WG 4 –By‐product and resou

rcemanagement

BIOM - Austria

FINS - Serbia

IUNG – Poland (Dariusz Jedrejek, djedrejek@iung.pulawy.pl)

IBNA – Romania

NRC - Egypt

Food safety

in Europe

www.indjoin.com

Factors affecting food safety:• safety and high quality of substrates and

intermediates for food production – free from

contamination hazards

• hygiene and sanitary conditions of food

processing plants

• appropriate storage

• other – not less important

Factors associated with safety of

substrates for food production:• high quality and safety of agricultural

products� good agricultural practices in crop production

• safety of livestock production and animal

welfare� animal nutrition – high quality and safe feedstuffs

• other – not less important

• No healthy food without safe and good

quality feed

• WG4 (By-product and resource

management) scope

Feed from waste and by-

products

Food, agro-industrial by-products/waste as

a feed material – is it possibile?

EU feed legislation and Codex of Practice:

• Feed Hygiene Regulation No 183/2005

• Feed additives Regulation 1831/2003

• GM feed and food Regulation 1829/2003

• Undiserable substances Regulation 574/2011

• ‘Code of Practice for Good Animal Feeding’

Basic principle is ‘protection of human health, animal

health, animal welfare and the environment, and to

ensure full traceability of feed’

EU feed legislation and Codex of Practice - Additionally:• apply to the feeding of food producing animals

and to imports of feed materials from third

countries

• the correct feed to the correct animals – BSE

lesson

• contamination should be minimised during

feeding

• all the details regarding to feed business

(production, processing, distribution and

contamination hazards)

EU ‘biodegradable’ waste legislation:

• Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC)

• Animal by-products Regulation 1069/2009

• Landfill of Waste Directive (99/31/EC)

Basic principle is ‘to prevent and minimize waste and

maximize reuse, recycling and use of environmental

friendly alternative materials…’

EU ‘biodegradable’ waste legislation - Additionally:• specific rules for biodegradable waste utilization

– category 02

• progressive landfilling reduction of bio-waste

• prevention of former foodstuffs and catering

waste being fed to livestock

www.safetykleeneurope.com

Schroeder J. W., 2012. By-Products and Regionally

Available Alternative Feedstuffs for Dairy Cattle.

www.ag.ndsu.edu

EU founded projects related to evaluation

the potential use of by-products for feed

purposes:

• REPLACE 2004-2009 (FP 6)

• FEEDING FATS SAFETY 2005-2008 (FP 6)

• SAFEWASTES 2005-2008 (FP 6)

• FEEDSEG 2007-2009 (FP 6)

EU Project

objectives:•use organic wastes and byproducts from the food and pharmaceutical

industry

•produce upgraded, high added value products for preventive or

therapeutic use in animals (or humans)

•improve animal welfare and boost European competitiveness

•reduce the load on landfills performance:•18 plant materials tested

•chemical analysis – component identification and determination

•in vitro assays (antioxidant, antiinflammatory, immunomodulation,

anti/promicrobial)

•in vivo trials (monogastrics and ruminants) for establish performance, gut

health, and antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiinflammatory activietes

EU ProjectOrganic waste materials:Plant Scientific name

MI MANGO Mangifera indica

DC CARROT Daucus carota

CS Artichoke Cynara scolymus

LD LARCH Larix decidua

CP Pumpkin Cucurbita pepo

TV Thyme Thymus vulgaris

SI Sinupret herbal mix

SA Willow Salix spp.

EP Echinacea Echinacea purpurea

VV Grape Vitis vinifera

HA Sunflower Helianthus annuus

LU Linseed Linum usitatissimum

AH Horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum

OE Olive Olea europaea

VM Blueberry Vaccinum myrtillus

LE Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum

SR Saw palmetto Serenoa repens

CF Hawthorn Crataegus sp.

17 plant materials + 1 herbal

mixture

53 Extracts

(water/ethanol/heptane)

Biotechnological processing

(enzymes) of selected materials

Purified fractions and compounds

Bioassay guided fractionation

EU ProjectResults:• the most effective in in vivo trials were 3 plant materials

Larch (Larix decidua)

Wood sawdust (Jannach/Styria)

Ingredients: arabinogalactans (hemicellulose), flavonols, lignans, terpenes

Effects on health: antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, NK cell activity, antibacterial, prebiotic, anticancer activity

Mango (Mangifera

indica)

Cultivar „Kaew“, crushed and dried peels.

