fsg 9 tissue

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Tissue

Tissue:A groups of cells which is meant for a specific

task is called tissue.Tissue and Division of Labour: In complex organisms,different tasks are carried out b different organs and

organ sstems. Tissues are the first step towards divisionof labour in complex organisms.!lant Tissues:

!lant tissues are of two main tpes, vi". meristematictissue and permanent tissue.1 - Meristematic Tissue:-

!lant tissues in which cells keep on dividing are calledmeristematic tissue. #eristematic tissues are present inthose parts of plants which keep on growing. #eristematic

tissues are classified on the basis of their location. Theare of following tpes:Apical #eristem:$ Apical meristem is present on rootapex, stem apex, leaf buds and

flower buds. The areresponsible for growth in length,

i.e. primar growth.Lateral #eristem: Lateralmeristem is present along theside of the stem. The areresponsible for growth in girth,i.e. secondar growth.

Intercalar #eristem: Intercalar meristem is present atthe base of leaf or internodes. The are present on eitherside of the node.%ince cells of meristematic tissue are highl active so thehave dense ctoplasm. &acuole is absent in these cells.

2 - Permanent Tissue:'nce the cells of meristematic tissue divide to a certainextent, the become speciali"ed for a particular function.This process is called differentiation. 'nce differentiationis accomplished, the cells lose their capabilit to divideand the tissue becomes permanent tissue. !ermanent

tissues are of two tpes, simple permanent tissue andcomplex permanent tissue.

(a) Simple Permanent Tissue:%imple permanent tissue iscomposed of similar tpes of cells. %imple permanenttissues are of three tpes, vi". parenchma, collenchma

and sclerenchma.

(1) Parenchyma:The cells of parenchma have thin cellwall. The are loosel packed(with lot of intercellular spacesbetween them. !arenchma makes

the largest portion of a plant bod.!arenchma mainl works arepacking material in plant parts.The main function of parenchmais to provide support and to storefood. In some plant parts,

parenchma has chlorophll as well. In that case,parenchma carries out photosnthesis and is then termed

as chlorenchma. In a)uatic plants, large air cavities arepresent in parenchma. This provides buoanc to theplant, and then the parenchma is known as aerenchma.

(2) Collenchyma: The cell wall of collenchma isthickened at corners.Intercellular spaces are ver

few. *ollenchmas providessome degree of structuralrigidit with flexibilit.

*ollenchmas is present in leafstalk( below the epidermis.Due to this, the leaf talk caneasil bend but does not break.

(3) Sclerenchyma: The cell wall in sclerenchma is

highl thickened all around.The cells are dead andintercellular space is absent.%clerenchma provides

structural rigidit to plantparts. +ark is composed of

sclerenchma. Anotherexample of sclerenchmacan be seen in the coconuthusk.

Stomata:The epidermis of leaves has small pores called

stomata. A stoma is a composed of two guard cells whichregulate the opening and closing of stoma. %tomatafacilitates exchange of gases and transpiration.

(b) Complex Permanent Tissue:

*omplex permanent tissue is composed of different tpesof cells. *omplex permanent tissues are of two tpes, vi".xlem and phloem. lem and phloem together make thevascular bundle in plants.

Xylem:lem is composed of trachieds, vessels, xlem

parenchma and xlem fibres. The cells of xlem aredead( except the cells of xlemparenchma. Trachieds andvessels are tubular structures andthus the provide a channel forconduction of water and minerals.

lem fibre provides structural

support to the tissue. lemparenchma stores food.

