FURTHER EXPERIENCE WITH

BACKYARD POULTRY PRODUCTION SECOND MEETING OF THE MICRO-POULTRY WORKING GROUP

HARMONY HOTEL, ADDIS ABABA

7TH FEBRUARY 2017

TheAKLDPprojectundertakesasetofstructuredlearningandcoordinationactivitiesbasedonpolicyandprogrammingissuesthathavebeenprioritizedwithUSAIDandtheGovernmentofEthiopia.Specifically,theAKLDPprovidescoordinationandtechnicalsupporttoguideimprovementsinUSAIDagriculturalprogrammingandtosupportnationaldevelopmentpoliciesandstrategies—particularlythosegearedtowardsassistingpoorerhouseholdstobenefitfromagriculturalandfoodsecurityinvestment.AkeytaskoftheAKLDPistheorganizationofregularmeetings,fieldvisitsandinformationsharingeventsforcollaborativelearninggroups,whilstensuringthemainstreamingofthesenetworkswithingovernmentstructures.TheMicro-PoultryGrouphelditssecondmeetinginFebruary2017.Theseproceedingsprovidesummariesoffourpresentationsthatweremadeduringthehalf-daymeetingheldattheHarmonyHotelandhighlightthekeyoutputsofthegroupdiscussions.Forfurtherinformationpleasecontact:AdrianCullis(AKLDP)adrian.cullis@tufts.edu

Summaryofthemeeting

A. Meetingagenda

AdrianCullis,AKLDPCoP,openedthemeetingwithabriefintroductiontothepurposeofMicro-PoultryWorkingGroupandtheimportanceofpoultryinthelivesandlivelihoodsofruralhouseholdsinEthiopia.Hewelcomedtheparticipantsandintroducedthepresentersthathadcometopresenttheirinterestingwork.AlistofthemeetingparticipantsisincludedatAnnex1.Fourpresentationsweremadecovering:CARE’sexperiencewiththemanagementofscavengingpoultryinEthiopiaandelsewhere;theKyeemaFoundation’sexperiencewithvillagepoultryproductionandNCDcontrolinMozambique;theresearchandcommunityworkofHaramayaUniversityonmicro-poultryproduction;andtheexperienceoftheENGINEprograminEthiopiatowardsimprovingbackyardchickenfarmingfornutrition.Aquestionandanswersessionfollowedthepresentationsandaperiodoftimeallocatedforgroupdiscussion.AcopyoftheagendaisatAnnex2.

B.Meetingbackground

InJuly2016theAKLDPprovidedsupporttotheMinistryofLivestockandFisheries(MoLF)foranactionplanningmeetingtoestablishacollaborativelearninggrouponpoultryproduction–ThePoultryWorkingGroup.Thedraftactionplanforthegroup,whichwillinitiallyaddressissuesrelatedtothecommercialpoultrysector,wassubsequentlyendorsed.InSeptember,eightspecialistsfromtheEthiopianInstituteAgriculturalResearchInstitute(EIAR)andMoLFwereprovidedwithtrainingtoundertakeatechnicalcapacityperformancereviewofcommercialpoultryfarmsinEthiopia.InearlyOctoberaNationalEggDay,‘EggMatters:aneggaday-anaffordableapproachtoaddressmalnutrition’tookplace.

InNovemberameetingwasheldtoexploretheneedandopportunitiestocomplementthePoultryWorkingGroupwithaMicro-PoultryGroupthatwouldfocusspecificallyonhouseholdormicro-levelproduction.Thereportofthisfirstmeeting,whosethemewas‘ImprovingBackyardPoultryProduction’,isavailableontheAKLDPwebsiteat:http://www.agri-learning-ethiopia.org/workshop-and-conference-proceedings/

Thisreportisbasedonthesecondmeetingofthegroup,atwhichanumberoforganizationsmadepresentationsontheirbroaderexperiencesandthechallengesofsupportingbackyardpoultryproduction.

