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Fundamental of Computer

Suthida Chaichomchuen : SCC

std@kmitnb.ac.th

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Computer Components

Hardware (architecture) Software (instruction set)

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Basic Hardware

Bits Bytes Registers Memory Processor Data Bus

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Hardware Components

Internal hardware– Microprocessor– Memory– Registers

External hardware– Input/Output Devices

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Software Organization

Programs Data files Operating System

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Computer storage

Bit– On : 1– Off : 0

Byte– data : 8 bits– parity : 1 bit (automatically setting)

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Related bytes

Word Doubleword Quadword Paragraph Kilobyte Megabyte

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Binary numbers

Bit value : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Position value : 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1Bit number : 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

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Binary arithmetic

Decimal Binary 65 01000001 +42 +00101010 107 01101011

Decimal Binary 60 00111100 +53 +00110101 113 01110001

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Negative Binary Numbers

Number +65 : 01000001Reverse the bits : 10111110Add 1 : 1Number -65 : 10111111

Reverse the bit value and add 1

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Hexadecimal Representation

Binary : 1011 1001 1100 1110Decimal : 11 9 12 14Hexadecimal : B 9 C E

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Homework (Submit before next week)

Processor Register Segment