Phloem:!hloem is composed ofsieve tubes, companion cells,

phloem fibre and phloem parenchma. %ieve tubes aretubular cells with perforated walls. %ieve tubes are theconducting elements of phloem. !hloem is responsible fortranslocation of food in plants. The transport of food inphloem is a two wa movement.Animal Tissues

Animal tissues are of four tpes, vi". epithelial tissue,connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue.

pithelial Tissue:

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The epithelial tissue forms the covering or lining of most

of the organs. The cells of epithelial tissue are tightlpacked and form a continuous sheet. There is smallamount of cementing materials between the cells and nointercellular space is present. !ermeabilit of the epithelialtissue plas a great role in exchange of materials among

various organs it also plas an important role inosmoregulation. All epithelial tissues are separated b theunderling tissue b an extracellular fibrous basementmembrane. -pithelial tissues are of following tpes:

Simple pithelium:Thesimple epithelium is

composed of a singlelaer of cells. This tpeof epithelial tissue formsthe lining of bloodvessels and alveoli. Thinlaer of cells facilitates exchange of substances( in such

cases.

Cuboi!al pithelium:-

The cells are cube$shaped in cuboidalepithelium. Linings of

kidne tubules andducts of salivar glandsare composed of cuboidal epithelium.*uboidal cells providemechanical support. *ells of epithelium ma pla the role

of secretion and then the are called glandular epithelium.

Columnar pithelium:- *ells are column$shaped incolumnar epithelium. *olumnar epithelium facilitatessecretion and absorption. or example( the lining ofintestine is composed of columnar epithelium. In some

organs, columnar epithelium has cilia present on the outersurface. *ilia facilitate movements of certain substances.The ciliated epithelium in the respirator tract pushes themucus forward.

Strati"ie! pithelium:-*ells of the stratified epithelium

are in man laers. %kin is an example of stratifiedepithelium. %tratification of laers prevents wear and tear.

Connecti#e Tissue:

The cells of a connective tissue are loosel scattered in amatrix. The matrix can be a fluid, /ell like, dense or rigid.

The nature of matrix depends on the function a connectivetissue serves. ollowing are the various connective tissues:$reolar Connecti#e Tissue: Areolar tissue is foundbetween skin and muscles, around blood vessels andnerves and in bone marrow. Areolar tissue fills the gapbetween tissues and provides support. It also helps in

repair of tissues.

$!ipose Tissue: Adipose tissue is composed of fat

globules. This tissue is found below the skin and beneath

the organs. Adipose tissue provides insulation and works

as a cushion.

%one: +one is mainl composed of osteoblasts. +onemakes the skeletal sstem. %keletal sstem is responsiblefor providing structural framework to the bod. It provides

protection to important organs and facilitates movements.

Cartila&e: *artilage is mainl composed of chondrioblasts. *artilage is present at the ends ofarticulator bones. *artilage is also present in external ear,bronchii, etc.

%loo!:+lood is composed of blood cells, platelets andplasma. +lood plas an important role in transportation ofvarious substances in the bod. It also helps inosmoregulation and temperature control.

Muscular Tissue:

#uscular tissue is composed of muscle cells. #uscle cells

are speciali"ed cells which have the capabilit to contractand expand. Due to contraction and expansion, musclesfacilitate various kinds of movements in the bod.#uscular tissues are of three tpes:

Striate! Muscles:The cells of striated muscles are in the

form of long, unbranched fibres. *ells are multinucleate.Light and dark bands 0striations1 are present on musclefibres( which gives the name striated muscles. %triatedmuscles are found in those organs where voluntarmovement is possible, e.g. hands, legs, back, neck, etc.

Smooth Muscles:The cells of smooth muscles are spindleshaped and each has one nucleus. %mooth muscle is foundin those organs where involuntar movement is possible,e.g. alimentar canal.

Car!iac Muscles:The cells of cardiac muscles are in theform of branched fibres. %triations are present and cellsare uninucleate. These are found in the heart. *ardiacmuscles are capable continuous contraction and relaxation

throughout the life.

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'er#ous Tissue:

2ervous tissue makes the nervous sstem and is composedof speciali"ed cells called neuron. A neuron can be dividedinto two distinct parts, vi". head and tail. The head issomewhat star$shaped and contains nucleus and some

other cell organelles. This is called cton. There arenumerous hair$like outgrowths coming out of the cton.These are called dendrites. The tail ends in axon terminals.Dendrites receive the nerve impulse, while axon relas thenerve signals.