Ingredients: resorcinols, phenolic acids and their glycosids, mangiferin, pectins

Effects on health: antimicrobial, antiinflammatory

Carrot (Daucus

carota)

Cultivar „Carotan“, roots blanched, crushed and pressed

Pomace from juice production, Ernteland Fruchtsaft GmbH

Ingredients: pectins (oligogalacturonids), carotinoids

Effects on health: antimicrobial, antidiarrhoeic

Positive aspects of by-products transformation

into livestock feed:• economic� lower livestock production costs – increase competitiveness

• environmental� reduces the need for more landfill space

� protects water and soil

• influencing animal welfare� more diverse diet

� improvement of animal health

• affecting consuments� good quality food products + fair costs

By-products for livestock feeding �obstacles and challenges• legislation (clear and legible)� priority for recycling of food by-products into feed over recycling for other

uses � maintain, modify or remove the ban on the use of catering waste for feed?

• ensuring by-product safety� risk assessment (physical condition, microbial quality, chemical quality etc.) –

tools, methods and practical guidelines

� responsibilities in the chain (who checks food by-products for feed safety?, control

ensured by feed authorities)

� ignorance, incompetence or irresponsibility of feed bussiness operators, food

animal producers, etc. to safety issues

By-products for livestock feeding �obstacles and challenges (cont’d)• great knowlege amount not transferred into practice� many agro-industrial residues not known by small & medium food producers

� improper use of some by-products (limited information on the feeding value or

guidelines for their use)

� in some cases tables for feeding values are not properly updated

• great variation of nutritional value � standarization problem

� variation in raw materials, processing techniques, mastering of processing

conditions, etc.

� constant evolution of processing technologies

� constant examination in terms of nutritional value & possibility to adopt in

livestock diets

• availability, storage and handling� many by-products are local and seasonal – not always available on a regular

basis

� many by-products contain a lot of moisture – quality deteriorates easily, spoilage

� high production cost, additional time and investments from food producers

Conclusions and recommendations:• animal feed in EU is safer than it has ever been

• limited data concerning the amounts of specific ingredients

(also agro-industrial by-products) used in livestock feed

• implementation of national level reporting systems on the

amounts and types of specific by-products accessible to food

animal producers; and technical advisory for local

governments and food animal producers

• development and implementation of robust surveillance

systems monitoring etiologic agents throughout the animal-

based food-production chain

• increased communication and collaboration between feed

professionals, feed producers, food-animal producers,

veterinary and public health officials

Conclusions and recommendations

(cont’d):• supporting research and development of efficient methods

for transformation of feed from by-products and waste

• exploitation and extensive studies on alternative, additional

plant protein sources to soybean, novel sources (insects,

worms?)

• high hurdles for a novel feed material to enter the market =

security for humans and livestock; however this hinder full

utilization of the potential variety of feed materials –

BALANCE?

WG4 – current situation:• still working on draft

• delivery date of the draft - September-

November 2013

• delivery date of the review - 2014

Ideas of new topics for HORIZON 2020• Development of rapid, robust and accurate analytical methods for the

characterization and quantification of main contaminantion hazards

(chemical & microbial) in agro-industrial by-products – NIR

spectroscopy

• Exploitation of by-products diversity for their nutritional and health-

related values in livestock nutrition

• Development of methods for by-products processing

(upgrading/degrading) and their full valorization toward transformation

into feed

• Public education programme for food animal producers, feedstuff

bussiness, veterinary towards healthy nutrition+fair cost. Project for

implementing such a programme

• Evaluation of the influence of the processing conditions on the safety of

by-products (e.g. fate of contaminants), and thus their suitability for

livestock feed purposes

• Calls for projects with imposed structure of consortia, comprising

participants from agricultural organisations, feed producers, by-products processors and scientists

Ideas of new topics for HORIZON 2020 (cont’d)• Exploitation of plant by-products as a source of functional compounds

and their application in food and feed

• Improvement the efficiency of feed chain - optimizing the quantity of

feed available for the animals, reducing losses, better usage of local

resources and creating new feed chains utylizing an alternative feed

resources and by-products arising from food chain

• Feed&Food safety - tools and practical guidelines to ensure supplied

food and feed safety from hazard contaminants

• Know-how exchange between livestock producers, feed authorities and

feed industry towards innovation – development of new technologies to

improve transfer of research results into practice, with positive impact

on farm incomes and the exploration of new business models within

systems of livestock production

Thank you for your attention

• Current status of the working group

discussions

• Main defined gaps in science of your WGs

• Suggestion for new topics to be promoted for

the workprogrammes of HORIZON 2020