future plans for space weather observations – u.s. noaa perspective terry onsager national oceanic...
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Future Plans for Space Weather Observations – U.S. NOAA Perspective
Terry OnsagerNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationSpace Weather Prediction Center
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U.S. National Plan for Earth Observations
• US National Plan released in July, 2014
• Based on a policy framework for routine assessment of Earth observations
• Establishes priorities and actions to advance civil Earth observing capabilities
• Defines two observation categories:
- Sustained: support public services
- Experimental: multi purpose, time limited
• Will be revised every three years, new assessment effort beginning this month
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Societal Benefit Areas
• Agriculture and Forestry
• Biodiversity
• Climate
• Disasters
• Ecosystems
• Energy and Mineral Resources
• Human Health
• Ocean and Coastal Resources
• Space Weather
• Transportation
• Water Resources
• Weather
Group on Earth Observations
Assessment of observations organized in 12 Societal Benefit Areas:
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High Impact Observing Systems withSpace Weather Benefit
Tier 1 Highest Priority – Support a majority of societal themes:
• Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite System (GOES)
• MetOp – Polar Orbiting Operational Meteorology (EUMETSAT)
Tier 2
• Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE)
• Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)
• International Magnetometers
• Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (POES)
• Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)
• Solar Dynamics Explorer (SDO)
• Solar Electro-Optical Network
• Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) Satellites
• USGS Geomagnetic Observatories
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Agency Roles and Responsibilities: Space Weather Monitoring
• NOAA (with NASA, interagency and international partners):Conduct sustained observations for space weather monitoring and prediction
- Solar wind (including coronal mass ejections)- Solar flares- Energetic particles- Related measurements to forecast space weather events
• Provide measurements through:- GOES- DSCOVR (2015)- Beyond DSCOVR – study options, international/interagency
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Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) Solar Wind Mission
• Launch scheduled for January, 2015
• Space weather is the primary mission; climate is secondary
• Faraday cup: solar wind density, speed, temperature
• Electron electrostatic analyzer
• Magnetometer
• International network of real-time receiving antennas: Germany, Japan, South Korea, U.S.
• Real-time data processed and provided by NOAA
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DSCOVR Follow-on L1 Mission
• Launch planned for 2020
• Measurement baseline:
- Thermal plasma (density, velocity, temperature)
- Magnetometer
- Low-energy ions
- Coronagraph
Observations off the Sun-Earth line (such as L5) are also needed for accurate characterization of Coronal Mass Ejections. It is not clear how these measurements will be obtained.
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Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)
• Extreme Ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Sensors (EXIS): X-ray sensor, expanded dynamic range and flare location
• Solar Ultraviolet Imager (SUVI) – Full-disk extreme ultraviolet imager: Active region characterization, filament eruption, and flare detection
• Space Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS): Electrons, protons, heavy ions – Surface charging, internal charging, single-event upsets
• Magnetometer: Detection of geomagnetic storms and magnetopause crossing, energetic particle products, model validation
GOES-R
GOES-R is planned to launch in 2016
Requirements workshop for future geostationary measurements planned for April 13, 2015, before Space Weather Workshop
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Launch Plan for GOES Satellites
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Plan for POES and Partner Satellites
NOAA 15-19 and European MetOp A, B, and C will include NOAA Space Environment Monitor packages for particle measurements
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COSMIC 2
• Joint Taiwan-U.S. planned 12-satellite constellation
• GNSS Radio-Occultation measurements – GPS, Galileo, and GLONASS
• 6 low-inclination and 6 high-inclination satellites
• First launch (6 low-inclination) planned for 2016
• NOAA is working with international partners to host/operated data-receiving ground stations
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Solar /Solar Wind
Components of NOAA’s Numerical Space Weather Modeling Effort
Magnetosphere/Ionosphere
Atmosphere/Ionosphere
ACE and DSCOVR
WSA/EnlilOperational
Univ. of Michigan Geospace2015
Whole Atmosphere Model/ Ionosphere-Plasmasphere2017
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Ionosphere
Plasmasphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
GFS0 – 60 km
WAM: Neutral Atmosphere0 – 600 km
Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (IPE) Model
Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM = Extended GFS)Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (IPE)Integrated Dynamics in Earth’s Atmosphere (IDEA = WAM+IPE)
WAM
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Coupling of Atmospheric Dynamic to the Ionosphere System
Model development includes collaboration with UK researchers and the UK Met Office
R. Viereck, NOAA/SWPC
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Summary
• The U.S. is implementing a national effort to establish priorities and actions to advance Earth-observing capabilities
• Two observation categories are defined:
- Sustained: support public services
- Experimental: multi purpose, time limited
• This is an ongoing effort with expected three-year updates
• NOAA is responsible for sustained observations, including GOES, DSCOVR, and DSCOVR follow-on
• Observations off the Earth-Sun line (e.g., L5) are still unplanned
• Sun-to-Earth operational modelling chain is under development that will required real-time data for model driving and data assimilation