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3uestion 4 5 $ Define the term 6tissue7.88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

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3uestion 4 9 $ ow man tpes of elements together makeup the xlem tissue; 2ame them.

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3uestion 4 < $ ow are simple tissues different fromcomplex tissues in plants;88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

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3uestion 4 = $ Differentiate between parenchma,collenchma and sclerenchma on the basis of their cell

wall.Answer:$

!arenchma *ollenchma %clerenchma

3uestion 4 > $ ?hat are the functions of the stomata;88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

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3uestion 4 @ $ Diagrammaticall show the differencebetween the three tpes of muscle fibres.

3uestion 4 $ ?hat is the specific function of the cardiacmuscle;

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3uestion 4 B $ Differentiate between striated, unstriatedand cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure andsiteClocation in the bod.

Answer:%triated #uscles nstriated #uscles *ardiac #uscles

3uestion 4 E $ Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron.

Answer

3uestion 4 5F $ 2ame the following.Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth.

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Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans.

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Tissue that transports food in plants.

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Tissue that stores fat in our bod.

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*onnective tissue with a fluid matrix.

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Tissue present in the brain.

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3uestion 4 55 $ Identif the tpe of tissue in the following:skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidne tubule, vascularbundle.88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

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3uestion 4 59 $ 2ame the regions in which parenchmatissue is present.

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3uestion 4 5< $ ?hat is the role of epidermis in plants;88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

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3uestion 4 5= $ ow does the cork act as a protectivetissue;88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

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3uestion 4 5> $ *omplete the table:

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CH6 - Tissues (Set-1)

MCQs

Q1: The study of tissues is called ...

a) cytology

b) embryology

c) histology

d) pathology

Answer: c) histology

Q:2 Which of the followin state!ent is "#T t$ue%

(a) Most of the plant tissues are supportive type.

(b) Tissues ensure division of labour.

(c) Sedantry existence contribute to the organ system

design in animals.

(d) rgan systems are far more complex in animals than in

plants.

Answer: Sedantry existence contribute to the organ

system design in animals.

Q&: Many 'inds of tissues o$anise to fo$! aan

(a) organ

(b) organ system

(c) body system

(d) organelle

Answer: (a) organ

Q: *a$enchy!a is a ty+e of ,,,,

(a) simple tissue

(b) complex tissue

(c) xylem

(d) phloem

Answer: (a) simple tissue

Q: Which of the followin is not a si!+le tissue%(a) xylem

(b) parenchyma

(c) collenchyma

(d) sclerenchyma

Answer: (a) xylem

Q6: The hus' of the coconut is !ade u+ of%

(a) collenchyma

(b) sclerenchyma

(c) apical meristem

(d) intercalary meristem

Answer: sclerenchyma

Q: The /asic +$inci+le /ased on which cateo$ise

+lant tissues as !e$iste!atic and +e$!anent is:

(a) capacity to do photosynthesis

(b) capacity to divide

(c) capacity to locomote(d) complexity to perform a function.

Answer: (b) capacity to divide

Q0: Which ty+e of tissue has linified cell walls%

(a) !arenchyma

(b) "ollenchyma

(c) Sclerenchyma

(d) cambium

Answer: (c) Sclerenchyma

Q: Which tissue is $es+onsi/le fo$ the lenth of the

+lant%

(a) Apical meristem

(b) lateral meristem

(c) #ntercalary meristem

(d) $pidermis

Answer: (a) Apical meristem

Q1: The i$th of the ste! o$ $oot inc$eases due to ,,,

(a) Apical meristem

(b) "ambium

(c) #ntercalary meristem(d) $pidermis

Answer: "ambium (or lateral meristem)

Q11: Which !e$iste! is +$esent at the /ase of the

lea3es o$ inte$nodes on twis%

(a) Apical meristem

(b) "ambium

(c) #ntercalary meristem

(d) $pidermis

Answer: (c) #ntercalary meristem

Q12(C4S5): Which of the followin state!ents is

inco$$ect%

(a) Some tissues in plants divide throughout the life

(b) "ell growth in animals is more uniform as compared to

plants

(c) Animals have more dead tissues as compared to plants

(d) There is no demarcation of dividing and non%dividing

regions in animals

Answer: (c) Animals have more dead tissues as comparedto plants

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Answer:

7i3in: Apical Meristem' !arenchyma' Aerenchyma'

"ollenchyma' /ylem !arenchyma' !hloem !arentchyma'

Sieve Tubes

>ead: Sclereids' Tracheids' /ylem 0ibres' !hloem fibre'!hloem fibre' 1essel

Q2&: "a!e ty+es of si!+le tissues.