C.Presentations

1.ExperienceswiththeManagementofScavengingPoultry

FoodSufficiencyforFarmers(FSF)initiative,CAREEthiopia

ThefirstpresentationlookedattheexperienceofCAREEthiopia’sFoodSufficiencyforFarmers(FSF)initiativeonthemanagementofscavengingpoultry.Scavengingpoultrywasdefinedasbeingchickensusuallycaredforbywomenandchildren,mostlykeptunmanagedinsmallnumbers,butsometimesgivensupplementaryfeed.Thechickensfeedbyscavengingforinsects,grubs,snails,seeds,fallenfruit,kitchenwasteetc.Theadvantagesofscavengingpoultryarethatthesystemdoesnotproducesignificantemissions(significantforEthiopia’sClimateResilientGreenEconomy);andtheyareimportantforwomenandchildren,bothasadirectsourceofnutrition(eggandmeat)andforimprovingwomen’spurchasingpower.IntermsofnumbersinEthiopia,theyareestimatedat53millionchickens(99%localbreeds)withanaverageof6perhousehold.Theyarealowinputproductionsystemintermsofwater,feed,shelterandmedicines.Scavengingpoultry’soutputandcontributionisrelativelylowhowever—estimatedoutputof40-60eggs/hen/yearandsmallbodyweight—buttheymakeup95.9%oftotalnationalpoultrymeatandeggproduction(CSA,2014).Percapitaconsumptionis9eggsand0.6kgofmeat.ThepresentationdescribedCARE’smanagementexperiencewithscavengingpoultryinMozambique.Workingwith134households,eachwith7chickensonaverage,theprovisionofNewcastleDisease(NCD)vaccinationsincreasedtheaverageof7chickensto20within6months.Thisledtoimprovementsinhouseholdpurchasingpower,increasedhomeconsumptionofchickenproducts,greaterdecision-makingpowerforwomen,andahighercapacitytosurvivedroughts.CARE’sexperienceinBangladeshwasalsointroduced.TheinitiativeinEthiopiahasincludedpreparationoftheScavengingPoultryManagementNoteandthedevelopmentofaManualwiththeMinistryofLivestockandFisheries(MoLF),whichhasbeendistributedtoworedasandDevelopmentAgents.Theinitiativeispromotingthepotentialofscavenging/household-levelpoultryproductionthroughtrainingandtheexecutionofanactionplan.TheManualcoverspoultryneedsofintermsofwater,feed,housing,useoflocalbreeds,selection,medicament(forNCD),hygiene,etc.Atleast550householdshavebeenprovidedwithafullpackage,whichcoversboththemanualandvaccinations.Followingavaccinationcampaign,thenumberofeggshasincreasedfrom40-60to100-120/hen/year,whilsttheaveragenumberofchickensperHHhasincreasedfrom6to20in6months.ThemajorchallengefacingscavengingpoultryproductionisNCD,withoutbreaksinEthiopiahappeningtwiceayearonaverageandkilling70-80%ofthechickensaffected.Theviruscanbecontrolledwiththeuseofvaccines(producedatafactoryinBishoftu).Availableatworedaveterinaryclinics,theFSFinitiativehasuseditsVSLAsastheentrypointfortheprovisionofthevaccine.ControllingtheincidencesofNCDalonehascontributedtofoodsecuritythroughincrementalincomeincrease.Italsoimprovesnutritionstatusandempowerswomen.Progresstodatehasseenabout126,000chickensvaccinatedinWestHararge,with6,343and8,905HHsbenefittinginFSFandNon-FSFinterventionareas;plus4,900chickensvaccinatedinSouthGondar.Thefullpackagehasbeenstarted,withsupplementaryfeedprovisionandhousingsochickensdonotgofarandarenotexposedtopredators.Theratioofcocktohenisbeingkeptat1:6soastohaveagreaternumberoflayingchickens.FarmershavenowstartedtodemandtheNCDvaccination,andtheGovernmentisgoingtogivevaccinationsthroughthedevelopmentgroupapproach.BahirDarUniversityhasalsostartedsomeresearchworkresearch.Thedeathratehasbeenreduced,withthenon-vaccinatedbeingshowntohavediedduetoNCD.Productionandproductivityhasincreased,withpeoplepreferringtopurchasevaccinatedchickens.

