Functional Anatomy of the Cardiovascular

System

Objectives

0 Identify and discuss the structure and function of0 Heart0 Blood vessels0 Blood

Structure

0Enclosed in lubricated sac (endocardium)0Attached to the thorax by connective tissue

(pericardium)0Protected by

0 Ribs0 Sternum0 diaphragm

Structure

0Muscular organ (myocardium)0Size of average fist

0Structure of Heart0 Shell-like pump

04 chambers04 valves

Structure of Heart

0L & R Atrium0 Top two chambers

0Receive blood from the body and lungs

0L & R Ventricles0 Bottom two chambers

0Pumps blood to the body and lungs

0Valves (4)0 Direct blood flow

0Keep it moving in one direction

Heart

0Function of Heart0 Provide O2 to the cells

of the body through the circulation of blood

0Circulatory System0 Arteries0 Capillaries0 Veins

Circulatory System

0Arteries0 Tough on outside0 Smooth on inside0 Carry O2 rich blood

from heart to capillaries in lungs and body

0Arteries0 Expand when heart

contracts0Contract when heart

relaxes to help push blood through circulatory system

Circulatory System

0Capillaries0 Thin and fragile mesh-

like network of vessels0 Site of exchange for O2

and carbon dioxide0 Deliver waste-rich blood

to veins

0 Veins0 Thinner walls than

arteries0 Transport waste-rich

blood back to heart and lungs

0 Contain valves to insure blood flows in one direction

0 Help blood move against the force of gravity

Circulatory System

0Pulmonary circulation0 Blood flow to and from lungs

0Coronary circulation0 Branch off aorta0 Supply blood to heart and muscle

0Systemic circulation0 Blood flow to all other organs and extremities

Blood

0Red blood cells0 Cary O2

0White blood cells0 Phagocytosis0 Immediate immune

system response0 Infection

0Platelets0 Clotting0 Lose platelets lose the

ability to clot quicker

Blood

0BP maintains blood flow to 0 Brain0 Internal organs0 Muscles

0Low blood pressure0 Brain and other organs don’t receive adequate blood supply

0High blood pressure0 Over time will damage capillaries

Blood Flow

0Left atrium0 Receives O2 rich blood

from the lungs by pulmonary veins

0Left atrium pumps blood through mitral valve to left ventricle

0Left ventricle0 Pumps O2 blood through

aortic valve to aorta

0Aorta 0 Branches into smaller

arteries that transport blood to heart, other organs and extremities

0Arteries0 Connect to capillaries

where O2 and CO2 are exchanged

0 Waste is also picked up from the lymph system

Blood Flow

0Capillaries0 Connect to veins

0Veins0 Transport blood back

up to the heart and lungs

0Blood enters right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava

0Right atrium pumps blood through tricuspid valve to right ventricle

0Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs through pulmonary arteries