Answer: Simple tissues (made up of one type of cells) are

of three types:

2. !arenchyma3. "ollenchyma

4. Sclerenchyma

Q2: Whe$e is a+ical !e$iste! found%

Answer: Apical meristem is found at the growing tips of

stems and roots.

Q2: Which tissue hel+s in inc$easin the lenth of

ste! and $oot%

#iffe$entiation in +lant



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Answer: o' "ollenchyma is absent in root system. #t is

present in stem' petioles' veins of leaf.

Q2: @sually Sh$u/s and he$/s $ow in o+en +laces

and a$e e9+osed to fo$ceful winds. 4ut they do not

/$ea'.Why%

Answer: The aerial young parts of shrubs and herbs

contain collenchyma tissues which provide flexibility and

elasticity to plants to withstand against winds.

Q&: "a!e the che!ical $eleased /y co$' cells%

Answer: Suberin which ma&es them impervious to gases

and water.

Q: How a$e co!+le9 tissues diffe$ent f$o! si!+le

tissues%

Answer: "omplex tissues are made of more than one type

of cells.

Q: "a!e two ty+es of co!+le9 tissues.

Answer: /ylem and !hloem

Q6: Why a$e Ayle! and *hloe! a$e called 3ascula$ o$

conductin tissues%

Answer: Since both xylem and phloem tissues transport

materials' they are together called vascular tissues.

Q: Which +lant tissue is conside$ed to ha3e +layed

an i!+o$tant $ole in su$3i3al of te$$est$ial +lants%

Answer: 1ascular tissue i.e. xylem and phloem.

Q0: Why 3ascula$ tissue is conside$ed a distincti3e

featu$e $es+onsi/le fo$ su$3i3al of +lants in te$$est$ial

+lants%

Answer: 0ossils of plants show that vascular tissue appear

5 million years ago. #t is believed that auatic plantsmoved to terrestrial environment and adaptations li&e

vascular tissue' protected seeds' true roots formation etc.

helped in their survival.

2. 1ascular tissues transport water and mineralsthroughout plant. because of this adaptation'water absorbed by roots' is able to reach todifferent parts of the plant. Thus water balance ismaintained properly inside plant body. Similarly'food prepared by leaves by photosynthesis istransported to all parts of the plants.

3. 1ascular tissue also provide structural support toplant. 1ascular tissues forms a sort of s&eleton

and provides support to root' stem and leaves. #t

also enable plant to grow upright i.e. becometaller.

Q: 8s 9yle! (o$ +hloe!) ho!oenous tissue o$

hete$oeneous tissue%

Answer: /ylem and phloem both are heterogeneous tissue

and are made up of different type of cellular elements.

Q6: 7ist the cellula$ ele!ents of 9yle! tissue%

Answer: 0our types:

2. /ylem tracheids3. /ylem tracheae or vessels

4. /ylem fibers and

5. /ylem parenchyma

Q61: What is the $ole of 9yle! tissue%

Answer: /ylem tissues are speciali+ed for the conduction

of water and mineral substances in the plant body.

2. Tracheids and vessels forms tubular structures totransport water and minerals vertically(unidrectional).

3. /ylem parenchyma stores food and helps in thesideways conduction of water.

4. 0ibres are mainly supportive in function.

Q62: "a!e the cellula$ ele!ents of *hloe! tissue.