2.VillagepoultryfarmingandNewcastleDiseaseControlinMozambique

Dr.RosaCosta,KyeemaFoundation

ThesecondpresentationwasbasedonthehouseholdlevelpoultryproductionworkbeingcarriedoutbytheKyeemaFoundationinMozambique.TheagriculturesectorinMozambiquewasintroducedas:mainlyconstitutedbythefamilysector/subsistenceagriculture;accountingforabout99%ofagro-livestockunits;andoccupyingmorethan95%ofthecountry'scultivatedarea.71%oftheruralpopulationraiseschickens,withvillagechickenproductiondominantinallregionsofthecountry.Thiscontrastswiththedualiststructureofothercountries.ThepresenterdescribedthepoultryproductionsystemsinMozambique:§ LargeScaleCapitalIntensivePoultryProductionforthefrozenurbanmeatmarket

Totaldomesticbroilerproduction:>15Millionbirds/annum.50%ofcommercialfrozenbroilersimportedfromBrazil&SouthAfrica(=15Million).Around10commercialfeedmillersinentirecountry(6Maputo,1Chimoio,3Nampula).Verticalintegrationiscommon(e.g.Parentstock,hatchery,feedmill,broilerproduction,slaughterfacility).90%ofallsoybeanimportedfromArgentina&SouthAfrica(>30,000tons).

§ Small-ScaleCommercialPoultryProducers(500-2,000birds)fortheliveperi-urbanmarket.§ Freerangingruraldomesticpoultry.TotaldomesticinformalPoultryStock>22MillioninMozambique.

Scavenging/freeranging&nouseofcommercialfeed.Localindigenouslandraces.Mainlyfordomesticconsumptionorlivebirdsaleinlocalmarkets.MajorproductionthreatisNewcastleDisease.

Reasonstoinvestinvillagepoultryfarmingweregivenasbeinganopportunitytopromoteagrowingstrategyinfavorofthepoor.Itisalsothelargestsystemofpoultryproduction,acriticalsourceofincomeandnutritionforpoorhouseholds,plustheinvolvementanduniqueroleofwomeninpoultryproductionshouldnotbeignored.Themainpromotionactivitiesforvillagepoultrycover:Health-NCDvaccinations,anti-parasitictreatments;Housing-usinglocallyavailablematerials;Feedingstrategiesfordifferentagegroups;andBreeding.

TheworkoftheKyeemaFoundationhasfocusedonvaccinedistributionandvaccinationcampaigns,bytrainingandequippingcommunityvaccinators.Gendersensitivetrainingandextensionmaterialsthatareadequateforveterinarians,extensionists,communityvaccinatorsandfarmershavebeenproduced;includingaFieldmanual,Trainingmanual,Laboratorymanual,Posters,Flipcharts,RadioandTheatreprograms.Famershavebeentaughthowtobuildchickenhousesusinglocallyavailablematerialsandmarketing.Thecoordinationofactivitieswithallstakeholdershasbeenimportant(Farmers,Communityvaccinators,Extensionandlivestockstaff,thePrivatesector,Veterinarians,AnthropologistsandNGOs).ThepresenterprovideddataonthecomparisonoftheaverageflocksizeinthehouseholdsthatvaccinatedagainstNewcastledisease,householdsthatvaccinatedandsupplemented,andacontrolgroupasindicatedinthetablebelow:Vaccinated Vaccinated+Feedsupplemented Control14.4(±1.2SE) 16.9(±1.2SE) 8.7(±1.5)(P=0.0001)Theresultsofthe2013impactassessmentstudybytheAustralianCentreforAgriculturalResearchwerealsogiven,withabenefittocostratioof$60communitybenefitforevery$1invested.BenefitsforcontrollingNCDinMalaysia,Vietnam,andthePhilippineshavebeenestimatedat$211million.DetailsweregivenonthePhase3NewcastlediseasecontrolprojectimplementedfromJune2012-June2016bytheIRPC/KYEEMAFoundation,incollaborationwiththePan-AfricanVeterinaryVaccineCentreoftheAfricanUnion(AU-PANVAC).TheoverallprojectgoalwastolaythefoundationforalargerNCDcontrolprojecttobeimplementedincollaborationwithAU-PANVACandAU-IBAR.Keyoutcomesinclude:

