Fundamental Geometrical

Concepts

Class – 7B Roll Nos - 17 & 18

Maths Project

Roll No.s - Name

17 - Tushar Gupta 18 - Samarth Enosh Harrison

Group Members

GeometryIn math, geometry is the basic concepts which explain

the size, shape and their positions. Geometry also explains the basic properties for every shape.

Generally, the geometry is classified into two types such as plane geometry and solid geometry. The

geometry shapes can be drawn by using the tools such as compass, protractor, ruler etc. The

fundamental concepts of geometry deals with lines, points, planes, shapes line segments, midpoints etc. There are certain formulas available for measuring

the geometry concepts. By studying the fundamental concepts of geometry, we can solve the geometry

problems easily.

Fundamental Geometrical Concepts

Geometrical Concepts are of many types .

They are:-Point LinePlaneLine SegmentRay

PointA small dot marked

by a pencil on a sheet of paper or a prick made by a fine needle on a paper are examples of a point.

A point determines a location. It has no length, breadth or thickness .

LineThe basic concept of a

line is its straightness, and it extends indefinitely in both directions. The two arrowheads in the opposite directions indicate that the length of a line is unlimited.

A line has length only. It has o breadth or thickness. It has no end points. It is made up of an infinite number of points.

PlaneFlat surfaces are

also know as planes. A plane has length ad breadth. It has no thickness.

The basic concept of a plane is its flatness, and it extends indefinitely in all directions. The length and breadth of a plane are unlimited.

Line SegmentThe portion of a line

between the points is called the line segment.

Two or more line segments are called equal if and only if they have same length. Two line segments are called parallel if and only if the lines containing them are parallel.

RayA ray as only one end

point, and it has unlimited length. An unlimited number of rays can be drawn with a given initial point.

Two rays with same initial point and extending indefinitely in opposite direction are called opposite rays. Two rays are called parallel if and only if the lines containing them are parallel.

SumsQ1. How many lines can be drawn through three:(i) Collinear points

(ii) Non-collinear

Ans.1 (i).One

(ii) Three

Q2.Mark four points A, B, C and D in your notebook such that no three of them are collinear. Draw all lines which join them in pairs.

(i) How many such lines can be drawn?

(ii) Write the names of these lines?

(iii) Name the lines which are concurrent at B?

Ans2. (i)Six (ii)AB,AC,AD,BC,BD,CD, (iii)AB,BC,CD

Q3.Mark 4 points A, B, C and D in your notebook so that the points A,B,C are collinear. Draw all the line segments and the lines joining them in pairs.

(i) Count the number of lines and name them.

(ii) Count the number of line segments and name them.

Ans.3 (i) 4 Lines ; AC,AD,BD,CD (ii) 6 Line segments ; AB,BC,AC,BD,CD

Q4. Lines l, m and n concurrent. Also lines n, p and q are concurrent. Is it always true that lines l, m and p will be concurrent? Is it always true for lines l, p and q?

Ans4. (i) No (ii) No

Q5. What is the maximum number of points of intersection of three lines drawn in a plane? What is the minimum number?

Ans5. (i) Three points (ii) Zero points