Answer: 0our types:

2. Sieve tubes3. "ompanion cells

4. !hloem parenchyma and

5. !hloem fibres

Q6&: 7ist functions of +hloe! tissue%

Answer:

2. !hloem transport food in both directions.3. Sieve tubes and companion cells are involved in

trans%location of organic substances.

4. !hloem parenchyma and phloem fibres playsupporting role in the transportation process.

Q6: Which *hloe! cellula$ ele!ent has tu/ula$

st$uctu$e with +e$fo$ated walls%

Answer: Sieve tubes



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Q6: Why a$e Ayle! and *hloe! 'nown as conductin

tissues%

Answer: *ecause both of them help in conduction of water'

mineral and food.

Q66: Why a$e Ayle! and *hloe! called as 3ascula$

tissues%

Answer: *ecause they together constitute vascular bundle

in plants.

Q6: Why a$e Ayle! and *hloe! 'nown as co!+le9

+e$!anent tissues%

Answer: *ecause both of them are made of more than one

type of cells (heterogeneous).

Q60: Why do !e$iste!atic cells lac' 3acoules%

Answer: The purpose of vacuole is to store food and waste

product. Since meristems are young cells and are actively

dividing' they do not partcipate actively in food preparetion.

either they produce large waste and hence lac& vacuoles.

CH6 - Tissues (Set-2)

Q1: 4ased on functions +e$fo$!ed? list the ty+es of

ani!al tissues.

Answer: 0our "ategory types:

2. $pithelial tissue3. "onnective tissue

4. ervous tissue

5. Muscle tissue

Q2: Which tissues a$e called co3e$in o$ +$otecti3e

tissues%

Answer: $pithelial

Q&: Whe$e do we find e+ithelial tissues on ani!al

/ody%

Answer: A few examples are:

s&in

the lining of the mouth

the lining of blood vessels

lung alveoli

&idney tubules

Q: What a$e the ene$al identifyin featu$es of

e+ithelial tissues%

Answer:

2. Tightly pac&ed cells and form a continuous sheet.3. Tissue is avascular i.e. without blood vessels.

4. All epithelium is usually separated from theunderlying tissue by an extracellular fibrousbasement membrane.

Q:4ased on laye$ and sha+e of cells? how 5+ithelial

tissues can /e classified%

Answer:2. Suamous $pithelium3. "uboidal $pithelium

4. "olumnar $pithelium

5. "iliated $pithelium

7. landular $pithelium

Q6: The su$face of Si!+le s=ua!ous e+itheliu! is

,,,,,. (choose the co$$ect o+tion)

(a) !ermeable

(b) Selectively !ermeable(c) #mpermeable

(d) All of the these

Answer: (b) Selectively !ermeable

Q: What is the sha+e of si!+le s=ua!ous tissue%

Answer: 0lat cells' extremely thin forming a delicate lining.

Q0: Whe$e do you find si!+le s=ua!ous in an ani!al

/ody%

Answer:

2. oesophagus lining3. mouth lining

4. capillaries lining

5. renal capsule

7. alveoli of lung

Q: What is the !ain function of si!+le s=ua!ous

e+itheliu!%

Answer: !rotection and exchange of substances (diffusion)through their selectively permeable surface.



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Q1: What is si!+le st$atified e+itheliu!% Whe$e do

we find these tissues%

Answer: 8hen suamous cells are arranged in many

layers and top layers consist of dead cells covered with

&eratin ( a protein). These layer of tissues is calledstratified epithelium. The s&in of human body (or any

mammal)' lining buccal cavity and pharynx' lining of nasal

chamber consist of stratified epithelium.

Q11: What is !ain +u$+ose of st$atified e+itheliu!%

Answer: #t protects against frictional wear and water loss.

Also protects from invasion of germs (bacteria or fungus).

Q12: What is the sha+e of cu/oidal e+itheliu!% Whe$e

do we find these tissues%

Answer: These are somewhat suare or cuboid in shape.

"uboidal epithelium is found in &idney tubules' ducts of

salivary glands etc.

Q1&: What is the !ain function of cu/oidal e+itheliu!%

Answer: !rotection and mechanical support.