§ StrengthenedcollaborationbetweenregionalinstitutionsandnationalMinistries(TheprojectworkedcloselywiththeAU,AU-RECs,andnationalministries.Whereappropriate,theprojectliaisedwiththeFAO,OIEandotherfoodsecurityprograms);

§ Enhancementofresources(TheprojectcreatedacriticalmassoflocalexpertstoensurecontinuityofprogressiveNCDcontrolandhasattractedthesupportofseveralAfricanMSinthesubsector);

§ Empowermentofwomen:TheprojectencouragedgenderbalanceinprojectactivitiesinlinewiththeKYEEMA,DFATandAUgenderpolicies.

Furthercooperationandavenuesforbuildinggreatertiesandstrongerrelationshipsweregivenas:§ Pre-testing,peerreviewandaccreditationoftheNCDcontrolmastertrainercurricula.§ Finalizationandcirculationoftherevisedfieldandtrainingmanuals.§ Tocontinuelookingforfundingforanexpanded,multi-yearNCDcontrolprojectproposal(Signed

MOUwithILRIin2016).§ TocontinuetopursueprivatesectorcollaborationforimpactinvestinginNCDcontrol.

Thepresentationconcludedbystatingthat:

§ Villagepoultryproductionshouldbeconsideredinanystrategyaimedatimprovingrurallivelihoods.

§ Thereisampleevidencethatwelldesignedandparticipatorydevelopmentprogramsthatenhancelivestock(poultry)productioncanovercomepovertyandenhancesignificanteconomicandsocialbenefitsamongruralpopulation.

§ Small-scale/backyardpoultryproductionsystemsneednotbefullytransformed–rather,theyneedtobestrengthened.

3.TheMicro-poultryproductionworkofHaramayaUniversity

DrNegassiAmeha,AssociateProfessorFollowingthepresentationgivenatthefirstmeetingoftheMicro-PoultryWorkingGroup,DrNegassireiteratedthattheHaramayaUniversity’smandatecoversteaching,researchandcommunityengagement.Heintroducedhispresentationbystatingthatagriculturalgrowthiscriticalforhungerreduction,andthat70%ofpeopleindevelopingcountriesarelivinginruralareasanddependingonagriculturefortheirlivelihoods,eitherdirectlyorindirectly.Intermsofitscontributiontoagriculturalgrowth,poultryishighlysignificant.Themarketandproductioncontextofpoultryproductionhasbeenchangingrapidlyoverthelasttwodecades:Rapideconomicgrowthandurbanizationindevelopingcountrieshasresultedinfastexpansionofindustrial,large-scale,verticallyintegrated,poultryproductionsystems.However,thecontributionofthevillagepoultryproductionsystemremainsvitalforthewellbeingofthemajorityofruralpeople.FurtherdetailswereprovidedonthesituationinEthiopia.Inrecentyearstherehasbeengrowingrecognitionamongthedevelopmentcommunityoftheroleofsmall-scalecommercialpoultryproductioninacceleratingthepaceofpovertyreductionandreachingouttothepoorestofthepoor.PoultryfarmingisnotonlyintheinterestsofnewcommercialproducersinEthiopia,butisalsointhenationalinterest,withtheEthiopiangovernmentnowgivingattentiontothesector.Ethiopiaisendowedwithfavorableclimaticconditionsforpoultryandrichexperienceoflocalpeopleinbreedingbirds,especiallyintheproductionofeggsforconsumption.Poultryisconsideredoneoftheeasiestandmostaccessibleactivities.Having100indigenouschickensisbecomingcommoninEasternEthiopia.CommercialbreedsarealsobecomingcommonintheruralEasternpartofEthiopia,asisintegratedpoultry-vegetableproduction.HU’sresearchundertakenonchickenshascovered:

