarietiesResult from breeding fruit of the same
species that have different qualities or characteristics
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BerriesBerries
BlackberriesBlueberriesCranberriesCurrantsRaspberriesStrawberries
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Blackberry Raspberry
Cranberry Blueberry
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CitrusCitrus
GrapefruitsKumquatsLemonsLimes OrangesTangerines
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CitrusCitrus
Valencia Oranges Naval Oranges
Blood Oranges Tangerines
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ExoticsExotics
Figs Guava Lychees Cape gooseberries Mangosteens Persimmons
Pomegranates Prickly pears Rambutans Rhubarb Star fruits
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Pomegranate Prickly Pear
Rambutan Star Fruit
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Figs Guava
Lychee Mangosteen
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Grapes and MelonsGrapes and Melons
Table grapesMelons
CantaloupeCasabaCrenshawHoneydewWatermelon
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ApplesApples
Fiji Gala Golden Delicious Granny Smith Jonathan McIntosh
Pippin (Newton) Red Delicious Rome Winesap
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PearsPears
AnjouBartlettBoscComiceSeckelAsian
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Stone FruitsStone Fruits
ApricotsCherriesPeachesNectarinesPlums
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TropicalTropical
BananasDatesKiwisMangosPapayasPassion fruitsPineapples
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Kiwi Red Papaya
Mango Passion Fruit
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NutritionNutrition
Fruits are 75 – 95% water Low in fat, sodium and protein Excellent source of fiber (especially
the skins!) Vitamins/Minerals Fruits Provide:
Vitamin C (Citrus, melons, strawberries) Vitamin A (Deep yellow and green fruits) Potassium (Bananas, raisins, figs)
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We should get 2 c. daily from the Fruits Food Group.
Air, Heat and Water Can Destroy Nutrients in both Fruits and Vegetables.
Always wash fruits and vegetables to remove pesticides that might remain on the skin.
Nutrition, Nutrition, ContinuedContinued
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Guidelines for Selecting FruitsGuidelines for Selecting Fruits
Firm Free From Decay Crisp Smooth Dense Free From Bruises Good Color Good Smell In Season (Will Be Cheaper)
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Purchasing and Storing FruitsPurchasing and Storing Fruits
Purchasing Most fruits are sold by weight or by count Fruits are packed in crates, bushels, cases,
lugs, or flats Storing Fruits In:
Cold (Refrigerator) Dry Give Them Space
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RipeningRipening
Ripening happens when starches found in the fruit break down into sugar (Bananas in the fridge)
This leads to deterioration or spoilage:Color LightensTexture SoftensDecreases in AcidityIncreases in Sweetness
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BrowningBrowning
Browning occurs when the cut surfaces of food reacts with oxygen.
This is called OXIDATION.
To prevent this, cover cut fruits with a liquid containing Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C).
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VEGETABLESVEGETABLES
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Vegetables• The term vegetable refers to any
herbaceous plant that can be partially or wholly eaten
• The plant has no woody tissue• Vegetables contain more starch and
less sugar than fruits
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Botanical Classification• Leaves • Stems and shoots • Roots • Tubers • Bulbs • Seeds • Fruits• Flowers
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Identifying Vegetables• Nine Categories or Relationships
– Cabbages– Fruit-vegetables – Gourds and squashes– Greens– Mushrooms and truffles– Onions– Pods and seeds – Roots and tubers – Stalks
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Cabbages• This Family refers to a large
number of vegetables used for their heads or flowers – Bok Choy Broccoli– Brussels sprouts Cauliflower– Head cabbages Red
cabbage– Kale Kohlrabi– Napa cabbage Savoy
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• Bok Choy • Brussels sprouts
• Kale • Napa cabbage
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• Kohlrabi • Savoy
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Fruit-Vegetables
• Avocados• Eggplants
– Asian and Western
• Peppers– Sweet peppers– Hot peppers
• Tomatillos• Tomatoes
– Sun-dried tomatoes
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• Tomatillos • Eggplant
• Japanese eggplant
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Gourds and Squashes
• Chayote• Cucumbers• Squashes
– Winter squashes– Summer squashes
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• Chayote • Winter squash
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Greens• Lettuce• Mustard• Collards• Sorrel• Spinach• Swiss chard• Turnip greens
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• Mustard • Collards
• Sorrel • Swiss chard
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Mushrooms and Truffles
• Mushrooms
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• Black Truffles • Morel Mushrooms
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Onions
• Bulb onions• Garlic• Leeks• Scallions• Shallots
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• Leeks • Scallions
• Shallots • Garlic
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Pods and Seeds
• Corn• Legumes• Dried beans• Fresh beans• Shelling peas• Edible pea pods• Okra
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• Okra • Snow Peas
• Sugar Snap Peas • Shelled peas
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Roots and Tubers
• Beets• Carrots• Celery roots• Jicama• Parsnips• Radishes• Rutabagas• Turnips• Potatoes
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• Celery roots • Jicama
• Parsnips • Rutabagas
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Stalks• Artichokes• Asparagus• Celery• Fennel• Hearts of palm• Bamboo shoots• Nopales
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• Fennel • Artichoke
• Nopales • Hearts of palm
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Baby Vegetables• Baby globe carrots• Baby zucchini with blossoms• Baby yellow squash with blossoms• Chiogghi beets
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Nutrition• Vegetables provide the following
Vitamins and Minerals:– Vitamin A– Vitamin C– Vitamin D– Potassium– Folic Acid– Calcium– Magnesium
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Nutrition, continued…• Vegetables contain NO cholesterol• They are low in calories, fat and
sodium (They are “Nutrient Dense”)• We should eat 2 ½ c. daily from the
Vegetable Food Group.
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Best Cooking Methods for Preserving Nutrients
• The two BEST methods are:– Microwaving– Steaming
• You can also:– Bake– Stir-Fry– Simmer– Sauté
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Five Ways to Preserve Nutrients When Cooking
Fruits and Vegetables• Cook in larger pieces• Use small amounts of water• Cook only until “fork” tender• Cook quickly• Save the water used to cook in
for soups and gravies (most nutrients dissolve into the water)