Q1: How will you identify Colu!na$ e+itheliu!%

Whe$e a$e these tissues located%

Answer: "olumnar epithelium are elongated and column

(pillar li&e) shaped. They are present in the lining ofstomach and intestine.

Q1: What is the !ain +u$+ose of colu!na$

e+itheliu!%

Answer: Secretion of en+ymes and absorption of food.

They also facilitate movement across the epithelial barrier.

Q16: What ty+e of e+itheliu! tissues a$e found in

$es+i$ato$y t$act and in intestinal linin% How a$e these

tissues diffe$ent f$o! each othe$%

Answer: #n respiratory tract and in intestinal lining'

columnar epithelium are found. #n respiratory tract' there is

special type of columnar epithelium are found which are

called ciliated columnar epithelium. These ciliated

columnar epithelium have hair li&e outgrowth on their

surface' called cilia. "ilia are capable of rhythmic

movements in certain direction and their movement pushes

the mucus forward to clear it.

Q1: Whe$e do we find landula$ colu!na$ e+ithelia%

What a$e thei$ !ain $ole%

Answer: #nner linings of stomach and salivary glands

contain special columnar epithelium tissues called

glandular tissues. landular tissues contain speciali+ed

gland cells (called goblet cells) which are capable of

synthesi+ing and secreting substances li&e saliva' sweat'

en+ymes' mil& etc.

Q10: What is Hae!atoloy%

Answer: Study of blood.

Q1: What is the co!!on cha$acte$istic in diffe$ent

connecti3e tissues%

Answer: The cells of connective tissue are loosely spaced

and embedded in an intercellular matrix. The matrix may

be 9elly li&e' fluid' dense or rigid. The nature of matrix

differs in concordance with

the function of the particular connective tissue.

Q2: "a!e diffe$ent ty+es of connecti3e tissues%

Answer: *lood' 6ymph' *one' "artilage' Tendons'

6igaments' Areolar Tissue and Adipose tissue.

Q22: What a$e the constituents of connecti3e tissues%

Answer: "onnective tissues consist of cells and

intercellular matrix.

Q2&: 7ist the ty+e of inte$cellula$ !at$i9 +$esent in the

followin connecti3e tissues.(a) *lood

(b) 6ymph

(c) *one

(d) "artilage

(e) Tendons

(f) 6igaments

(g) Areolar Tissue

(h) Adipose tissue

Answer:

(a) *lood : !lasma

(b) 6ymph : 0luid Matrix(c) *one : ;ard matrix composed of "a and

!hosphorous compounds

(d) "artilage : 0lexible matrix

(e) Tendons : 0ibrous matrix

(f) 6igaments : 0ibrous matrix

(g) Areolar Tissue : 0luid

(h) Adipose tissue : 0luid

Q2: What a$e constituents of /lood tissue%

Answer:*lood tissue consists of:

2. fluid matrix called plasma3. red blood cells (,*"s' also called erythrocytes)



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tissue are long' cylindrical' unbranched and

multinucleated (having many nuclei).

Q: 8dentify which ty+e of !uscles tissues a$e

associated with the followin /ody actions

(a) locomotion

(b) iris movement to control si+e of pupil(c) peristaltic movements of the oesophagus

(d) heart beat

(e) movement of blood in blood vessels

Answer:

(a) locomotion: striated muscles

(b) iris movement to control si+e of pupil: smooth muscles

(c) peristaltic movements of the oesophagus: smooth

muscles

(d) heart beat: cardiac muscles

(e) movement of blood in blood vessels: smooth muscles

Q1: How will you identify ca$diac !uscles cells unde$

a !ic$osco+e%

Answer: "ardiac muscle cells are short' branched and

striated. These are usually uni%nucleated. "ells are

interconnected by intercalated discs.

Q2: Which !uscle tissues show cha$acte$istics of

/oth st$iated and unst$iated !uscles%

Answer: "ardiac tissues.