• Studyingtheproductionsystemandcharacterizationofdifferentbreeds• Evaluationofdifferenttypesofconventionalandnon-conventionalfeedresourcesandtheireffects• Evaluationofdifferentbreedsofbirds• Animalhealthresearch• Vaccinedevelopment• Studyofthevalue-chainandqualityproducts

Specificon-Stationresearchhaslookedat- Evaluationofthefourdual-purposetropicalbreedsprovidedbyAfricanChickenGeneticGain

(ACGG)Project- EvaluationofthecrossbetweenthetropicallyadaptedFayomibreedwiththetemperateWhiteLeg

Hornbreed(Thereisaco-dominanceeffectespeciallyoncolorandproductionisalsogood)TheCommunityDevelopmentworkhascovered:

- Poultrymanagementtechnicaltraining- Distributingimprovedpoultrybreedsandmovablepoultryhouses- Materialsupportlikemedicine,feed,wateringandfeedingequipment

Thepresentationconcludedbyhighlightingtheneedforacommonplatform,andtheorganizationofaseriesofmeetingsandworkshopstosensitizedecisionmakers,politicians,bureaucrats,technocrats,policymakersandplannersofpro-poorprogramsaboutpoultryproduction,basingthesensitizationonharddata.

4.ENGINE-Experienceinimprovedchickensupplychainandbackyardimprovedchickenproduction

KebedeTafesse,SavetheChildrenInternationalThefourthpresentationfocusedonthepoultryrelatedworkintheEmpoweringNewGenerationstoImproveNutritionandEconomicopportunities(ENGINE)program,beingledbySavetheChildren.Poultryassistanceisprovidedaspartofthenutritionsensitivelivelihoodsupport.ThepresentationexplainedhowtheENGINEapproachtoimprovedchickendistributionisbasedonexperiencesharedfromotheragencies:

Ø Institutionallearningfromagencies(GOandNGO)Ø Onfieldobservationofimprovedchickenperformanceandfarmer’smanagementØ Seekingadvicefromresearchandpoultryfarms

Andonlessonsgainedfromlookingatotheragencies’work:Ø ThesuccessesofcommercialchickenandfarmermanagementwerelimitedØ ChickendistributionswerenotasapackageØ Inadequatelydevelopedprivatechickensupply(self-replacingbreed)Ø Knowledgeandskillgaponimprovedchickenmanagement,andcarerequiredimprovement.

ThedesignfocusandguidelinesforENGINEweretherefore:Ø DevelopmentofaprivatechickensupplymodelØ Decisiontoworkondual-purposechickenbreedovercommercialtypeØ Designedfullpackageforbackyardimprovedchickendistribution.

TheprocessforthedevelopmentofaPrivateImprovedChickenSupplyChainincluded:

§ DebreZeitAgriculturalResearchCenterasthesourceofparentstocksupplyaswellasin-houseandon-fieldtechnicalsupport

§ Aprivatemini-chickenmultiplicationunittomanagehatcheryandparentstockandasthesourceofdayoldchickensupplies

§ PrivateChickenOutGrowerstoreardayoldchickensandbethesourceof2-3montholdchickensupply

Theprivatechickensuppliersco-fundedbytheprogram:§ Selected2chickenmultipliersand6outgrowersthroughacompetitiveprocess§ Received5daysin-housetrainingandonsitetechnicalsupportfromDZARC§ ProvidedParentstockof175pulletsand35cocks§ Providedincubator-hatcherycombinedmachinewithatotalcapacityof1152§ Coveredproductionandadministrativecostofraisingparentstock(DZARC)

Thepresentationprovidedkeylessonslearntfromtheimplementationoftheprivatechickensupplymodelusingproxyindicatorsforsuccess.TheChickenMultiplicationUnit(CMU)indicatorswere:

Ø 85-90percenthatchabilityØ 63percentegglaying(MaximumasreportedbyDZARC)Ø Abletovaccinatedayoldchickenandon‘farmgate’supplytooutgrowersØ Abletohatch288eggseveryother6daysØ AbletomanagehatcheryandparentstockasadvisedØ Preparedreplacementstock(BDreachedin3generations)Ø Businessenlargement(BDCMUpurchasedadditionalmachinewithacapacityof19,000)

Theprivatechickenoutgrowers’proxyindicatorsforsuccesscovered:

Ø ‘Farmgate’purchaseofday-oldchickenandrearedforaperiodof2monthsbeforesellingtoENGINEtargetHHsthroughofficeofagriculture

Ø Abletogetchickenvaccinated,standardvaccinesrequireduptotheageof2months(NVI)Ø Maintainedgrowermortalitybelow1percentexceptforaone-timeoutbreakreportedinoneof

thegrower’sfarms.Thepresentationalsohighlightedthemajorchallengeswiththeprivatechickensupplymodel–theCMUandoutgrowers.TheChickenMultiplicationUnithadinadequateaccesstocriticalinputsandtechnicalsupport;thebusinesspartnershipwithchickenoutgrowersgotcracked;itsufferedfrompricecompetitivenesswithsubsidizedpublicfarms/largescaleprivatefarms;andwasrestrictedbylimitedfinancialliteracy.Thechickenoutgrowersinturnhadalimitedmarketingplanorstrategy;foundthesaleofmalechickeninexcessofbreedingtobeachallenge;hadlimitedmarketaccesstofarmers;andhadlimitedrecordkeepingskills.Nonethelessthechickendistributioncoveragebyimplementationyearwaspresentedas:

Thepresentationconcludedwithanumberofideasforthewayforwardatthepolicylevelcovering:chickenhealthcareandthedrugssupplychain;achickenbreedingprogramandstrategy;apro-poorchickenproductionpackage(standardized);privatesmallscalechickenenterprisemarketcompetitiveness;andanexoticdiseasecontrolstrategy.Atthefarmers’levelthereisaneedfor:recognitionoftheassetvalueofchickensandbackyardimprovedchickenproductionasabusiness;extensionservicesforchickens;verticalandhorizontallinkagesforcriticalinputandoutputmarketaccess;andaccesstoimprovedchickensthatreflectfarmers’preferences.

D.Q&AsessiononpresentationsPresentation1:ThemanagementofscavengingpoultryQ1: HasCARElinkeditspoultryworkinBangladeshandEthiopiainordertosharelessonslearned

betweentherespectiveofficesonpoultryNo–thisisnotsomethingthatwe’veyettried,butwecertainlycouldmakethelinks.

Q2: HowhasCAREsupportedthescaling-upofthelessonslearned?ThishasbeendonethroughthedevelopmentofamanualwiththeMinistryofLivestockandFisheries(MoLF)anddistributiontoworedasandDevelopmentAgents,andgenerallypromotingthepotentialofscavenging/household-levelpoultryproduction.Discussion:therewasageneraldiscussiononwhetherCAREshouldclaimattributionfortheprogressmade,whentheAmharaBureauofAgriculturehadalonghistoryofworkinthepoultrysectorandtherewasastrongprobabilitythatCAREwas‘re-inventingthewheel’.Itwas,however,widelyrecognizedwithinthegroupthattheBureauhadbeenactivebutwaslesssotoday,andthatrecentimplementationhadbeenbelowexpectations.AsaresultitwasagreedthatCAREhadplayedausefulroleinpromotingscavenging/householdpoultryproductionandthatthecreditshouldatleastbesharedwiththeBureau.

Q3: Youmentionthatproductioncanbeincreasedfromthecurrent40to60eggsperlayinghenperyearto100-120eggs/layinghen/yearwithappropriatemanagementandfeed.Isthisreallypossible?

Thislevelofachievementisreallypossiblewiththerightmanagement–housing,properbrooding(e.g.usinghayboxbrooder),healthcareandfeeding(strategicsupplementation).Withimprovedgenetics,asseenwiththeHorrorobreed,thenumberofeggscanevenbeincreasedto160peryear.Itisinterestingthatgoodprogresscanbemadeonthehealthside,specificallyNewcastleDisease,simplythroughanawarenesscampaign–somecommunitiesaren’tevenveryawareaboutthediseasedespitelosingchickenseachyeartothedisease.Wehavenotcarriedoutadetailedimpactassessmentandthisissomethingthatwecoulddotostrengthentheevidence-base.Wehavehowevercarriedoutinformalsurveysandhouseholdswith6chickenshavereportedthattheyarefinanciallyviable.