Q&: Whe$e do we find ca$diac tissues% What a$e the

functions of ca$diac tissues%

Answer: "ardiac tissues are found in heart only. "ardiac

muscle tissues contract and relax rhythmically throughout

life without fatigue. They pump and distribute the blood to

the various parts of the body.

Q: >o all cells $es+ond to sti!uli o$ this a/ility is

+ossessed /y ne$3e cells only%

Answer: All cells respond to stimuli. *ut nerve cells arespecialised in transmitting the stimulus very

rapidly from one place to another within the body.

Q: What is the unit of ne$3ous tissues%

Answer: euron or nerve cell.

Q6: Whe$e do we find ne$3e cells%

Answer: erve cells are present in the brain' spinal cord

and peripheral nerves are branched throughout the body.

Q: How lon a ne$3e cell can /e%

Answer: #t can be a meter long.

Q0: How a$e !uscles tissues $elated to ne$3e cells%

Answer: Muscles do not move on their own. They move

only when they receive a nerve impulse. Motor neurons ( a

type of nerve cell) are connected to muscles which carrystimulus for muscle movement.

Q: "a!e the th$ee distinct +a$ts of a neu$on.

Answer:

"ell *ody

-endrites

Axon

Q: What is !yelin sheath% Whe$e do we find it%

Answer: Axons of nerve cell is covered by a sheath called

myelin sheath. Myelin sheath prevents the lea&age of

nerve impulse ( a sort of electrical signal) from the axon.

Q1: What ha++ens in +olio disease%

Answer: -uring early stages of childhood' when !olio virus

attac&s it &ills motor neurons. Also nerve cells lose their

ability to reproduce new nerve cells. This damage is

permanent and the affected &id is unable to wal& properly

in his life.

C4S5 Class - Science - CH6 -Tissues (Wo$'sheet)

Tissues

Bill in the /lan's

1. =========== is the process by which unspecialisedstructures become modified and specialised for performing

specific functions.

2. -ifferentiation results in ======== (division>summation>integration) of labour.

3. The study of the structure of tissues and organs is&nown as ====== .

4. *ased on ability to divide' plant tissues may beclassified as ======== and ===== tissues.

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5. Meristematic cells possess the power of cell ======.

6. !ermanent tissues are those which have lost the

capacity to =====.

7. (!arenchyma> "ollenchyma> Sclerenchyma) ========is a widely distributed' simple plant tissue.

8. (!arenchyma> "ollenchyma> Sclerenchyma) ========is a strong and flexible mechanical tissue.

9. ==== and ====== are the conducting tissues orvascular tissues' also called complex tissues.

10. The cell walls of ======= (!arenchyma>"ollenchyma> Sclerenchyma) tissue are made up of

cellulose hemicellulose and pectin

11. ============ is the parenchyma with large numberof chloroplasts.

12. (/ylem>!hloem) ======= is popularly &nown as

wood.

13. /ylem is composed of =======' ======' ========and =======.

14. Tracheids are ==== (living>dead)cells =====(with>without)protoplasts.

15. !rotective tissues include ====== and =====.

16. $pithelial cells have ===== (little>large)intercellularsubstances.

17. ("onnective>Muscular>$pithelial) ======= tissueserves to ?connect@ or ?bind@ the cells of other tissues in the

body and gives them rigidity and support.

18. (Tendon>6igament>"artilage) ====== is made up ofwhite fibres and connects muscles to bones.

19. *one is surrounded by a connective tissue &nown as========.

20. Striated muscles are ==== (voluntary>involuntary)

while smooth muscles are =======(voluntary>involuntary).

nswe$s:

2. -ifferentiation

3. division of labour.

4. histology

5. meristematic tissue and permanent tissue

7. division or multiplication.

. divide

B. !arenchyma

C. "ollenchyma

D. /ylem and phloem

2. !arenchyma

22. "hlorenchyma

23. /ylem

24. tracheids' vessels' xylem parenchyma and xylem

fibres.

25. dead' without

27. epidermis and cor&

2. little

2B. "onnective

2C. Tendon

2D. periosteum

3. voluntary' involuntary

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fsg 9 tissue

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