Q4: Howdidyoucalculatethefeedsupplementationrequirementforscavengingchickens? Weusedafigureof30%oftheirdailyfeedrequirementsor30gramsoffeed/hen/day.

Discussion:therewasageneraldiscussiononfeedsupplementationandthattheamountwouldvaryfromregiontoregionandseasontoseason,andthereforethata‘blanket’approachmightnotbeappropriateandmeetspecificneeds.Itwasalsoagreedthatasthelocalfeedsupplementationrequirementsincreasethattheprofitabilityofsemi-scavengingmightbecompromised,asfeedisthemostexpensiveinput.

Q5: Howmuchworkhasyourorganizationdoneonmarketing,andwhatarethemarketingconstraintsandchallenges?

Iagreethatlittlehasbeendoneonmarketingandmoreworkneedstobedoneinthisareatoensuresustainability.

Presentation2:FoundationvillagepoultryfarminginMozambiqueQ1: HowoftenshouldchickensbevaccinatedagainstNewcastledisease?

Studiesonanti-bodylevelsinvaccinatedpoultryconfirmthatchickensshouldbevaccinatedevery4months(3timesayear)asafter5monthsanti-bodylevelsdroptocriticallevelsandchickensareagainsusceptible.Itisalsoimportanttovaccinateevery4monthsbecauseitprotectschicksthatarehatchedinthisperiodandtheyareparticularlyvulnerable.StudiesalsoconfirmthatNewcastlediseaseoutbreakstypicallyoccurinthesameseasonoftheyearandthereforethatvaccinationsshouldbetimedtoensuremaximumprotectionforthe‘atrisk’period.

Q2: Aretheregenderempowermentissuesinthecareofchickens?Yesthereare.Chickensaretypicallymanagedbywomenandchildren,sowehavetargetedwomeninourprogramsinMozambique.Westartbytrainingwomen–includingfemale-headedhouseholds–andbuildtheirskillsandknowledge.Wethenstartthemwithapackageof8-10chickens.Manyaresuccessfulandgoontoestablishflocksofupto300.StudiesinTanzaniasuggestthatafterachickenflockhasbeenvaccinated3or4times,andremainseconomicallyviableforaboutayear,themenseemtotakeover.

Q3: Canyoutellusmoreabouttheincentivespaidtovaccinators?AsImentioned,wefeelthatifsustainabilityissuesaretobeaddressedandthevaccinationprogramistoremainviablethereneedstobein-builtincentivesforthecommunityvaccinators.Inorderthatthepaymentismadetotherightpeople,weaskcommunitiestoselecttheirownpeopletobetrainedasvaccinatorsusingthecriteria–hardworking,honest,reliable,motivated,literate,respectedandwillingtoworkwithothers.Thesecommunitymembersaretrainedandthenequippedincludingwithabicycle.Thetrainingishighqualityandwhentheygraduatetheyaregivenareferencemanual.Thecommunityvaccinatorsworkforaweekatatime,3timesayearandtheyreceivebetweenUS$60-100fromthecommunitymembersforthevaccinationworktheydo.

ParticipantsofferedexamplesofworktheyareinvolvedwithinEthiopiathatissupportedbypaid-for-services.

Presentation3:Micro-poultryproduction Q1: HowstablearethenewbreedsofchickensthatarebeingdevelopedinEthiopia,suchasKokok?

ItseemstheKokokbreedisstableandwe’vereached15generations-5intheresearchstationand10withfarmers.FarmersseemtolikethisvarietymuchmorethanFyomi,whichappearslazyandiseasilyattackedbybirdsofprey.ThefarmersliketheKokokbreedbecausetheyfitwithlowinput/lowoutputfarmingsystemwhilealsobeingmoreproductivethanthetraditionalbreeds.NeighboringfarmersaresointerestedthattheyarebuyingKokokeggsandusingtheirowntraditionalbreedsasbroodyhenstohatch.Numbersareincreasingrapidly.Otherfarmersarebuyingfemales.Fewfarmershoweverbuymalesforcrossing.Unfortunatelythebreedingprogramisnotsupportedbyahealthprogram,andtherearelotsoflosses.HaramayaincollaborationwithAfricanChickenGeneticGain(ACGG)isalsotestingotherimprovedbreeds–Kroiler,Horroroetc–butit’sstilltooearlytostateclearlywhatthefindingsare,in

particularatthefarmer-level,afterdistribution.EarlyindicationsarehoweverthatKroilerisachievinggoodgrowthratesandlayingwell.HoweverHorrorohaslowermortalityratesatthispoint.

Presentation4:ENGINEexperienceinimprovedchickensupplychainandbackyardimprovedchicken

production Q1: WhatimpactisENGINE’sworkhavingonhouseholdnutrition? ENGINEhasarangeofnutritionspecific-oftenhealth-relatedinterventions-andnutrition

sensitiveinterventions-includinggardensandpoultrysupportedbytheMoA.Theyareimplementedtogethersoitisdifficulttosaywhichinterventionisbringingaboutthebenefits.Whatwecansayhowever,fromthebase,midandend-linestudies,isthatchickensaresupportingimproveddietarydiversityandthereforewefeelthatchickensaremakingacontributiontoimprovednutritionoutcomes.

E.PlenaryDiscussion:

Intheplenarydiscussion,thefollowingissueswerediscussedandagreed:

§ Benefit/costanalysis:itwouldbehelpfultoundertakeBCAstudiestobetterunderstandthebenefitsandcostsofmicro-poultrytohouseholdincomeandnutrition.

§ Manuals:informedbyBCAstudiesitwouldbeusefultodevelopanevidence-basedmanualthatwouldbringtogetherthebestoftheavailablemanualsandtohavethisendorsedbytheMinistryofLivestockandFisheries.

§ Exchangevisits:itwouldbegoodtosupportexchangevisits,includingoffarmersgroups,inorderthatgoodpracticeisshared.ItwouldalsobeusefulfortheGrouptoorganizeprojectvisits,perhapsstartinginHararghe.

Annexes

Annex1.ParticipantsList

No Name Project/Organization Email

1 JemalYousuf HaramayaUniversity Jemaly2001@yahoo.com2 GizawTadesse Land tgizaw1997@yahoo.com3 NegassiAmeha HaramayaUniversity negasiameha@gmail.com4 MebratuKifle CARE Mebratu.kifle@care.org5 YitageleTerese HaramayaUniversity yitagele@yahoo.com6 KebedeTafesse SavetheChildren Kebede.tafesse@savethechildren.org7 BethelehemZewde KYEEMAFoundation bethyzwd@yahoo.com8 EtsehiwotWondimu Consultant Etsehiwot_wondimu@yahoo.com9 FasilGetachew ILRI f.getachew@cgiar.org10 ElleniMelesse USAID emelesse@usaid.gov11 YirgalemG.Meskele USAID ygebremeskel@usaid.gov12 TadesseAssefa SNV tassefa@snvworld.org13 AlmazTadesse MercyCorps altadesse@mercycorps.org14 BirukTesfaye CRS biruk.tesfaye@crs.org

Annex2.MeetingAgenda

Micro-PoultryMeetingHarmonyHotel–7thFebruary,2017

AGENDATIME SESSION LEAD09:30 Welcome AKLDP

09:35 Introductions AKLDP

09:45

10:05

10:25

Presentation1:FoundationVillagePoultryFarminginMozambiquePresentation2:ScavengingPoultryManagmentPresentation3:

Dr.RosaCosta(KYEEMAFoundation)MebratuKifle(CARE)OferKahani(MASHAV)

10:45 Teabreak

11:15 Presentation4: KebedeTafesse(SCI)

11:35 Presentation5: DrNegassiAmeha(HaremayaUniversity)

11:55 Wayforward AKLDP

01:00 Lunch